Transcript Cost & Effectiveness Study of IIEP Training Modalities

A Review for Norad:
Education in Fragile Situations
Christine Smith Ellison & Alan Smith, University of Ulster
Oslo, 31 October 2013
Terms of Reference
 Brief overview of key concepts
 Overview of the key actors and their priorities and strategies
within the field of education in fragile situations.
 Identification of best practices within the field of education in
fragile situations
 Analysis of Norway’s current work on education in fragile
situations
 Identify key issues that need to be addressed in order to
strengthen education in fragile situations.
Fragility: a contested concept
‘A fragile region or state has weak capacity to carry out
basic governance functions, and lacks the ability to
develop mutually constructive relations with society.
Fragile states are also more vulnerable to internal or
external shocks such as economic crises or natural
disasters. More resilient states exhibit the capacity
and legitimacy of governing a population and its
territory. They can manage and adapt to changing
social needs and expectations, shifts in elite and other
political agreements, and growing institutional
complexity. Fragility and resilience should be seen as
shifting points along a spectrum’ (OECD, 2012)
Norway’s Policy Framework
 Norway’s Humanitarian Policy (2008-2013)
Plus three White Papers:
 Climate, Conflict and Capital (2008-2009)
 Norway and the United Nations: Common Future,
Common Solutions (2011-2012)
 Sharing for Prosperity: Promoting democracy, fair
distribution and growth in development policy (2012-2013)
Norway’s Strategy: main implications
• Education should be prioritised in humanitarian assistance.
• Norwegian aid to education is primarily channelled through
multilateral organisations.
• Norway will move issues of significant political priority higher up
on the agenda by providing funding to, and participating actively
on, the governing boards of multilateral organisations.
• In countries that are able to demonstrate priority to the
education sector, Norway’s Policy is to integrate funding for
education into general budget support.
• Education should be explicitly linked to efforts to increase
equitable distribution and growth.
Norway’s New Coalition Government
 Take a global leadership role in the field of Education for All.
 Further develop Norwegian efforts in global health, particularly health of
women and children.
 Prioritise thematic areas such as human rights, poverty
reduction, development of civil society and good governance, as well
as humanitarian aid.
 Priority will be given to girl’s education in poor countries.
Summary of Norwegian ODA 2010-2012, NOK 1000
Total Support
Humanitarian
Aid
Total
ODA
Chapters 163.70 and 163.71
All Aid
8,426,726
80,721,283
Total to Education
85,354
4,741,765
Total to Education in
Fragility
55,327
1,284,193
ODA to Education in Fragile Situations by Region 2010-2012
700
637
600
NOK Million
500
394
400
300
200
138
90
100
24
0
Africa
America
Asia
Europe
Middle East
Norwegian ODA to Education in Fragile Situations
(NOK 1000), 2010-2012
ODA to Education
ODA to Education in
Fragile Situations
2,511,945
114,577
Support to
Governments
369,793
316,942
Civil Society
Organisations
1,084,429
625,628
Total
4,741,765
1,284,193
Multilaterals
Norwegian support to multilaterals, 2010-2012
Norwegian
contribution to
education
‘global unspecified’
NOK 1000
UNICEF
Amount NOK 1000
and (%) to education in
fragile situations
(estimates)
1,550,000
868,000 (56%)
GPE
527,500
211,000 (40%)
UNESCO
138,400
Norwegian Support to UNESCO, 2010-2012
Breakdown of funding to UNESCO
International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)
Amount (NOK 1000)
46,050
UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (UIL)
7,500
International Bureau of Education (IBE)
4,000
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)
Education for All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report
Capacity Development for EFA (CapEFA)
Education: Post-conflict and post disaster (PCPD)
External evaluation of UNESCO
Total
12,000
9,000
57,200
2,200
450
138,400
Norwegian funding to Multilaterals, 2010-12
not recorded as ‘education’
Norwegian
Contribution
‘global unspecified’
NOK 1000
OCHA core
Amount NOK 1000
and (%) to education
(rough estimates)
424,000
Pooled funds
CERF
CHF
ERF
1,221,247
618,694
123,093
UNHCR
Not earmarked
Earmarked
Total
905,000
494,900
1,399,900
(1.2%)
(6.0%)
(1.7%)
53,000 (4%)
Norwegian support to governments, (1000 NOK), 2010-12
Support to education
Amount provided as
support to government
Nepal
191,082
155,412
Palestine
138,196
70,650
Pakistan
88,432
45,000
Burundi
48,607
41,000
Aid to Education in Fragile Situations through the
Civil Society Department by Country, 2010-2012
Eritrea
0.5
0.8
2.7
5.1
Kenya
Palestine
5.6
Zimbabwe
9.6
2.5
South Sudan
Uganda
20.0
17.4
12.4
3.4
Somalia
Nepal
12.8
Bangladesh
1.2
Afghanistan
0
5.4
34.1
78.2
21.2
29.9
5.6
20
40
NOK Million
60
80
Education Sectors Supported through the Civil Society
Department 2010-2012
Early Childhood Development
3.6
Life skills for Youth and Adults
30
Primary education
239
0
50
100
150
NOK Million
200
250
300
Funding allocated to civil society organisations through the
earmarked fund (1000 NOK), 2013
Civil Society Organisation
Save the Children Norway
Adventist Development and Relief Agency
(ADRA)
Right to Play
Digni
Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)
Strømme Foundation
Norwegian Students’ and Academics’
International Assistance Fund (SAIH)
Atlas Alliance
Plan Norway
Caritas
Rahma
Total
Amount received
26,700
10,000
10,000
9,000
9,000
8,000
5,500
4,040
3,600
1,700
1,000
88,540
Norwegian Humanitarian Aid to Education 2010-2012 (NOK 1000)
Humanitarian aid to education
(NOK million)
70
60
50
Education activities
coded as other
40
Activities coded as
education
30
20
10
0
2010
2011
2012
Funding for Education Activities supported through the
Humanitarian Budget (NOK 1000), 2010-2012
Human Rights education
83
Basic education in displacement
32
School reconstruction
21
Teacher Training
14
Sport and Play
5
Skills training
3
Education Research
2
Programme Support
2
Early Childhood
2
Life Skills
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
NOK million
60
70
80
90
Norway, total ODA, 2010-2012
NOK 80.72 billion/ USD 13.76 billion
NOK 8.42 billion is Humanitarian Aid (less than10%)
Total ODA to Education
NOK 4.74 billion/ USD 0.8 billion
(just under 6% of all ODA goes to Education)
Multilaterals
Governments
Civil Society CSOs
NOK 2.51 billion
(53%)
of ODA to education
NOK 0.37 billion
(8%)
of ODA to education
NOK 1.08 billion
(23%)
of ODA to education
NOK 625 million
NOK 316 million
NOK 114 million
(13%) of all
(7%) of all
(2% traceable or 25%
ODA to education goes
ODA to education goes
estimated) goes to
to fragile situations
to fragile situations
fragile situations
Other Channels (Norway public sector, private sector, consultancies..)
NOK 227 million (5%) of all ODA to education goes to fragile situations
Humanitarian Aid to Education in Fragile Situations
NOK 85 million (1% of Humanitarian Aid) – DAC coded
Recommendations
1
Make clearer agreements with multilaterals about
education priorities in fragile situations
2
Ensure the amount of humanitarian aid
to education meets a target of 4%
3
Encourage the allocation of more funds to the
education of refugees and IDPs
4
Bridge the humanitarian – development gap
in fragile and conflict affected situations
5
Support the development of
conflict sensitive education plans
6
Clarify Norway’s position on the
role of education in peacebuilding
Recommendations
7
Continue funding the GMR and maintain a
focus on education inequalities in fragile situations
8
Clarify the added-value of channelling support
through governments in fragile situations
9
Prioritise funding to support the achievement of
Education for All in fragile situations
10
Channel more funding towards secondary education
and teacher quality in fragile situations
11
Increase funding to civil society organisations
to work with youth in fragile situations
12
Introduce a marker that tags education
more clearly in the monitoring system
Thank you!