Transcript No Slide Title

Containment Equipment and
NSF 49
Containment – BMBL
• Primary containment is the protection of personnel
and the immediate lab environment from exposure to
infectious agents, and is provided by good
microbiological technique and the use of appropriate
safety equipment.
• Safety equipment (primary barriers) includes
biological safety cabinets, enclosed containers, and
other engineering controls (i.e. safety centrifuge cups)
designed to remove or minimize exposure hazards to
biological materials.
Containment – BMBL
• Note: If a containment device such as a biological
safety cabinet is impractical then personal protective
equipment may form the primary barrier between
personnel and the infectious materials.
Ex. Certain animal studies, agent production activities,
and activities related to the maintenance, service or
support of the lab facility.
Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs)
•Primary means of containment for infectious
splashes or aerosols
•Can provide personnel, product, and
environmental protection provided appropriate
use and cabinet maintenance
•Not to be confused with horizontal laminar
flow (clean benches) or vertical laminar flow
hoods
BSCs described in Appendix A of the BMBL
Biosafety Cabinets (BSCs)
BSCs – Recommendations and Guidance
• NSF/ANSI 49 – Class II (laminar flow)
Biosafety Cabinetry (2002)
• CDC/NIH Primary Containment for Biohazards – Selection,
Installation and Use of Biological Safety Cabinets (2000)
• BMBL 5th Edition (2007), Appendix A
• Institutional Biological Safety Cabinet Guidance Documents
BSCs – Class I
BSCs – Class II
BSCs – Class III
Class II A2
• Has HEPA filtered downflow air that is a portion of
the mixed downflow and inflow air
• May exhaust HEPA filtered air back into the
laboratory or to the exterior of building through an
exhaust canopy
Biological Safety Cabinet
Class II A2
Biological Safety Cabinet
Class II A2
Class II B2
• Has HEPA filtered downflow air drawn from the
laboratory or the outside air (i.e., no recirculation)
• Class II B2 cabinets are always hard ducted for
exhaust to outside of building
Biological Safety Cabinet
Class II B2
Safe Use of BSCs
• BSC must be turned on at least 5 minutes prior to
starting work
• Personnel working within BSCs should wear lab
coats, as well as appropriate gloves and safety glasses
• BSC work surfaces must be decontaminated with an
appropriate disinfectant at the end of each work
operation
Safe Use of BSCs
• Avoid excess motion and be aware of drafts in room
that may interfere with normal air flow
• All cabinets must be certified for use on annual basis
when first installed, moved, or repaired
BSC Types and Operation
AIRFLOW
PATTERN
RAM or
CHEMS
?
BSL’s
PRODUCT
PROTECTION
75
In at front; rear & top through HEPA
NO
2,3
NO
CLASS II
TYPE A1
75
70% recirculated through HEPA;
exhaust through HEPA
NO
2,3
YES
CLASS II
TYPE A2
100
Same as IIA1; but plena under neg.
pressure; exhaust through HEPA or
ducted
LOW
LEVELS
2,3
YES
CLASS II
TYPE B1
100
30% recirculated through HEPA;
exhaust via HEPA & ducted
LOW
LEVELS
2,3
YES
CLASS II
TYPE B2
100
No recirculation; total exhaust via
HEPA & ducted
YES
2,3
YES
N/A
Supply air inlets and exhaust
through double HEPA or
HEPA/incineration combo
YES
3,4
YES
TYPE
FACE
VELOCITY
(LFPM)
CLASS I
CLASS III
HEPA Filters
• Removes particles > 0.3µm (includes all bacteria,
spores, and viruses) to 99.97% efficiency
- inertia, interception, diffusion, and electrostatic
attachment
• The filter medium is borosilicate fibers treated
with water-repellant binder
• Pleated to provide more surface area of filter, with
separators to prevent collapse from air flow
BSCs – General Use
•
Provide personnel, product and environmental protection for the use infectious
biological agents in appropriate BSCs; can also be used to provide sterile
environment.
•
Leave unit on 24/7 or let run for 5 minutes prior to work.
•
Do not block baffle openings or place bulky items in the cabinet that will
prevent air from entering the baffle opening.
•
Conduct work at least six inches from the edge of the hood at appropriate sash
height.
•
Keep cabinet clean and uncluttered. Wipe up spills immediately w/ 70%
ETOH or other disinfectant.
•
UV lights can be used but not generally recommended. Chemical disinfection
is preferred.
•
Be aware that drafts from open windows, open doors, fans, air conditioners, or
high traffic walkways may interfere with normal cabinet air flow.
•
Decontaminate all materials prior to exit from unit; including waste.
•
No open flames in cabinet!
BSCs – Installation Considerations
• Ducting
- If necessary depending on type (i.e. B1, B2)
• Plumbing
- No combustible gas! Vacuum only.
• Electrical
- Outlet above or below unit for access purposes during
field certification process
• Location
- BSCs should be located in lab where airflow patterns are
not disrupted (i.e. away from doors, drafts, etc.)
BSCs – Design, Operation, and Certification
NSF 49 – Basic requirements for design, construction,
and performance of BSCs; standards for performance
testing and field certification testing
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•
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Installation recommendations
Reliable operation
Durability and structural stability
Cleanability
Limitations on noise and vibration
Motor/blower performance
Illumination
NSF 49, Annex F – Field Tests
Certification performed at time of installation, removal of any
panels, or after relocation; annually thereafter recommended
REQUIRED:
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Downflow velocity profile test
Inflow velocity test
Airflow smoke patterns test
HEPA filter leak test
Cabinet integrity tests (Type A1 only)
Site installation assessment tests
OPTIONAL:
• Lighting intensity
• Vibration and noise level
• Electrical leakage, ground circuit resistance, polarity tests
Downflow Velocity Profile Test
Purpose: measure velocity of air moving through
workspace at 4 inches above bottom edge of
window sash
Measuring apparatus: thermal anemometer
Acceptance: avg downflow velocity within +/- 5
ft/min of manufacturers specifications; within +/16 ft/min for any individual point
Inflow Velocity Test
Purpose: measure velocity of air moving through
unit opening (face velocity)
Measuring apparatus: thermal anemometer; direct
inflow measurement instrument
Acceptance: avg velocity within +/- 5 ft/min of
normal flow for cabinet type
Air Smoke Patterns Test
Purpose: measure airflow along the entire perimeter of the
work access opening is inward, airflow within the work
area is downward with no dead spots or refluxing, ambient
air does not pass on or over the work surface, and there is
no escape to the outside of the cabinet at the sides and top
of the window
Measuring apparatus: visible cold smoke such as titanium
tetrachloride
Acceptance: visual evidence verifying above purpose
HEPA Filter Leak Test
Purpose: ensure integrity of downflow and exhaust HEPA’s,
filter housing, and filter mounting frame
Measuring apparatus: aerosol photometer capable of
measuring 10 µg/L of polydisperse dioctylphthalate
(DOP)particles; other aerosol generator w/ pressure gauge
Acceptance: sustained aerosol penetration shall not exceed
0.01% of the upstream concentration at any point
Cabinet Integrity Tests
Pressure Decay/Soap bubble: performed to
determine if exterior surfaces of all plenums,
welds, gaskets, and plenum penetrations or seals
are free of leaks
• Pressurize cabinet to 2” wg for 30 minutes with no
soap bubbles or leakage of <0.2”wg
Site Installation Assessment Tests
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Airflow alarm
Sash alarm
Interlocks
Exhaust system performance / canopy
connection
Understanding & Using
Protective Hoods During
Animal Husbandry Activities
Types of Hoods at UTHSC-H
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Biosafety cabinets (BSC)
Chemical fume hoods
Animal cage changing stations
Laminar flow hoods
Chemical Fume Hood
What is a Chemical Fume Hood?
• Protective barrier for working with hazardous
chemicals
• Has no HEPA filtration- exhausted directly out of
building
• Chemical fume hoods are not BSCs!!!
• Protects worker, but not work environment
• Protection from animal dander
• Ideal for those with allergies
Safe Use of Chem Fume Hood
• Conduct work at least six inches from the edge of
the hood
• Lower the sash to a reasonable height to protect
yourself
• Keep hood clean and uncluttered
• Have a general awareness of the operation of hood
and
• Be aware of any visual or audible differences that may
indicate a change in function
Allergard Animal Cage Changing Station
Cage Changing Station Features
• The downdraft airflow pattern provides personnel
allergen protection from animal hair, dander, and
bedding materials
• HEPA filtered
• Protection provided to animals, cages and bedding
Safe Use of a Animal Changing Station
• Personnel working with station should wear personal
protective equipment
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Any required vivarium clothing
Lab coat/wrap around gown
Gloves
Safety glasses
• Decontaminate surface with an appropriate
disinfectant at the end of each work operation
Laminar Air Flow Workstation
Laminar Air Hood Features
• Provides the ideal particle free, bacteria free, clean air
environment
• HEPA filtered
• Positive Air Flow-outflow towards worker
• Creates airflow throughout the entire work zone
• Protects animals, not personnel
• Not for use with biohazardous animals!!!!
Safe Use of Laminar Flow Hood
 Personnel working with station should wear personal
protective equipment
◦
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Any required vivarium clothing
Lab coat/wrap around gown
Gloves
Safety glasses
 Decontaminate with an appropriate disinfectant at the end
of each work operation
 Not for use with biohazardous animals!!
Questions?