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Job hazard analysis (JHA) Zurich Services Corporation Daniel Hornback, CSHM, CHS III, CRIS Seminar learning objectives By the end of this session you should be able to: © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Detail key elements of a job hazard analysis program Discuss the reasons for creating a job hazard analysis – Recognize prominent unsafe acts and conditions – Define aspects of PEME (people, equipment, materials, environment) as it relates to hazard analysis – Describe the five-step process for completing a job hazard analysis 7/16/2015 2 Purpose Control hazards that may cause system damage, injury, or affect workflow © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Workers in their first year of employment with a new employer account for more than 50%of disabling claims 7/16/2015 3 Controls Triggered by the existence of a hazard or potential hazard Hierarchy of controls Elimination (including substitution) Engineering controls © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Administrative controls Personal protective equipment 7/16/2015 4 Effective written program elements Management commitment Roles and responsibilities Incident/accident analysis Root cause Lessons learned Provisions for systematic identification, evaluation and prevention or control of hazards © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Procedures for timely correction of hazards Hazard analysis Training Audits 7/16/2015 5 Management commitment © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Drives the culture Divides the program into key activities essential for implementation or improvement Assigns responsibility and accountability for activities Empowers employees to act Sets time frames and frequencies for measuring the activities (e.g., audits) 7/16/2015 6 Roles and responsibilities – field supervision Define field supervisor expectations to: © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Analyze the work for potential hazards Maintain physical protection in work areas Reinforce employee training Use disciplinary action when required 7/16/2015 7 Roles and responsibilities – management Define management expectations to: © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Take timely corrective actions Provide good tools and equipment Make the tough decisions (shutting the job down) Plan for emergencies 7/16/2015 8 Roles and responsibilities – employees Define employee expectations to: © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Assist in developing JHA steps Ensure steps are followed Stop work if the hazards are not corrected 7/16/2015 9 Procedures for timely correction or control of hazards Engineering techniques, where feasible and appropriate Administrative controls Procedures for safe work that are understood and followed as a result of: Training Positive reinforcement Correction of unsafe performance Enforcement (disciplinary action) © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Provision for personal protective equipment 7/16/2015 10 Job hazard analysis © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Identify job tasks and hazards through a formal program Focus on the relationship between the worker, the task, and the tool or PEME (people, equipment, materials, environment) Develop steps to eliminate or reduce hazards to an acceptable risk level 7/16/2015 11 Purpose Purpose of a JHA: © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Provide a clear understanding of what the employee does and does not know about the task Recognize needed changes in equipment or procedures Provide a method to increase employee involvement Process to reduce the assumption that employees know how to perform the work safely 7/16/2015 12 Value Eliminate and prevent hazards in the workplace Resulting in fewer worker injuries and illnesses Safer, more effective work methods Consistency through use of best practices (quality control) Reduced workers' compensation costs Increased worker productivity © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Train new employees in the steps required to perform their jobs safely Ensure performance is measured through audit process Excellent corrective action tool to retain employees and correct work behaviors 7/16/2015 13 Better than just “inspecting” © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Tool to set performance standards Assists in standardizing operations based on acceptable safe practices and PPE Provides documentation regarding the employees’ knowledge of job requirements Identifies training requirements 7/16/2015 14 Which jobs to JHA © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Highest injury or illness rates Potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illness Potential for human error that could lead to a severe accident or injury Changed processes or procedures Complex enough jobs to require written instructions Arrival of numerous new workers Non-routine tasks 7/16/2015 15 Probability ratings Low High Likely that an accident could occur Very likely that an accident could occur © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Unlikely that an accident could occur Medium 7/16/2015 16 © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Decision-making matrix 7/16/2015 17 Identifying hazard types and accident categories Identification of hazard types © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation What are some hazard types found in your operations? 7/16/2015 18 People, equipment, materials, environment (PEME) © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Risk assessment quality will vary based on how well hazards are identified PEME acronym will help identify the majority of hazards associated with the task or activity Not all will be applicable for every task, but knowledge of the key issues will prepare you for most situations 7/16/2015 19 People People bring a range of issues to a task or activity Competence Training Physical or mental disabilities Physical issues Phobias Other possible people issues you may consider: © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Number of people needed for a task Management of the task Supervision requirements 7/16/2015 20 Equipment Work equipment covers a wide range of items © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Equipment appropriate for the task Equipment intrinsically hazardous Energy issues Requirements for equipment statutory testing or maintenance/calibration Equipment location Hazard confined to equipment or may have a remote effect 7/16/2015 21 Materials Review materials for substances likely to be used, required or generated by the task © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Activity/task: – Requires hazardous chemicals or substances – Generates dust, vapors, or mists that need control – Requires raw materials or large pieces of material – Generates special waste 7/16/2015 22 Environment Review environments to determine potential problems © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Means of access/egress Lighting, heating, and ventilation Slopes, ramps, and steps Slippery or damaged underfoot conditions Weather conditions Obstructions 7/16/2015 23 Five-step process for JHA Break job down into steps Describe hazards in each step Develop control measures Develop safe operating procedure (JHA) © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Observe work being performed 7/16/2015 24 Observe the work being performed © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation What are some effective methods to watch the work being done? Why is it important to involve the employee? 7/16/2015 25 Break down the job © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Write the job description in simple language (e.g., changing a tire, installing ceiling lights, mixing concrete) If there are more than 15 steps, the JHA is too complicated 7/16/2015 26 Describe the hazards © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation One of the primary purposes of the JHA is to make the job safer The information gathered in this step will be valuable in helping to eliminate and/or reduce hazards associated with the job and improve the system weaknesses that produced them 7/16/2015 27 Control measures Identify the desired control measures for each hazard Controls may include procedures, practices, PPE, etc. © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Incorporate company best practices Utilize lessons learned from previous experience 7/16/2015 28 Safe operating procedure © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Last page of the JHA Narrative or written summary of the JHA worksheets Opportunity for efficiency – gain employee buy-in 7/16/2015 29 JHA tools for success © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation The JHA is a living document. Success depends upon its use Post JHAs in the work area so it is easily accessible to employees Before work begins, challenge employees by asking questions about the work to be performed Require all field supervision to regularly review the JHA with the crew while observing the work (lead by example) Management elevates its status by using it in the field 7/16/2015 30 Which form is better? Complex or simple? The JHA form should be effective. Some environments require a more sophisticated form. Choose a form that works KISS (Keep It Simple for Supervisors) - Efficiency gains buy-in faster than anything © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Combine reports to reduce supervisor’s paperwork Let them know you are working for them…not against them! 7/16/2015 31 Sample JHA form JSHA #: Job/Task/Operation Title: Analyzed by: Title of person performing job: (x) New ( ) Revised Required/Recommended Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Reviewed by: NAME COMPANY 1. 2. 3. Sequence of Basic Job Known/Potential Steps: Hazards and Human Error Traps: © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Date: Preventive Work Practice or Procedure: Tool Used to Prevent: . . 7/16/2015 32 Sample JHA form JSHA #: 002 Analyzed by: John Doe – ABC Company Safety Director Reviewed by: NAME COMPANY 1. 2. 3. Sequence of Basic Job Steps: 1. Dozer Operation Job/Task/Operation Title: Earth Moving Activities – Subcontract No. Title of person performing job: Earth Moving Operations Personnel Known/Potential Hazards and Human Error Traps: © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation (x) New ( ) Revised Required/Recommended Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Safety Glasses, Hard Hat, Gloves, ANSI Z-41.1 Footwear, Vest, Flashing Beacon, Face Shield (if needed) Operator being thrown from cab Equipment turn over Equipment striking pedestrian Equipment striking other vehicles Dust /Open cab equipment Preventive Work Practice or Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 7/16/2015 Date: Tool Used to Prevent: Seat Belts are to use as per Site Safety Program (SSP). Pre-Job Brief/JSA Assess the hazards when working on slopes Communication and ensure that proper corrective actions will be taken to minimize the risk of injury. Adherence to SSP in reference to Mobil Equipment Operations Section - Flashing Beacons required on all vehicles entering restricted areas. Adherence to PPE requirements/Dust control measures. 33 Opportunity for efficiency JHA Narrative / Summary Sign In Sheet / Toolbox Talk / Force Report Equipment Inventory Disciplinary Actions Taken © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation Supervisor’s Daily Notes 7/16/2015 34 © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation © 2011 Zurich Services Corporation. All rights reserved. The information in this publication and presentation was compiled by Zurich Services Corporation from sources believed to be reliable. Further, all sample policies and procedures herein should serve as a guideline which you can use to create your own policies and procedures. We trust that you will customize these samples to reflect your own operations and believe that these samples may serve as a helpful platform for this endeavor. Any and all information contained herein is not intended to constitute legal advice and accordingly, you should consult with your own attorneys when developing programs and policies. We do not guarantee the accuracy of this information or any results and further assume no liability in connection with this publication and presentation and sample policies and procedures, including any information, methods or safety suggestions contained herein. Moreover, Zurich Services Corporation reminds you that this cannot be assumed to contain every acceptable safety and compliance procedure or that additional procedures might not be appropriate under the circumstances. The subject matter of this publication and presentation is not tied to any specific insurance product nor will adopting these policies and procedures ensure coverage under any insurance policy. 7/16/2015 35