Transcript New ‘Copy Rights’ and new Responsibilities: shifting the

New ‘Copy Rights’ and new Responsibilities:
shifting the boundaries of peer-reviewing.
Open Access Anthropology: Engaging
colleagues and students into self-publishing
and self-archiving.
Àngels Trias i Valls
Thursday 26 November 2009 C-SAP Conference Roles, Rights and Responsibilities
Open access Logo: Public Library of Science
Open Access
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Open Access
• Free and Unrestricted Online Availability of any scholarly materials
» “The literature that should be freely accessible online is that which scholars give to the
world without expectation of payment (…) peer-reviewed journal articles, unreviewed
preprints. (free)
» By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet,
permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full
texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use
them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than
those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. (no profit) (public gain?)
» The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in
this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the
right to be properly acknowledged and cited” (Budapest OAI)
(to have control over recognition of authorship/integrity -to decide the extent of it: ‘gain’)
* From individual sharing and self-distribution to similar others to OA becoming a
political stage.
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Open Access Publishing
• Open Access Journals
» Gold OA: journal hosted by a publisher with no barriers to online access and
free (hybrid/delayed)
» Green OA: self-archiving (deposited by the author) which may have been
published as non-open access
• 10-15% of 25,000 peer reviewed journals are Gold OA indexed. Directory of Open
Access Journals DOAJ * DOAJ: scientific, scholarly journals, high quality, peer
reviewed, editorial quality control, free, based on the Budapest Open Access Initiative
(BOAI)
• Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, OASPA. http://www.oaspa.org/ & Open
Journal System http://pkp.sfu.ca/?q=ojs / SSOAR
• What is needed for Open Access?
OA Overview
• Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most
copyright and licensing restrictions.
• OA is compatible with copyright, peer review, revenue (even profit), print,
preservation, prestige, career-advancement, indexing, and other features and
supportive services associated with conventional scholarly literature.
• The legal basis of OA is either the consent of the copyright holder or the public
domain, usually the former.
• The campaign for OA focuses on literature that authors give to the world without
expectation of payment.
• Many OA initiatives focus on taxpayer-funded research.
• OA literature is not free to produce or publish.
• OA is compatible with peer review, and all the major OA initiatives for scientific and
scholarly literature insist on its importance.
• There are two primary vehicles for delivering OA to research articles, OA journals and
OA archives or repositories.
• OA journals ("gold OA"):
• OA archives or repositories ("green OA"):
• (NEW OA ‘Monographs)
• The OA project is constructive, not destructive.
• Open access is not synonymous with universal access.
• OA is a kind of access, not a kind of business model, license, or content.
• OA serves the interests of many groups.
– Text above by Peter Suber http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm
– Peter Suber OA TimeLine
– Misunderstandings about OA / SPARC and VIMEO
Budapest, ECHO, Bethesda and
Berlin Declarations
Open Access Publishing An Open Access Publication[1] is one that meets the following two
conditions:
• The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable,
worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute,
transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works,
in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of
authorship[2], as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their
personal use.
• A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of
the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is
deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that
is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or
other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted
distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving (for the biomedical sciences,
PubMed Central is such a repository).
• Notes:
• 1. Open access is a property of individual works, not necessarily journals or
publishers.
• 2. Community standards, rather than copyright law, will continue to provide the
mechanism for enforcement of proper attribution and responsible use of the
published work, as they do now.
(Bethesda 2003), Budapest (2002), Berlin(2003)
ECHO (policy)
Examples: Surveillance and society , DAJ, GARP, JASO,
Self-Archiving and Self-Publishing
To deposit a digital document in a publicly accessible website with its metadata (author’s name
and so on) and the full document (e-prints)
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Blogging
WoldPress
Self-publishing
Vanity Publishing
Institutions using self-publishing (lulu.com)
Self-archiving
‘The Late Age of a Print-Downloable’ (Kelty)
Press/Printing as service
Podcasts
Non-profit scholarly press (B Jackson http://jasonbairdjackson.com/2009/10/12/getting-yourself-out-of-thebusiness-in-five-easy-steps/)
There is a great variety of steps that can be taken to build a different, more accessible (collective) and
progressive system of scholarly communication:
1. Choose not to submit scholarly journal articles or other works to publications owned by for-profit firms.
2. Say no, when asked to undertake peer-review work on a book or article manuscript that has been
submitted for publication by a for-profit publisher or a journal under the control of a commercial
publisher.
3. Do not seek or accept the editorship of a journal owned or under the control of a commercial publisher.
4. Do not take on the role of series editor for a book series being published by a for-profit publisher.
5. Turn down invitations to join the editorial boards of commercially published journals or book series.
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Rigorous self-archiving!
and ResearchGate free self-publishing for academics https://www.researchgate.net/
Open Access Anthropology
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1st May Open Access Anthropology Day
Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most
copyright and licensing restrictions. What makes it possible is the internet and the
consent of the author or copyright-holder.
In most fields, scholarly journals do not pay authors, who can therefore consent to OA
without losing revenue. In this respect scholars and scientists are very differently
situated from most musicians and movie-makers, and controversies about OA to
music and movies do not carry over to research literature.
OA is entirely compatible with peer review, and all the major OA initiatives for
scientific and scholarly literature insist on its importance. Just as authors of journal
articles donate their labor, so do most journal editors and referees participating in
peer review.
OA literature is not free to produce, even if it is less expensive to produce than
conventionally published literature. The question is not whether scholarly literature
can be made costless, but whether there are better ways to pay the bills than by
charging readers and creating access barriers.
http://openaccessanthropology.org/
Sudan Open Access
http://www.antropologi.info/blog/anthropology/2009/open_access_anthropology_in_af
rica_an_in
AAA Opposes OA (2004-2006) Critique to AAA (opens AA to some explorations of OA
Open Anthropology
Open Anthropology is about opening knowledge production to reciprocal and
collaborative engagements between academics and broader publics, while trying to
put that into practice on this site. It is about building on ideas and examples of ways
of speaking about the human condition that look critically at dominant discourses,
oriented toward producing a non-state, non-market, knowledge and a public practice
to suit. Open Anthropology is also an invitation to critically reexamine the
institutionalization of knowledge, looking for ways to reintegrate anthropology with
other knowledge systems, and other disciplines, while criticizing the "disciplining" of
the social sciences. Open Anthropology, as represented on this site, is explicitly about
decolonizing knowledge, combined with a pronounced anti-imperialist orientation.
(http://openanthropology.wordpress.com/)
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Open Anthropology Journal http://www.bentham.org/open/toanthj/
Oxford goes Open http://www.antropologi.info/blog/anthropology/2009/journal-of-theanthropological-society-of-oxford
Open Anthropology Cooperative http://openanthcoop.ning.com/#
Faux Access http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2008/10/07/anthro
African Journals http://pkp.sfu.ca/node/2017
Antropologi.info http://www.antropologi.info/blog/anthropology/
Self Archiving Anthropology
Archiving Anthropology
Past Questions:
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Does Material collected becomes something different once is archived?
Archiving is different from publishing
We have no control on how it is used, harder to edit, P Caplan “underwear drawer”
Preserving Records http://copar.org/bulletins.htm
Past and Current Issues:
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Multiplicity of locations –accentuated. Schmeltz, -who owns the data, who controls access, what is
fair use? Fowler & Crum
Public Anthropology
(2004) Digital Archive for Anthropology
http://publicus.culture.hu-berlin.de/collections/detail.php?dsn=2027
http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/viewArticle/1034/2235
CRESC resources http://www.cresc.ac.uk/events/archived/archiveseries/papers.html
Self-archiving for anthropologists
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http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/self-faq/
http://blog.openaccessanthropology.org/2008/02/06/self-archiving-made-easy-for-anthropologists/
http://www.antropologi.info/blog/anthropology/2009/selv-archiving-repositories-is-researchgate-thesolution
http://www.antropologi.info/blog/anthropology/2009/social-science-open-access-repository
The AAA many positions on Open
Access
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2004 to 2006 OA: Not a realistic option and full opposition
2007 to 2009 change, twitter, online control, blogs,
AAA –3/11/09 two months OA access
– A proposed legislation would require final manuscripts of peer-reviewed
journal articles based on federally-funded research to be made freely
available on government-hosted websites six months after publication
by commercial and non-profit publishers (such as the AAA). Here are
their main concerns about the legislation, expressed in a letter by these
associations:
» 1) it would undermine the value-added investments made by
publishers in the peer review process;
» 2) it would duplicate existing mechanisms that enable the public to
access scientific journals by requiring the government to establish
and maintain costly digital repositories;
» 3) it would position the government as a competitor to
independent publishers, posing a disincentive for them to sustain
investment and innovation in disseminating authoritative research.
The net result, opponents argue, is that the overall quality of
research competitiveness would be lowered.
Critiques to the AAA: changing
roles in sharing practice
Anthropologist sharing knowledge outside AAA paradigms
Anthropology Open Access Day
Open Source Anthropology
http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfqcv2wx_135dk8wj8
Libraries (as places of archive and locating repertoires and repositories
of anthropological work) – Libraries and their authors ‘have begun to
assume another role’ that of the publisher’ (Appel, Servaes 2004
Shaping a culture of sustainable access)
• Shared Knowledge
• Cooperatives of Learning / Learning and sharing practice (new
pedagogies of learning after web 2.0 technologies)
• Alternative Licensing
Shared Knowledge
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https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/3167
Anthropology of/in Circulation: The Future of Open Access and
Scholarly Societies Kriesten: ‘Questions modes and practices of
circulation’
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-Open Access: emphasis on ‘process’ rather than ‘product’ – the value
of peer-review – openeness on how editorial and peer-review is done
(closeness) – exercise on accountability – affordability –openness as
ethical expansion – re-use
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‘Mandated self-archiving’: leverage of power relations “Mandated selfarchiving universalizes the properness of "being open", which has
been shown to cause conflicts, and perhaps unnecessarily limits the
kinds of publication that can be developed out of research.”
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Research is not just ‘publication’ (collaborative research)
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Public anthropology/sociology/politics
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Dominant mode of American sociocultural anthropology (in thinking
through reading/publishing/making public/access/management of
research findings/acreditation of the value of findings/publications
Dominant mode of UK’s auditing academic practices
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Co-Operatives of Learning
• Open Anthropology Co-Operative
http://openanthcoop.ning.com/
Open Anthropology Cooperative Press
http://openanthcoop.ning.com/group/oacpre
ss
http://openanthcoop.net/press/2009/10/03/w
orking-papers-series/
Alternative Licensing, Pamflets and
Copyright Taboos:
Alternative licensing and electronic distribution of text as the future of academic
publishing
Creative Commons
Prickly Paradigm
Sahlins: "I just want to say that I truly support the idea of the free dissemination of
intellectual information, and that I truly lament the various forms of copyrights and
patents that are being put on so-called intellectual property. I also lament the
collusion of universities in licensing the results of scientific research, and thus
violating the project of the free dissemination of knowledge that is their reason for
existence. So I consider it an important act to release these books under a Creative
Commons type of license. I’m happy, and also a little proud, to do so."
The internet a new medium for pamfleting
Issues on Open Access: Reserving Rights
The “Altermodern Capitalisation of the Internet”
Authorising and Auditing Online Property-ies: reserving rights
Paradigm:
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Increased dissemination / free dissemination
fragmented public venues
costs of publication / owners of publication rights
digital publishing (producing for the Internet)
availability of work / free availability of work
diversity of work (enriched publications)
limited distribution
knowledge society
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Non traditional peer-reviewed publications
Peer-review publications
What is Peer-Review?
Accountability / Property / Community
Neo-liberal Universities and Authoring Repositories (JISC)
Learning communities
Academic ‘rights’ – ‘Reserving Rights’ and ‘Releasing Rights’ and ‘Copyleft’
Copyright - Creative Commons – Restrictions – Permission – Shared – Consent
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Profit and business model as part of the Academic model - WIPO
Freely accessible libraries, repositories, repertoires, mashing,
Access and Control
Value of Self-Archiving
Criticisms to Self-Archiving and Open Access
– AAA (AnthroSource) / What we offer as institution/gatekeeping
Copy Left
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Alternative Compensation System
Anti-copyright
Copyleft Copyleft is a play on the word copyright to describe the practice of using copyright law
to remove restrictions on distributing copies and modified versions of a work for others and
requiring that the same freedoms be preserved in modified versions.
Copyleft is a form of licensing and can be used to modify copyrights for works such as computer
software, documents, music and art.
Copynorm
Copyright aspects of downloading and streaming
Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing
Copyright-free
Creative Commons
Creative Commons Licenses
Creative Commons International
Crypto-anarchism
Database right
Digital freedom
Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control
Creativity by Lawrence Lessig
Opposition to copyright
Permission culture — neologism by Lawrence Lessig. (Wikipedia)
JISC – New Narratives of Acquisition and Control
Open Access is not self-publishing, nor a way to bypass peer-review and
publication, nor is it a kind of second-class, cut-price publishing route. It is
simply a means to make research results freely available online to the
whole research community.
Claim of origin…
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/topics/opentechnologies/openaccess.aspx
The impact of Web 2.0 on Scholarly
Societies
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The Impact of the Web 2.0 World on Scholarly Societies
AAA
JSTOR + UCP
Association for Research Libraries
Academia.eu/Mendeley.com/CiteUlike/Selectedworks/
http://www.mendeley.com/
http://www.citeulike.org/
http://www.academia.edu/
http://works.bepress.com/
• EdPunk Open Access –Teaching
• Open Anthropology co-operative –wiki resources
http://openanthcoop.ning.com/ Editorial/Repository/Working Paper
Series
• Creative Commons
Creative Commons
• http://creativecommons.org/
• http://www.creativecommons.org.uk/
Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally
Creative Commons Licence
• License your work
http://creativecommons.org/choose
Register your licensed work
•Archive your work (deposit an electronic copy of your work
somewhere)
private server/ work server/ community server / research gate
commercial Issuu / Publish lulu / wikis / wordpress / web 2.0
•Acquire a License with CC (select how you want to distribute your
work and for others to use it)
•Register your licensed work (make a note of your licenses / of your
copies)
•(example)
Links and other resources
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OAPEN http://www.oapen.org/resources_page.asp
Self-Archiving http://nodivide.wordpress.com/2009/05/15/mandated-self-archivinganthropology-and-the-military/
Scholarworks
https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2022/3167/kelty_et_al_2008.pdf?seq
uence=1
Scholarly publishing http://blog.openaccessanthropology.org/2009/10/16/editorial-oncommerical-and-not-for-profit-scholarly-publishing/
Open access anthropology http://openaccessanthropology.org/
PowerPoint on Open Access http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/temp/berlin.htm
open access bibliography http://www.escholarlypub.com/oab/oab.htm
oasis scholarly book http://www.openoasis.org/ practical steps for implementing OA
Article 12 Nov
http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=409050&c=
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open access week http://www.openaccessweek.org/
jisc booklet
http://www.jisc.ac.uk/publications/documents/openaccesscontributions.aspx#downloads
open access books http://www.library.southernct.edu/openbooks.html
Peer-reviewed open access books http://oalibrarian.blogspot.com/2008/02/oapen-peerreviewed-open-access-books.html
Workshop Description
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The workshop aims at a discussion on how anthropology is dealing with the new ‘rights’, roles and
relationships involved in self-archiving, self-publishing and shared learning in open access; and how their
impact on the ubiquitous and guarded process of peer-reviewing may impact Higher Education. This is a
workshop/seminar looking at how we negotiate relationships in the fast shifting landscape of publishing
‘rights’ -through self-publishing and open access learning communities in Higher Education.
The workshop would involve a discussion and audience participation as part of the session. The purpose
of this session would be to allow participants to learn about the new types of open access, the role of
publishing and self-archiving, and hand-on guidance on how to go about publishing and self-archiving,
and how to contribute to the expansion of open access through learning and teaching.
Traditional academic publishing and perceptions on what constitute the production of publishable
academic knowledge have undergone, with communication technologies, many shifts in perspectives
over the past two decades. The consolidation of social networking and their integration into learning
practice over this period has meant that we are now in the position to establish a genuine challenge to
the foundations of publishing ‘rights’ in traditional neo-liberal academic practice. Examples from
anthropology suggest that these new learning and sharing practices (which may included shared
downloading (legal and illegal), shared ownership of texts and teaching materials, open access
publications, open access teaching materials, non peer reviewed publications of student’s work, and selfarchiving of teacher’s unpublished papers) may have an impact on the responsibilities of the student and
teacher to each other, and will have an impact on the production of academic knowledge; it may also
produce a shift as where to locate critical thinking spaces and how to produce critical voice, as well as
how to mediate critical voice.
The workshop will make use of internet environments in situ and will be broadcasted online. There will be
a poster.
The questions the workshop may want to address are various:
How do we reflect on the new opportunities and challenges for HE with non traditional peer-reviewed
publications?
What roles does the university have in dealing with self-archiving, shared and open access based
communities of learning?
Can open access and self-publishing change the power relation in student-teacher relationship and how
do we deal with it? And what is our responsibility to teachers and students acquiring new ‘rights’ with new
‘copyright’ (copyleft) possibilities?
How can learning communities in today’s universities empower their learning experience through open
access, and are universities ready for the challenge this is going to impose on the boundaries of
academic ‘rights’?
Creative Commons License for this
work
This work is licenced under the Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK:
England & Wales License. To view a copy
of this licence, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/2.0/uk/ or send a letter to Creative
Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300,
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