Transcript ecocity1b - Tarumanagara University

Eco-city Theory : systems - Technolgy
ecocity
Ecological security - clean air, and safe, reliable water supplies, food, healthy housing and
workplaces, municipal services and protection against disasters for all people.
Ecological sanitation - efficient, cost-effective eco-engineering for treating and recycling human
excreta, gray water, and all wastes.
Ecological industrial metabolism - resource conservation and environmental protection through
industrial transition, emphasizing materials re-use, life-cycle production, renewable energy, efficient
transportation, and meeting human needs.
Ecoscape (ecological-landscape) integrity - arrange built structures, open spaces such as parks and
plazas, connectors such as streets and bridges, and natural features such as waterways and ridgelines,
to maximize biodiversity and maximize accessibility of the city for all citizens while conserving energy
and resources and alleviating such problems as automobile accidents, air pollution, hydrological
deterioration, heat island effects and global warming.
Ecological awareness - help people understand their place in nature, cultural identity, responsibility
for the environment, and help them change their consumption behavior and enhance their ability to
contribute to
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Best Practises : International Eco-cities
• Latar Belakang Terbentuknya bentuk berbeda karena driver dan existing spatial
berbeda
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politis :
ekologi :
ekonomi :
sosial :
bagdad, denmark, malmo, treasure island, cheonggyecheon
marina barrage, st david’s, madya paresh , freiburg, curitiba
dongtan, tianjin, Penang PGCC, Masdar
auroville , desa-desa di India, antonio ismael di Jawa Tengah
• Berbagai Bentuk Eco-city
URBAN SPATIAL FORM
SUPERBLOC NEIGHBOURHOOD
K
(VILLAGE)
DISTRICT
CITY
REGION
(COUNTRY)
ECOCITY TYPE
Battery Park
* Bed Zed, London
* Pungol Public Housing
Township
* Berkeley
* St. Davids, Uk
* Dockland Housing * Malmo
* Curitiba, Brazil
PGCC Penang
* Huangbaiyu
* Wrendwood, Australia
* Treasure Island
* Auroville
India Village
Berkeley
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URBAN RENEWAL
NEW CITY
* Dongtan
* Tianjin
* Arcosanti
* Masdar, UEA
COMMUNITY BASED
DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
* Buenos Aires
SolarPark
* Kolding (water
recycle)
Marina Barrage
India PV
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Hongkong
wetland
Zhiras –Iran,
power plant
* Bagdad
* San Fransisco
*Freigburg Solar
City
Denmark
Dongtan The world's first eco-city
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The vision is to create a community with low
energy consumption that will be carbon free (8
600 hectare site)
The urban area will occupy just one third of the
site with the remaining land retained for
agriculture and create a buffer zone
Dongtan's buildings will help reduce energy use,
making efficient use of energy sources and
generating energy from renewable sources.
There will be processes to capture, purify, and
manage rain water. Farmland within the Dongtan
site will use organic farming methods to grow
food.
Organic waste such as rice husks and vegetable
peels will be recycled to generate electricity.
•Clean technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells
will power public transport.
•A network of cycle & footpaths will help the city
achieve close to zero vehicle emissions.
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DongTan City, China – 8600 Ha
Dongtan adalah ecocity pertama di China yang dirancang dengan
konsep sustainable city dan dalam skala besar (8600 Ha) .
Direncanakan Dongtan akan menjadi kota yang ‘green’ melalui hal-hal
sbb:
Masdar, UEA -600 Ha
Sebagai negara yang memiliki tingkat tertinggi dalam hal gas
buangan per kapita , karena kegiatan oil drilling, kepemilikan
kendaraan pribadi yang tinggi, dan pemakain AC di bangunan,
karena iklimnya yang panas dan kering, maka keputusan
membangun Masdar ecocity adalah keputusan besar.
• 60 % percent smaller ecological footprint
•Dirancang untuk dihuni 50.000 jiwa
•66 % reduction in energy demand
•Thema : arsitektur vernacular Arab
•40 % energy from bio-energy
•Total investasi US$ 22 milyard
•100 % renewable energy for in-use buildings and on-site transport
•Menggunakan 100 % sumber energy yang renewable
•Waste to landfill down by 83%
•99% sampah nya di recycle atau sebagai kompos
•Almost no carbon emissions
•5-10 % produksi pangannya akan ditanam disana menggunakan
•All housing will be located within 7-minute walk of public transport
grey water
•will produce its own energy from wind, solar, bio-fuel and recycled city
•Posititoning : the world’s first renewable (energy) city society
waste
•The world’s first zero-carbon, zero-waste, car-free city
•Clean technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells will power public
•Teknologi :Photovoltaic panels will generate Masdar City’s
transport
electricity, while cooling will be provided via
•A network of cycle and footpaths will help the city achieve close to
concentrated solar power.
zero vehicle emissions
• Water will be provided through a solar-powered
Farmland within the Dongtan site will use organic farming methods to
desalination plant.
grow food
Best-Practises
Sekilas 3 Aspek Utama pada Berbagai Eco-City
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• TEKNOLOGI , mengacu pada :
- renewable energy (solar/
PV, wind )
- zero carbon (building)
- green transportation
- water recycled
- waste management
• Stakeholders (inisiatif)
- negara maju : pro active govt,
LSM , inisiatif warga
- neg berkembang : pemerintah
di China: partnership gov-foreign
di Middle East : full foreign
• INSTITUSI (pengelolaan)
- negara maju : swadaya,+
government
- neg. berkembang :
govt dg private sector,
partnership
Negara maju : sdm sangat siap
Jadi institusi kurang berperan
Di China, institusinya yg berperan?
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Pengecekan Aspek Utama pada 4 buah Eco-city
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Antara Model MASDAR dengan TIANJIN
MASDAR
luas 600 Ha
Dirancang untuk kelas mapan (kaum emirati)
hampir tidak ada masalah budget
TEKNOLOGI Eksperimen teknologi mutakhir
TIANJIN
Luas 400 Ha
Dirancang utk kelas menengah China
pragmatis dan praktis supaya applicable
60 % percent smaller ecological footprint
produce more energy then consume
reduce water + energy
66 % reduction in energy demand
40 % energy from bio-energy
everything is about to create zero-carbon
smarthome: no people, energy turn-off
treadmill : energy for TV
Waste to landfill down by 83%
dance floor : energy for lighting
All housing will be located within 7-minute walk of public transport
insulating paints (to reduce heat/cold)
will produce its own energy from wind, solar, bio-fuel and recycled city
waste
100 % renewable energy for in-use buildings and on-site transport
Almost no carbon emissions
Clean technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells will power public
transport
green transportation : all electrical cars, with
some terminals to on/off + charging
street designed to act as wind tunnel
A network of cycle and footpaths will help the city achieve close to
zero vehicle emissions
Farmland within the Dongtan site will use organic farming methods to
grow food.
100 % renewable energy
INSTITUSI
planning and design by:all by foreigners
(chicago will+smith)
Government funding
Managed by : a Join Venture company ,
government
and private sector
Ala Masdar (budget
tidak masalah, eksperimen teknologi)
Atau
Ala Dongtan (budget
Oriented, teknologi
Yang ada saja)
all tower buildings: PV + wind energy
green roof to provide power, natural light,
STAKE
HOLDERS
Saat ini menjadi
Model bagi
pengembangan
Eco-city di dunia , ada
Di antara dua kutub ini:
planning and design by: mostly by foreigners , but with
strong back-up from local team
Tianjin
Lebih holistic approach
Foreign (Singapore) funding
idem
Singapore more to take control, due their experiences in
crea
ting new dwellings or new city
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Best Practises
Analisa Awal Keberadaan Eco-city di Indonesia
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Standar Tianjin Eco-city Ada 26 asp
• 22 aspek kuantitatif
• 4 aspek kualitatif
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Basic Applied System for Indonesia Eco-city
Item
1Efisiensi Energi
2 'renewable energy'
3Green Buildings
Konteks Indonesia
Bentuk
Mengingat kondisi Indonesia saat ini, dimana supply listrik
sangat terbatas
Public Campaign
Perlu upaya gaya hidup disemua lapisan untuk efisiensi
Negeri tropis yang kaya matahari seharusnya bisa
mengembangkan
PV based energy, atau tenaga angin atau bio-fuell
Dengan segala teknologi yang ada, seharusnya sudah mulai
harus
menjadi persyaratan
4Ruang Terbuka Hijau untuk daerah resapan air
Menjaga keseimbangan dengan lingkungan alam eksisting &
biodiversitynya
5Pengelolaan Air
8Economic Vibrancy
RTH
mengurangi pemakaian
Bagaimana mengatur air : supply dan pemanfaatan buangannya air
recycle
penyulingan air laut
6Pengelolaan SampahPrinsip reduce, reuse, recycle
Green
7Transportation'
Solar energy
Wind energy
recycle
organic waste jadi bio
mass
Menuju konsep zero-waste
Mengusahakan public transportation yang menggunakan clean
energy,
Compact urban form
meminimalkan penggunaan mobil pribadi, membuat kota yang
'walkable'
utk minimalisasi lahan
Penciptaan bidang industri yang berbasis potensi setempat
Membuat iklim yang menarik investor dan penghuni yang
9Social Harmony
Heritage
10Conservation
membuat lingkungan untuk berbagai kelas strata sosial
(heterogen)
membuat 'eco-city' pada urban space dimana saja, dengan
menjaga apa yang
sudah ada (tidak merusak apapun yang sudah ada)
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KEMUNGKINAN UNTUK PENERAPAN ECO-CITY DI INDONESIA
• Energy Efficiency and Use of Clean, Renewable Energy
1. Green Buildings (PV, thermal insulation, smart systems)
2. Green Transportation (its contribution to Ecological Footprint, people oriented site
planning, compact development)
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Ecolandscape (zero carbon, fresh air, good pedestrian, green space)
Water supply (recycled grey water, )
Waste (close to or zero waste, recycled as compost,
Economic Vibrancy (more pedestrian, more traffic for retails)
Social Harmony (social mixed class, economic development)
Heritage Conservation (cultural heritage & renewable instead of new construction)
No 1- 6
No 7- 9
untuk aspek Teknologi, bisa untuk skala perumahan besar
untuk skala kota (lebih melibatkan pemerintah kota )
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