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THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT DRAFT PROPELLER CLUB BASEL November 13th 2008 Jean Philippe Thenoz SUMMARY I. What have been the changes affecting the shipping industry during the past decade ? 1. Change of ship size / Change of ship characteristics 2. Importance of terminal / Strategic approach 3. Role and importance of intermodal 4. Impact of bunker in shipping operations 5. Change of legal environment 6. Environment requirements II. CMA CGM snapshot Page 2 1. Change of ship size / Change of ship characteristics Page 3 A brief history The following vessels already ordered, are under construction : 2008 / 2009 : 11 000 TEU class and 11 400 TEU 2009 / 2010 : 12 600 TEU + class 2006 : 9400 teu class 2004 : 8500 teu class 2001 : 6500 teu class Page 4 2008: 11 000 TEU class Main characteristics 6 500’s 8 500’s 9 400’s 11 400’s Length overall (m) 300 334 349 363 Width (m) 40,3 42,8 42,8 45,6 Depth (m) 24,1 24,6 27,3 29,7 Draft (m) 14,3 14,5 15,0 15,5 Deadweight (t) 80 000 100 000 115 000 130 000 Nominal capacity (teu) 6 621 8 488 9 415 11 356 Deck 3 614 4 653 4 742 5 512 Hold 3 007 3 835 4 673 5 844 Deck 16 17 17 18 Hold 14 15 15 16 Deck 7 8 8 8 Hold 9 9 10 11 Rows of containers : Numbers of tiers : Page 5 Page 6 Principe de propulsion Page 7 Propulsion principle The easiest solution : One main engine slow speed (about 100 rpm), 2 stroke engine - A shaft line - A propeller Page 8 2. Importance of terminal / Strategic approach Page 9 Terminals networking Shipping lines having a worldwide coverage were pushed to invest into terminals to secure berth windows and give a dedicated fully integrated service to customers The shipping industry went into a vertical integration : terminals being a key element of their operation. Malta Free Port, Malta This strategy is especially valid in a hub port operation concept on East / West route Page 10 Terminals networking Let’s take as an example what CMA CGM group has been doing the past 7 years : Terminal Link S.A. • Subsidiary of CMA CGM group, incorporated in 2001 • MRS development team of 15 + CMA CGM support • Terminal Link holds ports interests of CMA CGM dating before 2001 and has now interests in 17 ports with an estimated total throughput in 2006 of 4.7 millions TEUs. Terminal Link’s Assignments : • External growth: • Invest in multi-user container terminals in appropriate locations • Develop green sites or brown sites projects, buy stakes, tender for concessions • Internal growth & development: • Leverage on synergies with CMA CGM and market terminals world wide • Optimize management of container terminals by using and developing modern state-of-the-art container handling equipment and IT systems Page 11 31 DECEMBER 2006: 17 TERMINALS Rotterdam Dunkerque Le Havre Montoir Houston Mobile Anvers Zeebrugge Marseille Fos Damiette Casablanca Odessa Tianjin Um Q’sar Wenzhou Xiamen Miami Guadeloupe Martinique Lomé Caï Mep Guyane Page 12 31 OCTOBER 2008: 26 TERMINALS Busan 3. Role and importance of intermodal Page 13 Intermodal strategy in Europe Door to door advantages Priority loading in the port for containers under Rail C.H Easier documentation and Customs formalities at sea port Customs clearance at destination done by customer Competitive combined tariff “door to door” Storage facility at Rail terminal with free days Empty pick up or drop off for merchant haulage from / to inland terminal without any extra cost Page 15 Our rail & barge product today and coming plans Gdynia Manchester Hamburg Bremerhaven Liverpool Poznan Felixstowe Rotterdam Cardiff Warsaw Tilbury Southampton Zeebrugge Antwerp Duisburg Koln Le Havre Dourges Prague Mannheim / Ludwigshafen Gliwice Paris Strasbourg Stuttgart Munchen Basel Montoir ClermontFerrand Bordeaux Wien Salzburg Sopron Bratislava Budapest Milano Lyon Triestes / Padova Koper Genoa Bradu De Sus Bucarest Livorno Constanza Toulouse Fos/Mer Barge Rail Link shuttles Combined Rail/barge Service Partners’ rail services Development Rail Marseille Page 16 Intermodal strategy in China A strategic lay out in China Harbin Shenyang Office of China Direct ports of call in China Ports Beijing Tianjin Shijiazhuang Xingang Zhangjiagang Zhengzhou Qingdao Jinan Xian Zhenjiang Nanjing Heifei Chongqing Changsha Wuhan Hangzhou Dalian Yantai Lianyungang Nantong Shanghai Suzhou Ningbo Yiwu Fuzhou Dongguan Quanzhou Kunming Xiamen Guangzhou Shantou Keelung Shunde Yantian Huizhou Zhongshan Shenzhen Kaohsiung Macau Hong Kong nd 2 largest carrier from China to North Europe 1st from China to Mediterranean sea Every 6 hours, a CMA CGM ship leaves China. 13 Ports of call in China. Page 18 64 agencies throughout China (staff: 1515) Location of 18 terminals and double-deck block trains planned network Page 19 Compared market share of rail container transport As of total railway freight traffic percentage Page 20 4. Impact of bunker in shipping operations Page 21 Bunker impact on a voyage 8100 TEUS VESSEL – ASIA / USWC at 22.5 knots (35 days voyage) September 2006 Voyage cost Hire Bunkers 313 USD / t August 2008 % % 31,1 % 18,0% 62,6 % 706 USD / t 78,5% Canal costs 0,0 % 0,0% Port costs 6,3 % 3,5% Misc. 0,0 % 0,0% Total 100,0 % 100,0% 5100 TEUS VESSEL – ASIA / USEC at 23.1 knots (56 days voyage) September 2006 Voyage cost Hire Bunkers Canal costs 314 USD / t August 2008 % % 24,1 % 16,8% 51,9 % 673 USD / t 68,4% 18,3 % 11,3% Port costs 5,7 % 3,5% Misc. 0,0 % 0,0% Total 100,0 % Page 22 100,0% 09/10/2008 25/09/2008 11/09/2008 28/08/2008 14/08/2008 31/07/2008 17/07/2008 03/07/2008 19/06/2008 05/06/2008 22/05/2008 08/05/2008 24/04/2008 10/04/2008 27/03/2008 13/03/2008 28/02/2008 14/02/2008 31/01/2008 17/01/2008 03/01/2008 USD Bunker prices evolutions YTD 2008 750 700 650 600 Hkg Rtm 550 Fos Hou 500 450 400 350 Page 23 5. Change of legal environment Page 24 The process 1986 – Regulation 4056/86 passed by European Council March 2003 – repeal process initiated, ELAA set up October 2006 – formal abolition of Regulation 4056/86 by European Council September 2007 – publication of draft Guidelines Summer 2008 – publication of final Guidelines October 2008 – implementation of the new law – Guidelines in force Page 25 Impact of repeal of regulation 4056/86 Liner conferences to and from Europe will become illegal Liner conferences outside European trades remain legal However, European solution will heavily impact the thought processes of other jurisdictions Others may follow over time Page 26 Impact of repeal of regulation 4056/86 on conference lines No more : conference tariffs conference THCs conference surcharges such as CAF and BAF conference business plans No : individual capacity discussion immediate publication of individual market shares Page 27 What is the new lines environment ? How will they act ? All lines must have their own tariff and/or pricing policy Individual negotiations with customers All elements of the charge are potentially negotiable unless a line decides that certain charges are non-negotiable Structure of charges, i.e. origin THC, ocean freight, destination THC, CAF, BAF is up to individual lines Lines will have to decide their individual policies on THC’s BAF and CAF Charges need not be related to costs – lines are free to charge what they like taking advantage of the market Increases in charges will be subject to lines own discretion and subject to individual contracts – no need, unless the contract says, to give notice Page 28 6. Environment requirements Page 29 Advanced Shipping, Environment Minded Our policy relies on 3 key axis : Prevent any risk of pollution and continuously improve the environmental performance of our operations Develop eco-friendly services and solutions i.e. rail and barge transportation, eco-containers Reinforce our environmental management system and corporate culture for our employees CMA CGM is member of the Clean Cargo Group and adheres to « Charte Bleue » from Armateurs de France. Page 30 Reducing vessel’s ecological footprint Our new buildings are equipped with the latest proven environmental technologies i.e. electronic injection, fast oil recovery, alternative maritime power, waste heat recovery, non toxic paints…. New Buildings Green Technologies Overview Ecospeed policy on major lines, weather and fuel routing, optimal trim, are additional operational measures to reduce vessels’ environmental impacts. CMA CGM Fleet Navigation Center Page 31 Developing eco-products and services Development of alternative and eco-friendly transports : Rail and Barge. Investment in Rail Development in China, India, North Africa notably. Pioneer and leader in Eco-Containers with bamboo flooring with more than 72 000 TEUs, which represents so far average 10 % of our owned fleet. Page 32 Developing environmental partnerships From the beginning, CMA CGM is actively participating to the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach environmental programs and initiatives, considered as the most leading and aggressive ports environmental policies worldwide. Clean Fuel Program participation since July 2008, using ultra-low sulphur fuel in main and aux engines Green Flag Award compliant for 100 % of our vessels for the 2nd consecutive year, for vessels speed reduction. Exhibition at Long Beach Green Port Fest : hundreds of people visited our eco-bamboo container as well as the Group environmental initiatives. Page 33 II. CMA CGM snapshot CMA CGM MEDEA – 9400 evp Page 34 CMA CGM: Number of containers carried (thousand of TEUs) 7700 7000 6000 6000 5200 5000 3900 4000 2800 3000 2000 1615 1900 2300 1000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Source: CMA CGM Data Page 35 2007 CMA CGM GROUP – EAST / WEST SERVICES 6 services 4 480 TEUs weekly Europe North America Asia Africa South America Oceania NB : Asia is including Indian Subcontinent Page 36 CMA CGM GROUP – NORTH / SOUTH SERVICES 10 services 6 940 TEUs weekly Europe 12 services 6 210 TEUs weekly 20 services 9 830 TEUs weekly 8 services 6 750 TEUs weekly North America Asia 8 services 4 290 TEUs weekly Africa South America Oceania 13 services 8 320 TEUs weekly NB : Asia is including Indian Subcontinent Page 37 Fleet volume TODAY (17/10/2008) CMA CGM 368 ships (280 chartered + 88 owned) for 972 393 TEUs CHENG LIE 19 ships (15 chartered + 4 owned) for 25 934 TEUs COMANAV 10 ships (1 chartered + 9 owned) for 2 923 TEUs GROUP TOTAL 397 ships for 1 001 250 TEUs (296 chartered and 101 owned) (396 ships for 986 196 on 02/10/08) Page 38 Fleet volume SHIPS TO BE DELIVERED 78 ships on order for a total capacity of 648 679 TEUs (out of which 55 owned) + 2 cruise ships for CIP Ships Teu 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 7 (3 owned) 32 (22 owned) 26 (21 owned) 11 (7 owned) 2 owned 54 989 259 906 239 571 90 813 3 400 Page 39 TOP 10: Global carriers 1. Maersk Line – Denmark 2 034 000 15.8 % 2. MSC – Switzerland 1 421 600 11.0 % 3. CMA CGM – France 970 300 7.5 % 4. Evergreen – Taïwan 634 100 4.9 % 5. Hapag Lloyd – Germany 501 000 3.9 % 6. COSCO – China 497 300 3.9 % 7. APL – Singapore 482 300 3.7 % 8. CSCL – China 430 100 3.3 % 9. NYK – Japan 416 900 3.2 % 10. MOL – Japan 376 100 2.9 % Source: AXS-Alphaliner dtd October 08 Page 40 CMA CGM Group Key Figures Turnover 07 11.8 billion US Dollars Teus carried 07 7,7 million TEUs Vessels 394 Slots available 966,900 TEUs Services more than 150 Staff Worldwide 16 000 Staff France 4 200 Offices Worldwide 600 Ports of call 400 Page 41 A testimonial of the group’s soaring growth FEATURES 147 meters tall / 33 stories high 75 meters in its widest point Total capacity: 2,700 people 15 elevators / 5 parking levels 53,000 m² of total exterior glass surface area Gross floor area: 64,000 sq meters CMA CGM Start of construction: July 2006 Real :Estate Building delivery 3rd quarterInvestments of 2009 Architect: Zaha Hadid Norfolk, USA Page 42 Page 43 CMA CGM Orfeo – 9700 TEUs passing by Los Angeles break wate