Transcript Hi Rebecca, the INTRO ON THIS PAGE LINKS TO THE TRAINING

Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP)
Exposure Control Program
For
Facilities Services Workers
At UNC Chapel Hill
In accordance with
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
29 CFR 1910.1030
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
1
INTRODUCTION
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
2
Here are important phone numbers you need to know related to this training module:
Important Contact Numbers
UEOHC (Clinic):
966-9119
Emergency:
911
Questions regarding this training:
962-5507
We will review these numbers again during the training and we will learn when to use
them.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
3
Why is bloodborne pathogen training required
every year?
1. It’s the law
2. It’s UNC’s responsibility
3. Knowing this
information can protect
your health and the
health of others
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
4
1. It’s the law
The Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) is a federal
agency charged with enforcing
health and safety legislation. OSHA
makes sure that employers such as
UNC keep you, the Facilities Services
Worker, safe from workplace
hazards. Some occupations at UNC
are more likely to come into contact
with hazards than others. The
hazards we are concerned about in
this program are germs called
“bloodborne pathogens.”
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
5
1. It’s the law (continued)
Human blood and body fluids may contain bloodborne pathogens. So could materials
or waste from certain laboratories. The germs are called bloodborne pathogens
because they get into your blood (mostly by puncturing your skin) and make you
sick.
On March 6, 1992 OSHA created the Bloodborne Pathogen (BBP) Standard to make
sure all employers work to keep their workers safe from bloodborne pathogens.
A copy of the actual Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is available at the OSHA website:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARD
S&p_id=10051 or by contacting EHS.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
6
2. It’s UNC’s responsibility
Employers like UNC demonstrate they are
following the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
by implementing an Exposure Control Plan.
The Exposure Control Plan lists the steps the
employer is taking to keep workers safe. It is
the plan to control every worker’s exposure to
bloodborne pathogens.
This training reviews UNC’s Exposure Control Plan
for members of the Facilities Services
department who are expected to have jobrelated exposures to bloodborne pathogens.
Housekeeping staff have a separate exposure
control plan and should refer to that document
at www.ehs.unc.edu/ih/biological/bbp.shtml .
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
7
2. It’s UNC’s responsibility (continued)
All UNC employees identified with the
potential for occupational exposure
must be familiar with the Exposure
Control Plan. They must know its
location and comply with the
Exposure Control Plan by completing
bloodborne pathogens training every
year and obtaining or declining the
Hepatitis B vaccination.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
8
3. Knowing this information can
protect your health and the health of
others
Facilities Services workers are potentially exposed to bloodborne
pathogens when they repair equipment or handle materials
without a Safety Clearance Form as part of normal job duties in
laboratories, clinics, or morgues. These areas also contain waste
that may contain bloodborne pathogens .
To access the EHS approved Safety
Clearance Form, click HERE.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
9
3. Knowing this information can protect
your health and the health of others
(continued)
Some buildings on campus are more likely than
others to have BSL-2 laboratories and clinics.
Brinkhous Bullitt also contains the morgue.
In these areas, Facilities Services Workers
may encounter contaminated needles,
broken glass, or other contaminated
laboratory materials or equipment.
Facilities Services Workers may be requested to
work on plumbing fixtures that may be
contaminated with biological waste.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
10
EXPOSURE DETERMINATION FOR
FACILITIES SERVICES WORKERS (excluding
Housekeeping)
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
11
How do I determine
“Occupational Exposure”?
The OSHA definition of Occupational Exposure is
Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane or
parenteral contact with blood or other potentially
infectious materials that may result from the performance
of an employee’s job duties.
*Parenteral contact is:
piercing mucous membranes
or skin barrier through
needlesticks, human bites,
cuts and abrasions.
…for definitions of
blood or OPIM (other
potentially infectious
materials), read on
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
12
What are
Other Potentially Infectious Materials?
Bloodborne pathogens live and grow best in human blood. However, other
human body fluids also may carry these germs. When making an Exposure
Determination, Facilities Services Workers must also consider that these
fluids are able to provide an environment for bloodborne pathogens to live
and grow:
…so if you may come into
•Semen
contact with this material
as part of my job
•Vaginal secretions
description, you need to
•Any fluid surrounding organs in the body
be enrolled in the
•Saliva in dental procedures
Bloodborne Pathogens
program.
Also considered Other Potentially Infectious Materials are:
•Any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood;
•All body fluids when it is difficult to differentiate between body fluids;
•Any unfixed organ or tissue from a human, living or dead (clinics & morgues) and;
•Other experimental human material (from laboratories) whether purposely infected
or otherwise.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
13
Exposure Determination
EHS, in cooperation with Facilities Services,
identifies and tracks the status of
occupational exposure determinations to
bloodborne pathogens according to the
OSHA Standard for all Facilities Services
employees according to job duties and/or
location.
Each determination must be made without
regard to use of personal protective
equipment and should be conducted upon
orientation and “no later than 10 days
after the date of employment” (OSHA).
This determination must made
without regard to use of PPE.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
14
Exposure Determination
All Facilities Services
Positions must have a
completed Appendix C
of the Hazards
Management Plan
returned to EHS for
enrollment in the UNC
Bloodborne Pathogens
program within 10
days from the date of
hire.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
15
The following questions aid in making an Exposure Determination for Facilities
Services trades workers:
1. Does the Facility Services employee work as part of a spill clean-up crew for blood,
sewage, or other potentially infectious materials?
2. Is the Facilities Services employee expected to handle or otherwise manipulate the
following items without a Safety Clearance Form as part of their job duties:
•
•
•
•
Biohazard Waste
Plumbing from a BSL-2 or BSL-3 laboratory, clinic or morgue.
Lab equipment from a BSL-2 or BSL-3 laboratory, clinic or morgue.
Lab equipment or materials labeled with the biohazard warning label or
labeled with a red bag bearing the biohazard warning symbol
3. Do the job duties of the Facility Services employee require him/her to otherwise
come in contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials?
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
16
• As a Facilities Services Worker, if you have
concerns about your exposure to bloodborne
pathogens, you should discuss them with your
supervisor and EHS.
• Your supervisor and EHS can help determine
ways to make your job safer.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
17
GENERAL RISKS AND TRANSMISSION
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
18
Epidemiology
Simply put, epidemiology is the science of tracking the spread of disease
among a population.
The population of concern in this training is
Facilities Services workers who are potentially
exposed to bloodborne pathogens at UNC-CH.
And the diseases of concern here are those
caused by bloodborne pathogens.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
19
What are Bloodborne Pathogens?
Bloodborne Pathogens are germs that live and
grow best in human material. They enter your
body through a puncture in your skin or through
your eyes, nose or mouth.
Many diseases are linked to bloodborne
pathogens, but few bloodborne pathogens
are frequently responsible for infections in the
workplace.
OSHA defines bloodborne pathogens as:
Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human
blood that can cause disease in humans.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
20
Only workers with documented training in bloodborne pathogens should handle the
clean up of this type of spill or work in these areas.
As part of this training, the worker should know some basic concepts about these
diseases so that s/he can discuss them with a supervisor, family members, and a
doctor.
The risks and infections of the following
bloodborne pathogens will be
discussed in this training:
• hepatitis B virus (HBV)
• hepatitis C virus (HCV)
• human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
21
Hepatitis B virus
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
22
Viral Hepatitis
“Hepatitis” means inflammation
of the liver. Viral hepatitis is
inflammation of the liver caused
by a virus.
Your liver helps your body digest
food, store energy, and get rid of
poisons. It acts as a filtration
system for your body.
As the filter begins to fail,
impurities build up in your body
and symptoms can occur such as
jaundice (yellowing color of the
skin and eyes), dark urine,
extreme fatigue, anorexia,
nausea, abdominal pain, and
sometimes joint pain, rash, and
fever.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
23
In the United States,
HCV is the most
common type
related to
occupational
exposure to
bloodborne
pathogens.
Viral Hepatitis
5 types:
• Hep A
• Hep B Virus (HBV)
• Hep C Virus (HCV)
• Hep D
• Hep E
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
24
Hepatitis B in the U.S.
Annually, there are 10,000 new cases of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reported in the U.S.,
with an estimated one to two million carriers of HBV.
The hepatitis B virus takes about 2 months to show up in your blood. It may stay in
your blood for months or years. Nine out of every 10 adults will get rid of the
virus from their bodies after a few months. We say they have acute hepatitis B.
One out of every 10 adults will never get rid of the virus from their bodies. We
say they have chronic hepatitis B. They are called carriers.
Most people with chronic hepatitis B will remain carriers of the virus if they do not get treated.
The best things carriers can do is make sure their babies get all of their hepatitis B shots,
make sure they do not spread it to their sex partners, and get good medical care.
(Source: www.cdc.gov)
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
25
Hepatitis B Vaccination
A safe and effective vaccine to prevent
Hepatitis B has been available since 1982.
All UNC employees enrolled in this
Bloodborne Pathogens program must meet
the requirements for Hepatitis B vaccination
or sign a declination.
OSHA requires that vaccination or
declination be made
available within 10 working days
of initial assignment.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
26
Do you still need to schedule or decline the Hepatitis B vaccine?
This requirement needs to be met within 10 working days after your exposure determination is made.
The vaccine is offered by UNC at no cost to you.
To obtain the Hepatitis B vaccination, complete these steps:
1. Fill out the Hepatitis B vaccination consent form available here.
2. If you don't have a medical record number, call 966-2555 to get one.
3. Schedule your appointment with the University Employee Occupational Health Clinic at 966-9119.
To Decline the Hepatitis B vaccination: Complete this form and follow the directions on the form to submit it
to the University Employee Occupational Health Clinic.
Go on, do
it now.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
27
Hepatitis C Virus
Hepatitis C virus is the most
frequently occurring
bloodborne pathogen
infection. At least 85 out of
100 people infected with HCV
become chronically infected,
and chronic liver disease
develops in an average of 67
out of 100.
Symptoms include jaundice, loss
of appetite, fatigue,
intermittent nausea,
abdominal pain and vomiting.
A healthy and diseased
human liver
There is no vaccine for Hepatitis
C.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
28
--Common Practice--
Wash Your Hands Often!
Wash your hands with soap and water for 20 Seconds. The suds scrub
dirt and germs away. Wash your hands front and back and between the
fingers. Soap up your wrists too.
•Hands are to be washed immediately or as soon as feasible after
removal of gloves or other personal protective equipment.
•Use a utility or restroom sink for handwashing, do not use sinks in
food preparation areas.
•If handwashing facilities are not immediately available use
antiseptic hand cleanser and/or disposable wipes for the short
term...
•…but wash your hands as soon as handwashing facilities are
available.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
29
HIV
The clinical symptoms of HIV infection ranges
from those who have no symptoms to
those with severe immunodeficiency or
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS).
Initial infection can be followed by an
acute flu-like illness with non-specific
symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph
nodes, rash, malaise, sore throat, and
headache.
Other symptoms can include anorexia,
chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue.
Opportunistic infections and malignant
diseases without a known cause for
immune deficiency can also be indicative.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
30
HIV
HIV is a fragile virus. It cannot live for very long outside the body. As a
result, the virus is not transmitted through day-to-day activities
such as shaking hands, hugging, or a casual kiss. You cannot
become infected from a toilet seat, drinking fountain, doorknob,
dishes, drinking glasses, food, or pets. You also cannot get HIV from
mosquitoes.
HIV can enter the
bloodstream similarly to
HBV: if potentially
infectious materials (like
blood) come into contact
with an unprotected break
in your skin such as an
open wound, acne, rash,
etc. or if you experience a
splash into your eyes
and/or nose.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
31
As a properly trained UNC employee, when you
come into contact with any material that you
suspect is contaminated with human blood,
body fluids, or OPIM, keep this information in
mind. It will help you understand the
importance of the following sections in this
document.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
32
REPORTING AN INCIDENT AT UNC
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
33
REPORTING AN INCIDENT AT UNC
Now that we’ve discussed
what it means to be
exposed, let’s look what
to do in the event of a
potential exposure.
An important part of this training program is to make sure all employees know (1) if they have
an exposure incident and (2) what to do after they have an exposure incident. An exposure
incident could happen three ways:
1. When blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) get into an unprotected break in
your skin, open wound, acne, rash or scratch.
2. When blood or OPIM splashes or gets into your eyes, nose, or mouth; or
3. If you are cut or stuck by an object (it must break the skin) that is contaminated with blood
or OPIM.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
34
What is a BBP Exposure?
The OSHA Definition:
“A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, non-intact skin or
parenteral contact with blood or OPIM that results from the
performance of an employee’s duties.”
BBP Exposure = Blood, OPIM
contact with: Eye,
Nose,
Also, remember:
Mouth,
Shaving cut,
UNC requires you to report ANY
rash, etc.
incident resulting in injury from
the performance of your duties.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
35
What to do for needlesticks, cuts from contaminated objects, animal bites or
scratches:
1.
Remove contaminated gloves and if possible, allow the wound to
bleed freely for a minute.
2.
Wash the wound with soap
and water for 5 minutes and
apply sterile gauze or a
bandage, if necessary.
3.
Decontaminate and remove
protective clothing and
proceed immediately to
UEOHC or call HealthLink. If
the injury requires
immediate medical
attention, go to the
Emergency Room.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
36
What to do for splash to eyes, nose, or mouth:
1.
2.
3.
Rinse the area with
continuous clean running
water.
Eyes should be irrigated for
at least 5 minutes using an
emergency eyewash station
if available or a sink.
Decontaminate and remove
protective clothing and
proceed immediately to
UEOHC or call HealthLink.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
37
Report Exposures Immediately
Immediately report the incident to your supervisor and/or call the University
Employee Occupational Health (UEOHC) at 6-9119.
Emergency Contact Numbers
UEOHC Clinic:
966-9119
Emergency:
911
After any exposure event during work hours, employees must be seen by
the University Employee Occupational Health Clinic (UEOHC) for
treatment and documentation of exposure.
After hours, all calls to the UEOHC are routed to HealthLink (966-6900)
through UNC Hospitals. You should request that the MD on call for UEOHC
after hours bloodborne pathogen exposures be called. The on-call MD will
determine the need for immediate treatment and if needed, direct the
worker to meet him/her in the ER, or otherwise arrange for appropriate
blood tests to be drawn and medications to be dispensed.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
38
Post-Exposure Evaluation
Following the incident, UNC will
provide you with a post exposure
medical evaluation.
This evaluation may include:
• Documenting routes of exposure
• Documenting circumstances of
the incident
• Identifying sources of
contamination
• Blood tests with consent from
employee
• Post exposure prophylaxis and
counseling
Employees are not billed for work-related injuries and medical records are kept
separate and confidential from performance reviews.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
39
Spill Clean Up for Bloodborne
Pathogen Training
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
40
Bloodborne Pathogens Spills
Spills may occur when an injured person drips blood on the floor, when
sewage overflows, or when containers of blood or other potentially
infectious materials (OPIM) are dropped in the clinic or laboratory.
Employees designated to participate in emergency and decontamination
procedures are exposed to blood or OPIM; they are to be thoroughly
familiar with proper cleaning and decontamination procedures so that the
contamination is contained and exposure to other people is minimized.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
41
Remember Your Sharps Precautions
During a Spill
Contaminated broken glassware is cleaned up by mechanical means (e.g.
tongs, forceps, pieces of cardboard).
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
42
BBP Spill Clean Up Kits typically include:
–
–
–
–
–
1 pair disposable latex gloves,
1 disposable faceshield,
1 disposable face mask,
1 pair disposable shoe covers,
1 disposable apron, 1
absorbent pack (w/ MSDS),
–
–
–
–
–
–
2 disposable towelettes (w/ MSDS),
2 scoops/scrapers,
2 biohazard bags with ties,
1 disposable towel,
1 instruction sheet,
1 can 12 oz. Disinfectant spray (w/
MSDS)
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
43
Spill Clean Up…
--Steps--
First, evacuate the area and allow 30 minutes for
germs in the air to settle prior to spill cleanup.
Locate the Blood and Bodily Fluid Clean-Up Kit.
Instructions are located on the inside top lid.
Instructions are in English and Spanish.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
44
Spill Clean Up…
1. Open the kit and put on the
following Personal Protection
Equipment (PPE):
• Disposable exam gloves
• Disposable face mask
• Disposable face shield
• Disposable apron (unfold
apron fully)
• Disposable shoe covers
1.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
45
Spill Clean Up…
2. Open clean-up
absorbent pack and
sprinkle entire contents
of absorbent material
evenly over bodily fluid
spill (will absorb 80-100
times its weight).
2.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
46
Spill Clean Up…
3. After the spill gels (1-2
minutes), use
scoop/scraper to pick up
material and put into Red
Biohazard Bag and tie shut.
Keep Personal Protection
Equipment on.
3.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
47
Spill Clean Up…
--Steps--
Follow the directions to apply the enclosed
disinfectant (OSHA recommends a
disinfectant registered to kill tuberculosis –
e.g. phenolic) over the spill area and allow
for the contact time indicated on the
product.
4.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
48
Spill Clean Up…
5. Use disposable
wiping cloth to wipe
up all the
disinfectant, and
then discard in
second Red Biohazrd
Plastic Bag.
5.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
49
Spill Clean Up…
6. Place all items including
PPE and first Red
Biohazard Plastic Bag into
the second Red Biohazard
Plastic Bag. To minimize
contamination to your
face, remove PPE in the
following order: (1)
disposable shoe covers;
(2) disposable apron and;
(3) disposable exam
gloves.
6.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
50
Spill Clean Up…
--Steps--
7. To minimize contamination to your face use antiseptic towelettes to clean
hands before removing the disposable face shield and, lastly, the disposable
face mask.
Decontaminate
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
hands before&putting
them to the
5 p.m.
face
51
Spill Clean Up…
• Close the red/orange
biohazard bag securely with
twist tie to prevent leakage.
Contact EHS to dispose of the
waste in accordance with
local regulations . Finally,
wash hands as soon as
possible.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
52
What to do with Biohazard Waste after
You Clean Up a Spill
Never throw untreated biohazard waste in the regular trash!
The disposal of this waste generated on the UNC campus is
subject to federal, state, and local regulations and University
policies. After spill clean-up is complete and you have closed
the red/orange biohazard bag securely with twist tie to
prevent leakage, place the waste in a low traffic area and
contact your supervisor.
The supervisor is responsible for contacting the Department of
Environment, Health and Safety at 962-5507. After the
location and other pertinent information is given, EHS will
remove the waste for proper disposal.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
53
Biohazard Waste
Often, Biohazard waste and sharps are generated and collected in
research labs on UNC campus. Researchers are responsible
for properly treating this waste according to procedures
outlined in the UNC Biological Waste Disposal Policy.
Most researchers treat their waste in an autoclave, a machine
that acts like a large pressure cooker to steam sterilize the
waste.
Autoclaving is the most dependable
procedure for the destruction of all
forms of germs including bloodborne
pathogens. Prior to autoclaving,
autoclave tape is placed over the
biohazard symbol in an “x” pattern. This
special tape initially looks like masking
tape, but after it has been exposed to
heat and moisture it changes color to
indicate that treatment has occurred.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
54
Biohazard Waste
It is UNC policy that facilities workers never handle waste from
a laboratory that has not yet been treated by the lab
workers. If the waste is to be relocated, contact the lab or
contact EHS (962-5507). Never handle untreated waste
that is not in the white removal bins. Once the waste has
been treated, the waste is placed in large white trash bins
that indicate (1) the waste has been properly treated and,
(2) the waste is ready for removal from this site.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
55
PREVENTING INCIDENTS AT UNC
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
56
PREVENTING INCIDENTS AT UNC
Now that we’ve
discussed how to
respond in the event of a
potential exposure, let’s
look at how to protect
ourselves and others
from exposure.
Make sure you know what’s expected to prevent exposures and protect the
campus community. It all starts with universal precautions.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
57
In the mid-1980s, health care facilities began adopting “universal precautions” against
exposure to body fluids. These were followed in 1992 with the OSHA BBP Standard.
(Source: CDC [2002a].)
These measures were included in annual training requirements
and reduced incidents of work-related Hepatitis B infections.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
58
What are Universal Precautions?
Universal Precautions is the basis of every Bloodborne Pathogens
training program. It is a simple approach to protecting yourself on
the job.
Because an Exposure Determination has already been made for your
position, whenever you suspect the material is contaminated with
bloodborne pathogens, you always respond as if bloodborne
pathogens are present.
This means that if you anticipate human blood, body fluids (except
sweat), or OPIM, you always wear appropriate personal protective
equipment and follow the specific requirements designated for
Facilities Services employees. You also follow universal precautions
when handling equipment or material with a biohazard label.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
59
Biohazard Labels
Biohazard labels are used to alert others of
the potential presence of biohazardous
materials such as human blood, body
fluids, and OPIM.
These labels are fluorescent orange or
red/orange with contrasting letters and
have the universal biohazard symbol.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
60
Biohazard Labels
At UNC, biohazard labels are commonly used on:
•
•
•
•
Containers of biohazard waste
Refrigerators and freezers used to store human specimens
Containers used to store, transport and ship human specimens
Any equipment that could be potentially contaminated with human blood,
OPIM, and other material that could allow bloodborne pathogens to live or to
grow.
We use the biohazard symbol at UNC to provide a method for hazard
communication between lab workers, visiting professors, Facilities Services
workers, Housekeeping personnel, vendors, and others who may come into
between 8 a.m.
contact with this material. Questions?? Call 962-0227
& 5 p.m.
61
Biohazard Labels
The Universal Biohazard Symbol may be posted
on entryways to laboratories on campus.
These laboratories are called Biosafety
Level 2 or BSL-2 labs. Posted BSL-2 areas
are laboratories designated to work with
bloodborne pathogens or with material
that may allow germs that cause illness to
humans, including bloodborne pathogens.
It is safe to enter areas that are labeled with a
BIOHAZARD symbol. DO NOT handle
anything labeled as biohazardous in these
areas without special training. For
example, it is very important that all open
sores are covered and protected if work is
required in these areas. Wear gloves and
face protection when working in areas
where contact with blood or OPIM is
possible. Untreated waste in orange or red
autoclave bags should never be handled by
Facilities Services workers in BSL-2 areas.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
62
The OSHA Standard requires employers like UNC
to minimize hazards to workers. These
precautions are commonly called “controls.”
Facilities Services Workers must observe certain
“controls” according to the bloodborne
pathogen exposure control plan at UNC such
as engineering controls and work practice
controls.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
63
Engineering controls are equipment or devices
used to control exposures and at UNC include
sharps disposal containers, safer needle
devices, and biological safety cabinets.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
64
Engineering Controls
Engineering Controls are designed to
minimize the impact of human errors
when we are handling material that
may contain bloodborne pathogens.
Let’s face it, no matter
how good we think our
technique is, we are
bound to have a bad
day once in a while and
make a mistake.
Engineering Controls specifically
isolate or remove the hazard from the
workplace.
Facilities Services workers should be familiar with three engineering controls
used at UNC that isolate or remove the hazard of bloodborne pathogens:
1.
2.
3.
Sharps disposal containers
Safe needle devices
Biological safety cabinets
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
65
Disposal of Biohazard Waste: SHARPS
Because percutaneous exposure (through the skin) is a primary route of transmission
of bloodborne pathogens, extreme caution should be taken with contaminated
needles or sharp instruments.
Needles/contaminated sharps:
• Must never be bent, recapped or
removed unless there is no
alternative
• May only be recapped using a
mechanical device or one
handed technique
• Must never be sheared or broken
66
Needles & Sharps Precautions
Contaminated sharps must be
placed in hard walled plastic
containers labeled with the
biohazard symbol as shown.
When the container is no more than
2/3 full, place autoclave indicator
tape over the biohazard symbol in
an “X” pattern as shown.
Containers must be placed in
biohazard bag prior to autoclaving.
67
Safer Needle Devices
• When possible, safer needle
devices should be used in the
laboratory.
• Some examples of safer devices
(including animation of how they
work) can be found on the OSHA
website at the Safer Needles
Section:
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ho
spital/hazards/sharps/sharps.html#Sa
fer
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
68
Biological Safety Cabinets
Biological Safety Cabinets are used in
laboratories when conducting
procedures with a potential for creating
aerosols or splashes of blood/OPIM.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
69
Work Practice Controls
Work Practice Controls specifically reduce the likelihood of exposure by
altering the manner in which a task is performed.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
70
Hand washing. Hands are to be washed
immediately or as soon as feasible after
removal of gloves or other personal
protective equipment. Use a utility or
restroom sink for handwashing, do not use
sinks in food preparation areas. If
handwashing facilities are not immediately
available use antiseptic hand cleanser
and/or disposable wipes. Wash your hands
as soon as handwashing facilities are
available.
Prevent Ingestion. Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or
lip balm, and handling contact lenses are prohibited during duties
where there is reasonable likelihood of occupational exposure to
blood or other potentially infectious material or in BSL-2 areas.
Storage of food and drink is prohibited in refrigerators, freezers,
shelves, cabinets or on countertops or bench tops where blood or
other potentially infectious materials are present.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
71
Sharps Precautions. Disposing of sharps in the proper container helps keep
others safe. Remember, any contaminated object that can penetrate the
skin, including needles, scalpels and glass objects requires extra attention.
Contaminated needles. Contaminated needles are not
to be bent, broken, recapped, or removed from the
syringe. If you have no way to tell if the needle is
contaminated or not, use Universal Precautions:
assume the needle is contaminated. Contaminated
needles are to be placed in the red plastic sharps
containers described previously and autoclaved before
disposal.
Broken glassware which may be contaminated with human blood or OPIM must not
be collected directly with the hands. Wear gloves and use tongs or a brush and dust
pan. While small shards of contaminated broken glass can be placed into the sharps
cans identified above, large contaminated broken glass items must be autoclaved
separately in a hard-walled container (such as a cardboard box) lined with an orange
biohazard bag bearing an autoclave tape indicator “x”. The autoclaved glass waste is
to be disposed of in a larger cardboard box lined with a plastic bag, clearly marked
with the "GLASS AND SHARPS" label.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
72
Work Practice Controls
Minimize Splashes. Your technique is important.
Germs can spread more readily when we cause
splashing, spraying, spattering, and airborne
droplets of blood or other potentially infectious
materials. A good approach to cleaning a spill of
material that minimizes spread by airborne
droplets is to: (1) place paper towels over the spill
site, and then (2) douse the area with
disinfectant. This will reduce further splashing
any potentially infectious material.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
73
PPE
Personal protective
equipment (PPE) is
specialized clothing or
equipment worn by an
employee for protection
against a hazard.
General work clothes
(including uniforms) are
not PPE.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
74
PPE
Whenever your duties create
the potential for exposure to
blood or OPIM, personal
protective equipment such as
gloves and eye protection for
cleaning spills must be
available and utilized.
It is UNC’s responsibility as an
employer to provide PPE in
the appropriate sizes that is
readily accessible to your
worksite or issued to you as a
properly trained employee.
If a garment(s) is penetrated
by blood or OPIM, the
garment(s) must be removed
immediately or as soon as
feasible.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
75
PPE
All PPE must be removed
and placed in a
designated container
(for storage,
decontamination, or
disposal) prior to
leaving the spill work
area.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
76
PPE
1.
PPE is NOT worn outside of the work
area.
2.
Gloves must be removed prior to
washing hands and leaving the spill
area.
3.
DO NOT wear gloves on elevators
(even if they are “clean”) or use
them to open doors or touch
equipment (i.e. phones, computers)
that others will be handling without
gloves.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
77
LAUNDRY
Although soiled clothing or uniforms may
contain organisms that cause disease,
the risk of actual disease transmission is
negligible. Therefore, these safe and
simple measures for handling and
washing linens are recommended:
1. Handle uniforms soiled with blood as
little as possible, using gloves and
appropriate protective clothing.
2. Place uniforms soiled with blood in bags
that prevent leakage.
3. Contaminated uniforms cannot be taken
home for cleaning. Facilities Services
employees should contact Mark Baker
(2-1261) so that arrangements can be
made for laundering.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
78
Safety Resources
Below is a list of Safety Resources that can provide you with
more safety information.
OSHA Topics Page
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/bloodbornepathogens/index.html
OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10051
Exposure to Blood: What Health Care Workers Need to Know (CDC)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Blood/Exp_to_Blood.pdf
Sharps Safety: Workbook for Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Sharps Injury Prevention
Program (CDC)
http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
79
CDC & OSHA Standards
OSHA on Bloodborne Pathogens
Topics Page
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/bloodbornepathogens/index
.html
OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_docu
ment?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10051
Exposure to Blood: What Health Care Workers Need to Know
(CDC)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Blood/Exp_to_Blood.pd
f
Sharps Safety: Workbook for Designing, Implementing, and
Evaluating a Sharps Injury Prevention Program (CDC
http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
80
Questions??
• If you have any questions, please contact
Environment, Health and Safety at 962-5507
between 8 am and 5 pm.
Don’t forget to
take the exam to
get credit for this
course!
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
81
• Click here to complete the exam.
• After completion, click here to complete the
Sewage Spill Response Training for Facilities
Services.
Sewage Spill response training is only required
for workers that:
•Conduct a live sewer tie-ins
•Perform an unstoppage procedure from a
sewer line, or
•Participate in sewage spill clean-up.
Questions?? Call 962-0227 between 8 a.m.
& 5 p.m.
82