Transcript Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) in the Philippines

Community Needs-Based
Approach to Diaspora
Philanthropy
Dr. Celia M. Reyes
CBMS Network Leader
and PEP Co-Director
This work was carried out by the PEP-CBMS Network
Coordinating Team of the Angelo King Institute for Economic
and Business Studies (AKI) of De La Salle University, Manila
with financial support of the Government of Canada through the
International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).
Outline of Presentation
CBMS: Background, Design and Key Features
Data Generated From CBMS
CBMS Core Indicators
CBMS Process
Current Uses and Applications of CBMS
Coverage and Status of CBMS implementation
Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS
Sample outputs
Background:
CBMS in the Philippines
CBMS was developed in the early 1990s to provide a good
information base for policymakers and program
implementers for monitoring the impacts of economic
reforms or policy shocks to the vulnerable groups in the
society
CBMS addresses the lack of the necessary disaggregated
information for poverty analysis and design of appropriate
interventions, for targeting of program beneficiaries, and
for program-impact monitoring
It is envisioned to be a tool for improving local governance
and accountability in managing resources while
empowering communities to participate in the process
CBMS: Design
It is designed as an organized process of data collection,
processing, validation, and integration of data in the local
development processes
A tool intended for improved governance and greater
transparency and accountability in resource allocation
CBMS generates a core set of indicators that are being
measured to determine the welfare status of the
population. These indicators capture the
multidimensional aspects of poverty.
It uses freeware customized for CBMS-data encoding,
processing and poverty mapping
Key Features of CBMS
Involves a census of all households in a community
LGU-based while promoting community participation
Taps existing LGU-personnel/community members
as monitors
Has a core set of indicators but system is flexible
enough to accommodate additional indicators
Establishes database at each geopolitical level
Data generated from CBMS
Core set of indicators which covers the
multidimensional nature of poverty
Other LGU-specific indicators relating to:
Disabilities, natural calamities, migration, waste
management, access to programs, electoral participation,
community organization
Data can be disaggregated across population subgroups and geo-political levels (by barangay,
municipality/city)
CBMS Core Indicators
CBMS Indicators Dimensions of Poverty
Core Indicators
Survival
•Health
•Food & Nutrition
•H20 & Sanitation
1. Child deaths (0-5 yrs. old)
2. Women deaths due to pregnancy
-related causes
3. Malnourished children (0-5 yrs. old)
4. HHs w/o access to safe water
5. HHs w/o access sanitary toilet
Security
•Shelter
•Peace & Order
6. HHs who are squatters
7. HHs living in makeshift housing
8. HHs victimized by crimes
•Income
•Employment
•Education
9. HHs w/income below poverty threshold
10. HHs w/income below food threshold
11. HHs who experienced food shortage
12. Unemployment
13. Elementary school participation
14. High school participation
Enabling
Data that can be generated from CBMS
Areas
Demography
Education
Nutrition
Employment
Previous HH members
Victims of crime
Water and sanitation
Housing
Income
Food adequacy
Variables
households in a purok, barangay, municipality/city and province
population by age, sex, religion and civil status
school participation rate, type of school, highest educational attainment, literacy
nutritional status of children
employment and unemployment rates, job, occupation, type of business,
place of work, class of worker, nature of employment, job search method,
reason for not looking for work, availability and willingness to work
sex, age, and cause of death
type of crime: murder, theft, abuse others
source of water, distance of source of water, type of toilet facility
tenure status, imputted rent, source of electricity, average electricity bill,
assets/appliances, materials used on walls and roof
type of entreprenuerial activities, income in cash and in kind, salary/wages,
other sources of income
number of hh who have experienced hunger, number of days and months
hh experienced hunger
Data that can be generated from CBMS
Are a s
Demography
Migration
C ommunity organiz ation
OF W
O ther family members not in HH
S ingle parent
Dis ability
S enior C itiz ens
B oard/B ar pas s ers
Health
A gric ulture
F arming
L ives toc k rais ing
F is hing
W as te management
C alamities
A c c es s to programs
Va ria ble s
indigenous people and tribe
length of s tay in barangay, plac e of res idenc e before trans ferring to brgy
involvement in c om org; type of c om org
c ountry where O F W is , job/oc c upation of O F W
population by age, s ex , reas on for being away from the HH
population by age, s ex , reas on for being s ingle parent
type and c aus e of dis ability, kind of as s is tanc e rec eived and from who
s enior c itiz en's id and where it is us ed
type of profes s ion
availment of treatment for any s ic knes s , type of medic al fac ility, number of
c ouples , family planning method us ed
agri land tenure, volume and type of c rops harves ted, agric ultural equipments
us ed/owned,
number and type of lives toc k rais ed, volume of produc tion
loc ation of fis hing ac tivity, s iz e and number of fis hpond and fis hc ages , type
and volume of aquatic animals c atc hed, pos s es ion of motorboats , fis hing
equipment us ed/owned
s ys tem of garbage dis pos al, who c ollec ts and frequenc y of garbage c ollec tion
types of c alamities
ac c es s to s everal programs s uc h as C A R P , P hilhealth for indigents , health
as s is tanc e, s c holars hips , s upplemental feeding, s kills and livelihood, hous ing,
c redit and other programs , by implementing G O /NG O s /P os , effec t of program
CBMS Process
Step 1
Advocacy /
Organization
Step 2
Data Collection
and
Field Editing
(Training Module 1)
Step 8
Plan Formulation
(Training Module 4)
Data Encoding
and
Map Digitizing
(Training Module 2)
Step 4
Dissemination/
Implementation
and
Monitoring
Step 7
Step 3
Processing and
Mapping
(Training Module 3)
Step 6
Knowledge
(Database)
Management
Step 5
Data validation
and
Community
Consultation
Current Uses and Applications of CBMS
Local development planning and budgeting
Monitoring the achievement of the millennium
development goals (MDGs)
Poverty diagnosis, design and targeting of
interventions
Program impact monitoring
Monitoring the impacts of shocks
Other Specific Uses of CBMS
Ten provinces have used CBMS data for the preparation of their
provincial MDG reports which would serve as guide for its
efforts towards achieving the MDGs by 2015.
CBMS has provided basis for evaluation of development grant
proposals for poverty reduction projects at the local level
funded by UNDP since 2006 to present.
CBMS has been used to monitor the impact of UNDPdevelopment grant projects at the local level
Other Specific Uses of CBMS
CBMS has been used by local government units as basis
for its project proposals to other development agencies
(e.g. ADB and JICA) to fund development projects in their
localities.
CBMS is currently being used in monitoring the impacts
on poverty of the global financial crisis
CBMS Data Repositories
CBMS databases have been established at the
national and local levels
At the national level, the CBMS database is
installed at NAPC, DILG, LMP and the PEP-CBMS
Network Office
Regular capacity building workshops on the use
and updating of the said CBMS databases have
been conducted by the PEP-CBMS Network
Coverage of CBMS implementation
in the Philippines
18, 706 barangays
in 710 municipalities and 46 cities
in 61 provinces (32 of which are
provincewide)
With Technical Assistance from:
DILG-BLGD and CBMS Team with support from WB-ASEM
DILG-BLGD and CBMS Team with support from UNFPA
DILG-BLGD, DILG Regional offices and CBMS Team
Eastern Visayas CBMS TWG and CBMS Team
Bicol CBMS TWG and CBMS Team
Bicol CBMS TWG and CBMS Team with support from Spanish Government
MIMAROPA CBMS TWG and CBMS Team
NAPC and CBMS Team with support from UNDP
Dawn Foundation and CBMS Team
Social Watch Philippines and CBMS Team
SRTC, SUCs and CBMS Team
Kagabay and CBMS Team
SRTC, NEDA IV-A and CBMS Team
CBMS Team
CBMS
and
Diaspora Philanthropy
Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS:
Convergence
• Internationally, migration had been recognized
as a significant contributor to development and
poverty reduction
• There has been an increasing role of diaspora
associations as development partners
• Diaspora philanthropy had been gradually
shifting away from short-term projects to longterm and income generating activities
Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS:
Convergence
• Information from CBMS can be used as basis for
priority projects that can be funded by diaspora
organizations
• CBMS fosters community participation in
identifying problems, devising solutions, and
monitoring progress
• Robust link with local and national government
translates to policy implications
Sample outputs for CBMS
Core Indicators:
Brgy. Villa Angeles,
Orion, Bataan, 2006
Location of Households with OFWs
Villa Angeles, Orion, Bataan, 2006
88 OFW households out of a total of 284 households
Over-all, level of child and maternal health
in the barangay is very good.
Health and Nutrition
Proportion of children aged 0-4
years old w ho died
0.0
Proportion of w omen w ho died due
to pregnancy related causes
0.0
Proportion of children aged 0-5
years old w ho are malnourished
1.7
• No under-5 and
maternal deaths
reported.
• Only 2 out of 95
children aged 0-5 are
malnourished.
Housing problems in the barangay
are not that significant.
Shelte r
Proportion of households living in
makeshift housing
1.4
Proportion of households that are
squatters
0.0
• Only 4 households
are living in
makeshift housing.
• No informal
settlers in the
barangay.
Access to safe water is still a concern for
some households in the community.
Water and Sanitation
Proportion of households w ithout
access to safe w ater supply
6.0
Proportion of households w ithout
access to sanitary toilet facilities
0.4
• There are 17
households that do not
have access to safe
water.
• Almost all households
have access to sanitary
toilet facilities.
School participation is very high. Access to
education poses no challenge.
Education
Proportion of children aged 6-12
years old w ho are not attending
elementary school
Proportion of children aged 13-16
years old w ho are not attending
secondary school
16.2
Proportion of children aged 6-16
years old w ho are not attending
school
3.0
14.1
• Only 7 children aged 616 are not attending
school. 3 of these are 6
years old children who
are not yet attending
school. Ages of remaining
4 children are 11, 14, 15
and 16.
Location of households with members 6-16 years
old not in school, Villa Angeles, Orion,Bataan, 2006
The poverty situation is modest.
Income
Proportion of households w ith
income below the poverty threshold
Proportion of households w ith
income below the food
(subsistence) threshold
Proportion of households that
experienced food shortage
18.7
9.5
0.0
• Poverty incidence in the
barangay is around
18.7%.
• Subsistence poverty is
9.5% of all households.
• No household
experienced hunger.
Location of households who are income poor
Villa Angeles, Orion,Bataan, 2006
Local unemployment is a major issue.
Security is good.
Employment
Proportion of persons w ho are
unemployed
24.3
Peace and Order
Proportion of persons w ho w ere
victims of crimes
0.8
• About 1/4 of the labor
force is unemployed.
• There are only 10
reported cases of crime
in the barangay.
Households without OFW are more likely to
be multi-dimensionally poor!
Deprivation
None
1 dimension
2 dimensions
3 dimensions
All HHs
57.4%
31.0%
10.9%
0.7%
OFW HHs Non-OFW HHs
62.5%
55.1%
33.0%
30.1%
4.6%
13.8%
1.0%
Being income poor is more likely
associated with having no job
Form of deprivation (%)
income poor and employment poor
income poor and water poor
income poor and housing poor
employment poor and crime poor
employment poor and education poor
employment poor and water poor
education poor and water poor
income poor, employment poor, and education poor
income poor, employment poor, and nutrition poor
All HHs
5.3
2.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
OFW HHs
2.3
1.1
1.1
-
Non-OFW HHs
7.7
3.1
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Location of OFWs
Country
No. of OFWs
Others
USA
35
Japan
9
UAE
8
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
5
4%
Australia
4
China
4
Hong Kong
4
N. Korea
4
Qatar
4
Others*
26
TOTAL
103
25%
USA
33%
North Korea
4% Hong Kong
Saudi Arabia UAE
4% China
8%
4% Australia 5%
4%
•*Others consist of countries: Canada, Denmark,
Singapore, Guam, Italy, United Kingdom, Bahamas, Brunei
Darussalam, India, Israel, S. Korea, Mexico,. Oman,
Nigeria, Norway, Sudan, Thailand
Japan
9%
• A large proportion of
OFWs are working in the
United States of America
Dependency on OFW Remittances
Remittances
as % of
income
0
1-20
21-40
41-60
61-80
81-100
Total
No.
5
11
15
17
15
25
88**
Source: CBMS Survey, 2006
**there are 103 OFWs in 88 households.
%
5.7
12.5
17.0
19.3
17.0
28.4
100
•On the average,
58 percent of total
income is derived
from remittances
Number of and percentage of households
with OFWs by Income quintile
Income Quintile
No. of HHs
1
2
3
HHs with OFW
57
58
56
No.
6
11
17
%
10.5
19.0
30.4
4
57
21
36.8
5
Total
56
284
33
88
58.9
31.0
Source: CBMS Survey, 2006
Most of the households with OFW belongs to the highest
income quintile in the barangay
Barangay Maligaya, Mariveles, Bataan
CBMS Core Indicators
Magnitude
Proportion
Water and Sanitation
141
15.03
3
0.32
Proportion of children aged 6-12 years old who are not
attending elementary school
173
38.27
Proportion of children aged 13-16 years old who are not
attending secondary school
114
42.70
Proportion of children aged 6-16 years old who are not
attending school
197
27.40
Proportion of households with income below the poverty
threshold
252
26.87
Proportion of households with income below the food
(subsistence) threshold
158
16.84
288
17.02
Proportion of households without access to safe water supply
Proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet
facilities
Education
Income
Employment
Proportion of persons who are unemployed
Further inquiries about the PEP-CBMS
Network may be forwarded to:
PEP-CBMS Network Office (Asia)
Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies
10th Floor, Angelo King International Center,
Estrada corner Arellano Streets, Malate, Manila
Telefax (632) 5262067/ 5238888 loc. 274
Email at: [email protected];
[email protected]
Website: www.pep-net.org