Transcript Living Things

Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Table of Contents
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4.1 Photosynthesis
4.2 Respiration
4.3 Cell Division
4.4 Cell Differentiation
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
1. All living things are made of
a. tissues.
b. muscles.
c. cells.
d. chemicals.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
1. All living things are made of
a. tissues.
b. muscles.
c. cells.
d. chemicals.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Scientists observe the details of cells
a. with their bare eyes.
b. through microscopes.
c. through telescopes.
d. in petri dishes.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Scientists observe the details of cells
a. with their bare eyes.
b. through microscopes.
c. through telescopes.
d. in petri dishes.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Unlike animal cells, many plant cells contain
a. chloroplasts.
b. mitochondria.
c. cytoplasm.
d. DNA.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Unlike animal cells, many plant cells contain
a. chloroplasts.
b. mitochondria.
c. cytoplasm.
d. DNA.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Genetic information in plant and animal cells is in the cell’s
a. chloroplasts.
b. membrane.
c. nucleus.
d. walls.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Genetic information in plant and animal cells is in the cell’s
a. chloroplasts.
b. membrane.
c. nucleus.
d. walls.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
How do cells obtain the energy they need to carry
out all their functions?
Hummingbirds feed on the nectar
produced by flowers. Nectar is a
sweet liquid composed largely of
carbohydrates. What does nectar
provide for the cells of the
hummingbird?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Section 1: Photosynthesis
How does the sun supply living things with the
energy they need?
What happens during the process of
photosynthesis?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Sources of Energy
Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or
indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured during
photosynthesis.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
The Two Stages of Photosynthesis
During photosynthesis, plants and some other
organisms use energy from the sun to convert
carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Going Beyond: The Photosynthesis Process
Activity
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Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Section 2: Respiration
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What events occur during respiration?
What is fermentation?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Two Stages of Respiration
During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules
such as sugar and release the energy they contain.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Respiration is the opposite of
photosynthesis!!!
Oxygen in and energy( food) in ----
water and carbon dioxide out!
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Photosynthesis and Respiration
You can think of photosynthesis and respiration as opposite
processes.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Section 3: Cell Division
Mitosis
What events take place during the states of
the cell division?
How does the structure of DNA help account
for the way in which DNA copies itself?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Mitosis
During mitosis, the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei.
One copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two
daughter cells.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Replication of DNA
Because of the way in which the nitrogen bases pair with one
another, the order of the bases in each new DNA molecule
exactly matches the order in the original DNA molecule.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
The Cell Cycle
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Going Beyond: Cell Cycle Activity
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Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Structure of DNA
The DNA molecule, supported by
proteins, is shaped like a twisted
ladder.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Section 4:
Cell Differentiation
What is differentiation?
What factors influence how and when cells
differentiate within different organisms?
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Differentiation
Each cell in an animal is different and has the DNA
instructions for a different job. They are also experts at their
jobs.
Chapter 4 Cell Processes and Energy
Specialized Cells
Leaf cell
Undifferentiated
plant cell
Plants have undifferentiated
cells in their stems and roots
that can give rise to different
kinds of cells.
Transport cell
Root cell