Transcript Cold Weather Climbout

Climbout Factor Guidance
The following departure procedure and climbout guidance supplements and clarifies AFI 11202 Vol 3 and AFM 11-217. It will be followed by all 86 FTS aircrews. ORM was utilized
to determine the safest course of action for any given takeoff situation. While the OffStation Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree will assist IPs in determining the safest course
of action, it is not a substitute for sound pilot judgment or common sense. If a situation
arises that is not addressed in this guidance, contact the 86 FTS SUP.
The following information supplements the Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree.
Notes
1. Authorized actions to meet required COF: 1) Change runways (if applicable), 2) Use 1500’
clean-up option, 3) Reduce fuel load, 4) Select zero-flap (Not authorized for student
approaches), 5) Select ACM-off (this should only be used for initial take off), and 6) Wait for
temperature to decrease.
2. Home airfield – Per LAFBI 11-201V4, in IMC or VMC, 2.5 climb gradient must be
maintained. Aircrews will fly runway heading and intercept 12 DME arc. Arc East climbing
to at least 3000’ MSL. This routing does not provide a significant buffer from obstacles.
Intercept final from the arc. If using this routing, the crew must immediately notify ATC of
the emergency and the intent to use this routing. This routing is not deconflicted with air
traffic in the area and may present a collision hazard if coordination is not made with ATC.
Climbout Factor Guidance
3. If using the 1500’ climbout profile with 10 flaps for initial takeoff or touch and goes,
crews may raise flaps at 400’ if both engines are operating normally.
4. The attached ORM Decision Tree will be used when planning initial takeoffs, touch and
goes, go-arounds and missed approaches while operating at other than Laughlin AFB.
5. When using the single engine climb gradient “postage stamp” to determine the COF for a
required climb gradient, the correct column must be used to ensure obstacle clearance. DOH
is a valid method of ensuring obstacle clearance with no published climb gradient. DOH is
an IFR altitude (MSA or MVA) minus 1000’, then take that number and subtract it from the
field elevation. If a climb gradient must be maintained above 400’ or 1500’ (e.g. up to the
minimum IFR altitude), then the “greater than” column (i.e. the right column) must be used.
The “less than” column (i.e. the left column) only guarantees a given climb gradient up to
400’ or 1500’ respectively. Crews must maintain the profile to a minimum of the MSA
minus 1000’.
6. When operating under day VMC conditions, aircrews may, with specific Sup approval,
reduce the climb gradient required by 48’/nm. The SUP cannot waive the trouble T. If using
this option crews will plan on returning to the departure field under VMC in the event an
engine fails shortly after takeoff. Crews must ensure they have a VFR chart to help visually
clear obstacles.
Profile to MSA minus 1000’
• Crews must maintain the profile to a minimum of
the MSA minus 1000’.
• So what does this mean to me?
• This means if you lose an engine on initial takoff
at S1 you will rotate to 10 degrees nose high, after
a positive rate gear up, maintain Vco to 400’(1500
option’) then level off accelerate to Vco+10 retract
flaps, accelerate to Vco+15 set MCT and climb to
the a safe IFR altitude as a minimum as long as
you plan to return the original departure field.
• Note: Securing the engine should not be
accomplished prior to reaching 400’ above airfield
elevation and clear of obstacles.
Off-Station Climbout Factor ORM Decision Tree
For Initial Takeoff, Go-Arounds, Touch-n-goes, and Missed Approaches**
Can 200 ft/nm or the published climb gradient,
whichever is higher, be met one engine inoperative?
No
Yes
Continue Mission
Have all authorized actions to meet required climb gradient
been considered? (See Note 1)
Yes
No
Is there a published climb gradient?
Evaluate/apply approved actions in
(i.e. Trouble T)
Note 1 to meet required climb gradient
Yes
No
If 48 feet/NM is subtracted from published climb gradient,
can reduced gradient be achieved.
No
Yes
Can 2.5 gradient (152’/NM) be achieved
No
Yes
Discontinue mission until more
favorable conditions exist.
SUP approval required. Squadron Supervisor may approve takeoff if the following conditions are met:
- Calculated COF must provide a climb gradient equal to or
greater than published climb gradient minus 48 feet or
152’/NM to minimum IFR altitude
- VFR chart of terrain is available and crew is aware of
obstacle location
-VMC to min IFR altitude (MSA, MVA, etc)
- If IMC departure is required, the DO (or CC) must
approve the planned actions
- Crew must consider DOH, known obstacles, and planned
departure routing
** All calculated climbout factors assume one engine inoperative
Cold Weather Climbout
General Knowledge
Introduction
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Climbout Requirements
Cold Weather
Second Segment Climb
Example Problem (Midland, TX)
Conclusion
Climbout Requirements
• IFR climbs require 200 feet/NM (3.3 %
gradient)
• VFR climbs require 152 feet/NM (2.5 %
gradient)
Cold Weather
• Icing may require use of engine anti-ice on the
ground
– If required, engine anti-ice can reduce engine
performance resulting up to 2.0 reduction in COF
• Icing may require use of wing and engine anti-ice
at or above 400 feet AGL.
– Degradation of climb performance is accounted for in
“Minimum Climbout Factor Required” Charts
Second Segment Climb
• If anti-ice is required during the climb
profile, you must use the second segment
climb to determine your climbout factor that
is required.
– The second column of the postage stamp (or
climb >400 feet)
Example Problem
• Midland, TX
– Weather
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5oC
Broken at 600 feet AGL
1 SM visibility with mist
Calm winds
Altimeter 29.92
– COF required is approximately 3.3 (must subtract 2.0
for engine anti-ice reduction) = 5.3 effective COF
– COF achieved is a 4.8 flap 10… ACM OFF and Anti
Ice ON is not allowed.
– 5.6 is achieved with flap 0!
Charts for Example
Charts for Example
Charts for Example
152 FT/NM or 200 FT/NM –
You must use the second
segment climb to determine
your overall climb
performance.
Charts for Example
Charts for Example
Conclusion
• Pay attention to your icing requirements
– If icing requires use of anti-ice during the initial
climb to minimum IFR altitude, use the second
segment climb (or right column in the postage
stamp)
• Be aware of the NOTES associated with our
commonly used performance charts
• Climbout only gets more difficult in the
winter!!!