Transcript Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Eradication Efforts at JBHHH

Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle
Eradication Efforts at JBHHH
Cory Campora
NAVFAC Hawaii
Environmental Department
Natural Resources Program
Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle
Aubrey Moore /UOG Photos
• Have 4 life stages: eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults.
• The eggs are laid and develop within rotting coconut logs or trimmings,
mulch, or compost (females lay from 70 to 140 eggs total)
• Adults emerge in about four months and live for about another 3
months
• Adults are active and night and fly, usually staying near breeding site
• Larvae are white, C-shaped grubs which grow to about 3.5 inches in
length, much larger than any beetle in Hawaiʻi.
CRB Life Stages
Distribution
• Africa: Mauritius, Mayotte, and Reunion
• Asia: (Native to Southern and SE Asia) Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma,
Cambodia, Chagos Archipelago, China, Cocos Islands, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Philippines, Singapore,
Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam
• Middle East: Iran, Oman, Pakistan, and Yemen
• Oceania: American Samoa, British Indian Ocean Territory, Fiji,
Guam*, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga,
and Wallis and Futuna
*Discovered in Guam in 2007
• Adult CRB burrows into crowns of coconut palms, betelnut,
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Manila, and other palms to feed on sap.
They do not stay in trees; they spend a few days, then leave
• Bore holes or feeding burrows are visible in developed fronds
• A side-hit may weaken frond and cause it to break and hang down
Photo by Karl Magnacca
• Feeding also may result in notches in developed fronds
Aubrey Moore /UOG Photos
• Feeding burrows in the base of fronds, or top of the trunk; may
kill tree
• Adult beetles leave behind “chew” (chewed fibre)
http://tnau.ac.in/eagri/eagri50/ENTO331/lecture07/001.html
JBPHH Infestation
• On 12/23/13, one suspect coconut rhinoceros
beetle (CRB) was caught in a trap that was
part of a Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey
(CAPS) program between USDA APHIS PPQ
and the University of Hawaii.
Primary breeding
site
1st detection
2,000 cubic yards
Response
• 1/9/14 CRB Incident Command Team established
(HDOA and USDA – CRB is federally actionable
pest)
• 1/10/14 Incident Command Team met with
JBPHH personnel
• HDOA lead on response with JBPHH and Navy
Region Hawaii providing
/access/support/assistance etc.
Response Efforts
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Survey for and elimination of breeding sites
Delimiting surveys (traps and tree surveys)
Quarantine green waste to limit movement
Outreach
Eliminating Breeding Sites
Active breeding
sites were #1
priority
Eliminating Breeding Sites
Options:
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Open Burning
Incineration
Composting
Fumigation
Spray with pesticide
Steam
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Pigs
Dump in ocean
Put in sealed containers
Spread out and crush
Cover with plastic and heat
As method was being determined, decision
was made (approx 1/14/14) to grind all active
breeding material in tub grinder (2x) to kill
later life stages.
2/24/14 - Primary
breeding site was
considered mitigated
• ground 2x
• placed on sheeting
• covered with netting
• awaiting incineration or
other disinfecting action
Eliminating Breeding Sites
• Composting selected as the way ahead
• Requires some testing
• All breeding material will be consolidated at one
location within quarantine zone, chipped, and then
heated via composting to kill all stages of CRB
• Material will then be transported for use as soil
amendment
• Additional intensive breeding site surveys required
Delimiting Surveys (Trapping & Visual)
• Utilizing effective trap designs developed by the University of Guam
• Barrel Traps, Bucket Traps, Panel Traps, and
Seabees assisting with barrel trap construction
Delimiting Surveys
• Tree Surveys
– Inspect for notched/damaged fronds
– Inspect for bore holes or feeding burrows
Thru 3/10/14
Traps thru
3/10
Thru 3/10/14
thru 3/10
Green Waste Quarantine
Outreach
Outreach
State Pest Hotline
All sightings of coconut rhinoceros beetles or sign
of beetle damage (hole in the base of palm frond or
crown of coconut tree; or v-shaped cuts in fronds) should
be reported to 643-PEST (643-7378)
Outreach
• CNRH ARE staff and JBPHH POA conducting
outreach to on-base and nearby elementary
schools
– Live beetle demonstrations
– Adopt a trap program
– Information materials
Successes
• Support from Navy leadership
• Support from USDA and State of Hawaii DOA
• Implementation of University of Guam
expertise
• Coordination between agencies
• Innovative solutions
Challenges
• Expectations between agencies
• Conflicting issues:
– Little Fire Ant
– Red Hill fuel leak
– Dead pygmy sperm in Pearl Harbor
– Job conflicts
• Response/mitigation capability
• Navy Funding: FX or EV?
Future Considerations
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Biosecurity SOPs/protocols/Instructions
Monitoring near ports of entry
Partnerships/Cooperation with USDA
Management of green space near the airfield
Photo by: Dr. Allen Allison, Bishop Museum