The Challenge of Water Resources Management in Laos

CSIRO Land and Water Seminar by Sengmanichanh Somchanmavong International visit sponsored by the International Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Management (ICE WaRM)

Overview

1. Introduction to the international visit program 2. Sponsor the visiting program (ICE WaRM presentation) 3. Sharing – the challenges of Water Resources Management in Lao PDR 4. Learnings from Australia 5. Comments - Discussion 2

1. Introduction

Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project ADB Loan 1933-LAO AFD Grant CLA 1048 01H

Sengmanichanh Somchanmavong Training Specialist

Water Resources Coordination Committee Secretariat Office of the Prime Minister Vientiane, Lao PDR 3

International Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Management (ICE WaRM)

International Visit Australian Research Centre for Water in Society (ARCWIS) CSIRO Land and Water 4

Satisfying the thirst of/for tomorrow’s leaders

Established late 2004 Consortium Launched Aug 2005 Supported by SA Govt Facilitator and broker Education, Training & Research in Water 5

ICE WaRM

What does it do?

ICE WaRM provides a

national focus gateway

and

international

to Australia’s education, training and research expertise in water. ICE WaRM

facilitates

collaboration in water-related

research, education and training

opportunities for international (and national) scholars wanting to advance their careers, and meeting the needs of their water management organisations.

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ICE WaRM

Products

•

Education

Award programmes •

Training

Short courses, study tours, vocational and in-service •

Research

Collaborative research programmes all in

Water Management

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Founding Shareholders

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Supporters and Associates

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3. Sharing – the Challenges of Water Resources Management in Lao PDR 10

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Background of Laos

• Geography – surrounding 5 countries with a different political system

Land AreaPop

236,800 Sq Kms

Density COUNTRYPopulation

68 per/Sq Kms • Under international agreement – Mekong River Commission – 97 % of Lao territory lies in the Mekong River Basin, – and it contributes about 35 % of annual flow in Mekong River. 13

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• Politics – one legal party, – 16 provincial administrations, • Vientiane is the capital city • An increasing number of population – Population – 6 million – Annual growth rate (2005) – 2,4% 15

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• The major river basins in Lao PDR are all tributaries of the Mekong River and were selected on the basis of size (most are over 4,500 km2). Among them, the Nam Ngum River Basin is by size the fifth largest river basin in Lao. 17

Introduction for NNRBDP

• • The Nam Ngum River Basin: total area - 16,841 km2 mostly hilly and mountainous i) the Vientiane Plains - floodplain ii) the Plain of Jars - plateau area in the upper 18

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• Culture - various ethnic minorities live in mountainous areas, slash and burn agricultural practicing

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Water Demand:

–Domestic and industrial water use, –agriculture – irrigated areas, crop areas, –mining, –hydroelectricity, –fisheries, –tourism, –navigation 23

Problems:

• water shortage for the dry season, • flooding in lower plain, • water quality risk at mining sites, • river bank erosion and sediment 24

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Nam Ngum River Basin development project

• Component 1: Integrated Water Resources Management conducted by the Water Resources Coordinating Committee Secretariat (WRCCS) of Prime Minister’s Office • Component 2: Reservoir Management and River Basin Modeling conducted by the Department of Electricity, Ministry of Energy and Mines • Component 3: Watershed Management conducted by the National Agricultural and Forestry Extension Services (NAFES) and Integrated Watershed Management Unit (IWMU) of MAF 26

The long-term goal “optimal use of water resources, especially in the Nam Ngum River Basin” with immediate project objectives to: 27

(i) foster and institutionalize IWRM in the mainstream planning process of the Government at the central and provincial levels, and (ii) support investment interventions in relatively degraded parts of the NNRB to provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for poor and ethnic communities 28

Component 1

sub-component: building capacity IRBP&M.

One of the initial activities under this activity is the preparation a River Basin Profile for the Nam Ngum River Basin.

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The purpose of a River Basin Profile is to provide:

• A snapshot of the current conditions, issues and trends in the river basin • A foundation for developing the River Basin Plan • A shared understanding between sectors of conditions in the River Basin • An information source to support future planning and government policy initiatives • A source of information on the River Basin for interested stakeholders • Directions for strengthening knowledge and information management.

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Update May 2007

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Trend to set up New Water and Environment Agency,

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Strengthening River Basin and Provincial Water Resource Management

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Draft Water Resources Profiles Available

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Draft Water Resources Data and Information Strategy

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1. Previous Strategic Activities

• Improved management of natural resources and environment is recognized as a national priority 32

• Recognized a more coordinated approach “integrated water resources management” (IWRM), is needed. This approach i) balances dev. socio & envir. consideration ii) addresses inter-sector (inter-provincial and international) issues, and iii) takes into consideration water quantity, water quality, surface and groundwater and other resource linkages. 33

IWRM also emphasizes improved data and information and technical methods and also improved governance, including public awareness and participation.

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In accordance with this IWRM approach, the Government has taken a number of strategic initiatives in the past: • Law on Water and Water Resources approved (1996) • Water Resources Coordinating Committee (WRCC) established under the Prime Minister’s Office (1998) • Water Sector Strategy and Action Plan prepared (1999) • Prime Minister’s Decree to implement the Law on Water and Water Resources approved (2001) 35

2. Challenges

• Approval of the 1999 Water Sector Strategy and Action Plan and the draft water resources policy was not at a high level 36

• Water legislation was not elaborated in sufficient detail to be well implemented. – there are gaps in the legislation and – there is a need for a clearer organizational strategy for implementing key IWRM functions. 37

• There is no leading agency in the water resources sector – IWRM activities are fragmented between many agencies and gaps exist. • Technical and financial resources for IWRM activities are limited • There are no clear priorities or strategy on how to address theses limitations. 38

3. Current IWRM Activities and Objectives

A number of activities are currently underway to address some of the priorities in the water sector (a) Institutional reorganization (b) National water resources profile and strategy (c) Data and information management 39

(d) IWRM financing (e) River basin simulation and reservoir operational modeling (f) River basin and watershed planning 40

4. Future Priorities

• • • A number of current activities are expected to be ongoing priorities over next 5 years or more.

Institutional development and strengthening for improved IWRM implementation National water resources strategy Funding arrangements 41

4. Future Priorities (cont.)

• Legislation • Ongoing capacity building • Data and information system upgrading • Watershed management • Awareness raising on water resources 42

My Major Tasks

On-going building of capacity and awareness raising on water resources – Conducting training need assessment and monitoring – Organizing short training courses related to IWRM, IRBM, series of training courses: water quality, water policy and legislation, social economic and environmental assessment, GIS, 43

My Major Tasks cont.

– Assisting the project to conduct consultation workshops, seminars and meetings on National Water Resource profiles, River Basin Profiles and water related issues.

– Searching more possibilities to access international experiences 44

Outcomes and Learning from Australia

• Working experiences with ARCWIS staff – Interaction with social scientists in water resources management – Involvement into some parts of the two running projects especially field visit and trial Q-Sort – Environment and team work management – Monitoring / management 45

Outcomes and Learning from Australia

• Reviewing past public involvement programs – Various social methodologies – Many information related to water resources – Linkage in to other web-sites – Progress Reports • Discussion with other experts on water related issues from other agencies 46

Opportunity for Future

• Short-term Action – Sharing overall working experience with friends and colleagues in the workplace as well as the same field in other agencies – Bringing good examples from ARCWIS projects for upgrading the existing running project – Keep in touch with ARCWIS staff and other experts water related issue in Australia 47

Long-term Plan

• Attempt to propose a case study on Public Involvement especially social behaviour change, perception and acceptation for the challenging Water Resources Management in the country • Engage my personnel experience into the international experience where would be possible • Look forward to cooperate with an Australian agency which deals with water in society 48

Thank You

• Thank you for ARCWIS team and CSIRO providing such a great environment to work with, good to know many of you as professionals on water in society.

• Thank you for ICE WaRM providing financial support for this trip I hope to collaborate and work with you in the future.

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Comments

Your comments and questions are welcome.

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Thank you very much for your attention Water Ed Australia Pty Ltd ABN 13 112 314 780 GO Box 860 Adelaide SA 5001, Australia Level 1, 77 Grenfell Street Adelaide SA 5000 t: = +61 8 8236 5200 f: = +61 8 8236 5236 e: [email protected]

www.icewarm.com.au

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