Transcript Document

U.S. Department of Energy –
Developing a Net Zero Energy Home
for All Americans
University of Nebraska – August 6, 2009
Edward Pollock
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Importance of Buildings Sector
39% of U.S. Carbon Emissions
Industry &
Transportation
992 MMTC
(61%)
40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption
Buildings
630 MMTC
(39%)
72% of U.S. Electricity
Total U.S. Energy Consumption
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120
(Quads)
55% of U.S. Natural Gas
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100
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
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Building Technologies Mission
Develop technologies, tools, and standards for making residential
and commercial buildings and appliances more energy-efficient,
productive, and affordable.
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Building America – Residential Research
What is Building
America?
Building America is a public/private
partnership focused on systems-based R&D,
technology implementation, and cost-shared
technical support sponsored* by the US
Department of Energy with the goal of
developing marketable designs for homes
that produce as much energy as they use.
* All building construction and material costs
are provided as cost share by industry partners
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Zero Energy Home Goals
Key Near Term Performance Indicators
Reduction in HVAC Capacity
CO2 Emissions Reduction
Critical Peak Demand
Incremental Home Operating Cost
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Neutral Cost Goal: Increased Costs are Directly
Offset by Utility Bill Savings
2,500
cash flow
mortgage
2,000
Total
Annual
Costs ($/year)
Costs, $
Related
All Energy
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“Least Cost” Curve,
Using Current Best
Available Systems
utility bills
Minimum
Cost Point
1,500
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Neutral Cost Line
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ZEH Systems Research
Cost/Performance Target
2
1,000
500
Incremental, Energy
Related Mortgage
& Replacement Costs
0
0%
Reference
Building
50%
Source
Savings
EnergyEnergy
Savings
(%)
100%
Christensen, C.; Anderson, R.; Horowitz, S.; Courtney, A.; Spencer, J. (2006). BEopt(TM) Software for Building Energy
Optimization: Features and Capabilities. 21 pp.; NREL Report No. TP-550-39929.
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Building America Research Goals
Goal of Zero Energy Home by 2020.
Target (Energy Savings) by Climate Zones
Increase funding to enable simultaneous research in all five climate zones.
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Component Gaps and Needs
Durable high R wall
systems, including very
efficient windows
Very high performance heating
and air conditioning systems
with tight ducts in conditioned
space
More efficient lighting
technologies, including
solid state lighting
More efficient domestic hot
water systems, such as
solar hot water systems and
heat pump water heaters
Technologies for reducing
miscellaneous electric energy
use
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Equipment and Components R&D is Required to Meet
Needs of Zero Energy Homes
High
CommunityScale
CHP
Efficient
Clothes
Dryer
Switchable
Wall
Coatings
ZEH Risk
Low
Battery
Storage
High
SEER
AC/HP
Low Loss
Hot Water
Distribution
Residential
Ice Storage
Solar Assisted
Heat Pumps
(heating, hot
water)
Low
Low Cost
Cold Climate
SDHW
Ductless
Mini-splits
Next Gen
Storage/
Individual
House
Cold Climate
Air Source
Heat Pump
Low Cost
Ground Source
HP
Hot Water
Heat Recovery
Integrated Desiccant/
Indirect Evap Exchanger
(DEvap)
High R
Windows
Attic Integrated
Night Sky
Radiative Cooling
EC
Windows
Cool
Attics
Community
Scale
Seasonal
Storage
AC with
Dehumidification
Mode
ZEH Benefit
Residential DC
Power System
Small, High Efficiency
Condensing Combo Hot
Water/Space Heating
System
MELS
Control/Residential
Energy Management
System
Building
Integrated
Thermal
Storage
High
Small Volume
ZEH Air Handler
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Residential Integration System Research Process
Reject
No-Go /
Go
Stage 1: System Performance
Evaluations
Go/
No-Go
Development of Advanced
Components
(BT Emerging Technologies,
Manufacturers, Other EERE
Offices)
Stage 2: Prototype House
Evaluations
Reject
No-Go /
Go
Stage 3: Initial Community-Scale
Evaluations (Joule)
Reject
Reject
ZEH Technology Pathways
Analysis
No-Go /
Go
Final Evaluations
In Occupied Homes
Documentation
and Resource
Development Products
Go/
No-Go
Reject
Handoff for Deployment by: DOE Communications, Energy Star, PATH, NASULGC, NASEO, SEP, ASSERTI,
EEBA, Universities, Community Colleges, NAHB Bldg Sys Council, & other organizations
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Building America Research Results
• 6 teams
• Over 40,000 homes built to date (Best Practices series
and case studies)
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Existing Homes
• Over 50,000 homes’ energy performance
improved since 2003 – 20% – 40% or more
•Programs in 25+ states
•Utilities and state energy offices sponsoring
• Over 20 states considering using ARRA funds
to support activities, even more cities
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How can we increase the volume of
retrofits?
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ELIMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL HPwES Program
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Good News, Bad News
• The good news: With today’s best technologies and practices,
new homes can be at least 30% more efficient than code at no
additional cost to owners
• The better news: Technology advances will enable cost-neutral,
net-zero energy homes by 2020 (at least 60% more efficient than
code; balance of energy from onsite renewables)
• The bad news: Few homes are being built to these performance
levels because of lack of consumer awareness/market pull, and
unrealistic perceived increases in first cost
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What is the
Builders Challenge?
The Builders Challenge recognizes energy
leadership and enables excellence in homebuilding:
• The EnergySmart Home Scale (E-Scale) provides an
“MPG” display of superior energy performance
• Quality Criteria ensures optimal occupant health, safety,
and comfort with increase building durability
• Technical resources increase skills for high-performance,
high-quality homes
• Marketing tools and resources help gain recognition for
excellence
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EnergySmart Home Scale
The E-Scale: A market-tested method to measure and communicate
energy performance in homes.
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EnergySmart Home Scale
• Builders Challenge
qualified homes may use
a special E-Scale with
the Building
America/Builders
Challenge logo and
“meets the Builders
Challenge” banner.
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Key Elements
1.
Clear way to measure, verify, and convey home energy
performance
2.
Transparent process for builders of all sizes, in all regions, to
join the Challenge and be active
3.
Abundant technical and marketing resources enabling
builders to use “best practices” from Building America R&D
4.
Strong partnerships with associations, NGOs, states, brokers,
and researchers
5.
Increased consumer outreach to drive demand
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Technical and Marketing Resources
www.buildingamerica.gov
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Builders Challenge Accomplishments
• Almost 1700 homes labeled from 97 builders in ~ 1 year
• Participation of both small and national builders
• Over $1.5 million per year in energy cost savings
(based on HERS software calculations)
• Average HERS 63
• 5 NZEH or better from 4 builders
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Net Zero and Beyond
•
Five homes have been labeled
under the Builders Challenge
with HERS Indices ≤ 0.
•
Three of these homes have
been HERS negative (net
producers)
•
These homes are able to use the
E-scale to establish their homes
as the best energy performers
on the market.
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Builders Challenge Homes
Builders Challenge Homes Reach Net Zero in a Variety Of Ways
Price Range
Homes have been priced as high
end custom homes as well as
affordable homes
Size
Homes have ranged from 1200
to 4500 square feet of
conditioned Space
Climate
These homes have achieved net
zero energy in both heating and
cooling climates
Builder Background
Professional custom and
production builders, as well as a
university team have achieved
NZEH.
Energy Source
NZEH homes have been a mix of
all electric and gas/electric
homes, all with on-site
generation.
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NZEH Examples
Artistic Homes Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Offer net zero energy
guarantee
- The ZEH upgrade sells for
$42,500 to $61,900
depending on square footage
-
A 1400 SF home with the
complete zero energy
package starts at $207k
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NZEH Specifications – Artistic Homes
•
1,666 SF of conditioned space
•
Envelope:
–
–
–
–
–
•
HVAC
–
–
–
–
•
4.2 to 7 kW of PV (depending on home size)
Solar thermal hot water
Other
–
–
•
15 SEER, 9 HSPF Heat Pump
Energy recovery ventilator (ERV)
Jump ducts for pressure balancing
Ducts in conditioned space
Renewables
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–
•
R-21 blown insulation in walls
R-50 blown attic insulation
Advanced framing
Low-E, dual pane windows
Air sealing with spray foam & gaskets
LEED Platinum
Energy Star Indoor Air Quality Certification
Sold at an affordable price point
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NZEH Example – Yavapai College
•
1,207 SF of conditioned space
•
High efficiency thermal envelope
•
Energy Star appliances and
lighting
•
Solar light tube
•
Solar water heater
•
PV on-site generation
•
Worked with Habitat for
Humanity
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NZEH Example John Wesley Miller
• 2,457 SF of
conditioned space
• High efficiency thermal
envelope
• Air sealing
• Solar hot water
collector
• Tankless hot water
heater
• PV
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Raising the Bar
• Builders Challenge NZEH
homes push competitors toward
zero
• Encourage builders to adopt the
E-scale and Builders Challenge
• Encourage Challenge Builders
to lower their scores
• Shows builders and consumers
it’s within reach!
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Contact Information
Building America Web Site:
www.buildingamerica.gov
Builders Challenge Website:
www.buildingamerica.gov/challenge
Questions?
Edward Pollock
202-586-5778
[email protected]
Builders Challenge
301-889-0017
[email protected]
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