Transcript Document

GOFC-GOLD Fire: an International
Program for the Coordination of
Fire Observations
C. O. Justice
University of Maryland, Department of Geography
I. Csiszar
NOAA/NESDIS, Center for Satellite Applications and Research
J.G. Goldammer
Global Fire Monitoring Center
http://gofc-fire.umd.edu
Promote interaction between a number of major communities
Remote Sensing
and Operational
R and D
Fire Observing Systems
- Experimental
- Operational
GOFC/GOLD
Fire
Fire Science
Research and
Global Change
Research
Operational Fire
and Resource
Management and
Policy
Where are we trying to go?
1. Fire Monitoring
• Secure the necessary Fire Observations to support
science and applications – satellite and ground based
• Global geostationary network – standard algorithms
(characterized differences) – <1km spatial - 15 minute
repeat – NRT delivery – active fire and FRP
• Long term polar orbiting record AM/PM – global BA
products – known accuracy – continuous record
• International constellation of operational high resolution
sensors providing 5 day cloud free global coverage
• Periodic global mapping of vegetation structure - 10m?
• Targeted rapid tasking of 3m-1m sensors or UAV’s
providing disaster monitoring and post fire assessment
• Free and open satellite data access and sharing
• National ground based observation systems in place –
open data sharing
Where are we trying to go?
2. Fire Management
– Improved use of earth observations for NRM
– Global early warning system in place complementing
national EWS
– Satellite fire data used for national fire monitoring as
appropriate
– Regional sharing of fire management resources –
emergency response
– Standardized national annual reporting w. known accuracy
utilizing satellite assets where appropriate
– Science to inform fire policies based on understanding of
fire ecology and current resources at risk
– Operational NRT Fire Emissions Modeling in place
– Fire / Air Quality policies and monitoring systems in place
– Public access to NRT information on fire risk and locations
– Post fire assessment supported by satellite data leading to
burned area recovery
Where are we trying to go?
3. Fire Science
– Better understanding of fire, land use, ecosystem and
climate feedbacks
– Accurate estimation of regional/global fire annual
emissions
– Improved understanding of fire role in Carbon and
Biogeochemical Cycles
– Fire, Smoke, Cloud interactions further understood
– Fire ecology informing fire policy and management at
the local level
– Integrated modeling of future fire trends based on
improved climate, socio economics and policy
scenarios
– Etc
GOFC-GOLD Fire Implementation Team
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Arino, Olivier – ESA, Italy
Badarinath, KVS – NRSA, India
Chuvieco, Emilio – U. Alcala, Spain
Csiszar, Ivan – NOAA, USA
DeGroot, Bill – CFS, Canada
Goldammer, Johann – Co-chair, GFMC, Germany
Grant, Allan - Australia
Justice, Chris – Co-chair, UMd, USA
Lorenz, Eckehard – DLR, Germany
Loupian, Evgeny – SRI, Russia
Lynham, Timothy – CFS, Canada
Sukhinin, Anatoly – SFI, Russia
Regional Network Fire Coordinators (GOFC network coordinator – Olga Krankina)
• South and Central America (REDLATIF) – Carlos DiBella, Argentina
• SE Asia - Mastura Mahmud, Malaysia
• Southern Africa (SAFNET) – Wisdom Dlamini, Philip Frost, Navashni Govender
• West Africa (WARN) - Cheikh Mbow, Senegal
• Northern Eurasia – Evgeny Loupian, Russia
International Land Direct Readout Committee
• Brian Schwind – USA, Rainer Ressl - Mexico, Craig Smith- Australia
CEOS Land Product Validation Working Group – Fire Focus Leads
• Kevin Tansey- UK, Luigi Boschetti – USA
GOFC-GOLD
Fire website
gofc-fire.umd.edu
Fire Monitoring IT Goals & Activities
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Spaceborne Assets
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Data and Information Products
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Global Geostationary Fire Network
Fire Monitoring with next generation Operational Polar Orbiters
High/Mod Resolution Data Continuity
Sensor Web Demonstration and Technology Development
Next Generation Fire Sensor Technologies
Regional / Global Burned Area Products
Burned Area Product Validation Protocol
Near real-time and regional fire emissions modeling
Global Fire Danger Rating System Proposal
Multi-source fire information integration
Long Term Fire Data Records
Global Fire Assessment 2010
Recent Areas
Data Distribution
– Near Real Time Global Daily Active Fire Monitoring
– Web based Fire and Imagery Distribution Systems
– GeoNetcast Distribution
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Capacity Building for Data Utilization
– Fire Regional Networks – workshops and initiatives
– Increased UN Fire Monitoring Capability
for IT Emphasis
GOFC-GOLD Regional Fire Networks
• Current GOFC-GOLD fire network initiatives – in
partnership with the regional wildland fire networks
• SAFNET- Southern Africa (http://safnet.umd.edu/)
• SEARRIN - South East Asia (http://www.eoc.ukm.my/searrin/)
• OSFAC - Central Africa (http://osfac.umd.edu/)
• REDLATIF - Latin America (http://mob.conae.gov.ar/redlatif/)
• NERIN – Northern Eurasia (http://www.fao.org/gtos/gofcgold/net-NERIN.html)
• Emerging Observation Networks
• Australasia
• Mediterranean
• East Asia - (under discussion)
• South Asia – (under discussion)
http://www.safnet.co.za/
http://www.fuego.org.ar/redlatif/index.html
Close Collaboration with
New Drivers for GOFC-GOLD Fire
• Changing World-Changing Fire Regimes – Economies and Climate
• IPCC Evolution Requiring New Science and Data Sets
– WGs 1,2,3 – Agency Emphasis on Impacts, Adaptation, Mitigation
• Changing Playing Field re. Satellite Observations
• Catastrophic Fire/On-Going Disasters – fire and forest management
• International Environmental Conventions:
– UNFCC – observations needs
– National Emissions Inventories and UN REDD
• GCOS Implementation Plan:
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Establish international standards for fire observations
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Reliable methods for accuracy assessment
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Develop and apply validation protocols
• GEO & GEOSS work plan and tasks:
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2 tasks currently directly related to fire
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Updated tasks in 2009-2011 work plan
GEOSS societal benefits and land cover
Water
Water resources / quality
Land+water use pattern
Climate
Land change & GHG emis.
Water+energy exchanges
Weather
Land–surface climate int.
Vegetation characteristics
Ecosystems
Energy
Change environment cond.
Services + accounting
Bio-energy/biomass
Wind/hydro power assess.
Agriculture
Health
Land change / disease
vectors / boundary cond.
Disasters
Fire monitoring
Land degradation assess.
Cultivation pattern+forestry
Land degradations
Biodiversity
Ecosystem characteristics
Habitats + fragmentation
Fire Relevant GEO Tasks
GEO 2009-2011 Work Plans
• DI-09-03b Implementation of a Fire Warning
System at the Global Level
– Develop a globally-coordinated warning system for fire,
including improved prediction capabilities, analysis tools
and response support through sensors, information
products and risk assessment models.
• CL-06-01c Key Climate Data from Satellite
Systems
– Establish actions securing the provision of key data for
climate studies and forecasting from satellite systems.
GOFC-Fire Response to New Drivers
International Coordination Initiatives
• Global Fire Assessment 2010
• Global Fire Early Warning System w. UN ISDR
• Global Geostationary Fire Network w. CEOS, GSICS
• ECVs, Validation and Reporting Protocols w. CEOS LPV WG
• REDD Sourcebook – Fire
• Fire Data Continuity – VIIRS, Sentinel etc
• Improving Data Access
– FIRMS >FAO
– GEONetcast Regional Access
– Land Direct Broadcast Coordination Group (ILDRCG)
Global Fire Assessment 2010
• Science is documenting changing fire regimes and climate
projections show further changes likely
• Increased availability of validated global fire products
means that a quantitative satellite-based Global
Assessment now feasible (2000-2010)
• Product would provide a baseline for monitoring fire regime
changes and contribute to IPCC WG 2
• Product could complement the 2010 UN FRA as did the
Global Fire Management Assessment 2006 (narrative) for
the 2005 FRA
• GOFC-GOLD Fire starting to coordinate the assessment
with the regional fire networks
– Thesaloniki Fire IT Meeting initial discussion
– Need to develop appropriate data sets and metrics
– Agree on National and regional reporting
Characterizing Global Fire - Metrics
Season length from MODIS active fires (2000-2005)
Giglio et al., 2006, JGR
Global Fire Early Warning System
• Proposal initially submitted to and endorsed by
UN Interagency Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(UN ISDR) in 2006
• Proposal presented at GOFC/WMO-Fire Risk
Workshop in Edmonton in 2008
• Implementation strategy document under
development by Bill DeGroot (NRCanada) and
Johann Goldammer (GFMC)
• Funding proposals being developed and floated
(e.g. ITTO, June 2009)
Goal: Develop fire danger / susceptibility products
Opportunities for partners to join the
Global Early Warning System for Wildland Fire
Coordinate with existing and upcoming systems of
wildland fire early warning and monitoring
http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/fwf/fwf.htm
Development
Phase
Goal: Establish a geostationary global fire network
-160
80
-120
GOES-W
-80
-40
GOES-E
0
MSG
40
80
120
160
COMS (116 or 128 E), MTSAT (140 E)
Global Geostationary
Active Fire Monitoring
Capabilities
60
40
20
0
partially implemented by NOAA
-20
Satellite
View Angle
-40
-60
80°
GOES-10
-80
Satellite
Active Fire
Spectral Bands
GOMS (76 E), INSAT (83 E), FY-2C (105 E)
Resolution
IGFOV (km)
SSR
(km)
65°
Full Disk
Coverage
3.9 m Saturation
Temperature (K)
Minimum Fire Size at
Equator (at 750 K) (hectares)
GOES-E/-W
Imager
1 visible
3.9 and 10.7 m
1.0
4.0 (8.0)
0.57
2.3
3 hours
>335 K (G-11)
>335 K (G-12)
0.15
GOES-10 Imager
(South America, 2006)
1 visible
3.9 and 10.7 m
1.0
4.0 (8.0)
0.57
2.3
3 hours (Full Disk)
15-min (SA)
~322 K (G-10)
0.15
1 HRV
2 visible
1.6, 3.9 and 10.8 m
1.6
4.8
4.8
1.0
3.0
3.0
15 minutes
~335 K
0.22
FY-2C SVISSR
(FY-2D, 2006)
1 visible,
3.75 and 10.8 m
1.25
5.0
30 minutes
~330 K (?)
MTSAT-1R JAMI
(HRIT)
1 visible
3.7 and 10.8 m
1.0
4.0
1 hour
~320 K
INSAT-3D
(4th Qtr, 2007)
1 vis, 1.6 m
3.9 and 10.7 m
1.0
4.0
3 visible
1.6, 3.75 and 10.7 m
1.0 km
4.0 km
30 minutes
1 visible
3.9 and 10.7 m
1.0 km
4.0 km
30 minutes
MSG SEVIRI
GOMS Elektro N2
MSU-G (2010)
COMS (2008)
0.57 ?
2.3 ?
30 minutes
0.15
GTOS and Terrestrial ECVs
Part of GEO Task CL-06-01
Progress towards
Fire Disturbance ECV
• GTOS (2008):Assessment of the Status of the Development
of Standards for the Terrestrial ECVs – Fire disturbance
(draft, 27 May 2009), GTOS-68 (in review)
• Action T32 Reanalyze historical fire measurements from
space (mod to low progress)
• Action T33 Continuous fire measurements from space
(good progress)
• Action T34 Apply common validation protocols to fire
measurements (mod to good progress)
• Action T35 Fire products available worldwide (Mod to
good progress)
ECVs and associated activities need continuing refinement
ESA Climate Change Initiative
Creating ECVs
• Phase 1: Scientific user consultation and detailed specifications (2009>)
- establish formal consultation mechanisms with the climate science programmes, including
setting up of the Climate Science Advisory Body
- learn the lessons from analysis and assimilation of existing global data products
- establish data access, Cal/Val and reprocessing requirements specific to ECVs
- establish detailed data product, algorithm, and system performance specifications
- initiate detailed requirements engineering and algorithm developments for ECVs
- initiate data gathering and re-processing activities up to Level-1B/2
• Phase 2: Systems development and data products generation (2010>)
- implement a series of high performance production systems for ECV generation
- verify the correct implementation of selected retrieval algorithms and data models
- initiate generation of large-scale long term ECV global data products
- characterise & validate products before issue to the climate modelling community
• Phase 3: Assessment, Assimilation and feedback (2011>)
- Trends assessment of all data products generated
- Comparison with independent sources including in-situ
- Use for initialization and evaluation of climate models
- Identification of anomalies, biases, discontinuities, and cal/val improvements
Validation and Reporting Protocols
GOFC w. CEOS LPV
• Requirement that CDRs/ECVs be validated –
known accuracy
• Need for international standards for validation,
methods and results reporting
• Shared validation data sets – reproduceable
results
• LPV Fire co leads – Luigi Boschetti/Kevin
Tansey
– Burned Area Protocol process completed
– Active Fire (MODIS, GOES, VIIRS, MSG) next ?
– FRP
International Land Direct Readout Committee
(http://landdirectreadout.org/)
• DB Land Advisory Group co-chaired by USFS,
Geoscience Australia and CONABIO to advise on
'community' algorithms
• Increasing involvement and promoting regional networking
of DB stations - following the Sentinel Asia Model
• Initial focus on MODIS>VIIRS Direct Readout
– Formalize the Land DR link to IPO VIIRS Algorithm Division,
International Polar Orbiting Processing Package (IPOPP)
– Ensure continuity of MODIS DB Land algorithms with VIIRS (some
VIIRS algorithms are already SPAs; integrate into IPOPP)
– Develop new MODIS and VIIRS DB Land algorithms as desired by
the DB community
– NASA Direct Readout Lab (DRL) will be the portal for EOS/NPP
VIIRS (IPOPP)
– Establish a Land DR Advisory Group to the IPOPP
• Create a regional data product sharing via a data DB web
Geoportal (clearinghouse); Links to information and data
FIRE and REDD
• GOFC- Fire has been promoting international coordination re. a Fire
Emissions Product Suite
• GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook - Fire Chapter being developed following
Jena Workshop (Boschetti, Stressa et al).
– Satellite fire data being used in some national emissions inventories
• Area burned, Fuel load and condition, Fire severity etc
– Focus on satellite fire monitoring methods
• Active fires, burned area (FRP experimental)
• Future expansion to EWS?
– Sourcebook is a working document
• Current REDD focus on forests but FAO 10% defn….
• Political aspects of REDD still evolving
• Fire REDD implementation issues will need working e.g.
– Fire exclusion not an option in some ecosystems !
– Good fire management by early season savanna burning results in
higher emissions
– Fire management can help reduce stand replacement fires but how
would this be proven on a project level (anthropogenic vs. natural?)
– Temporal aspects will be critical – extreme events El Nino
Additional New Initiatives for
GOFC-FIRE to Consider
• Continuity Products and Access from New and Next Generation Sensors GOES, VIIRS, Sentinels, China?,
India?
• Long-Term Satellite Fire Data Records
– AVHRR Global 1km Re-analysis
• International Coordination of ECVs
– Community consensus products ???
– Duplication of effort – competing products
– At a minimum shared validation data sets (CEOS LPV)
• International Landsat-class Data Acquisition
Coordination > increased coverage frequency
• Advise on REDD Fire Implementation issues
• New GOFC Fire IT Leads – changing of the guard
Recent and upcoming meetings
• International EOS/NPP Direct Readout Meeting
– 3/31/2008 - 4/4/2008 Bangkok, Thailand
• International Workshop on Advances in Operational Weather
Systems for Fire Danger Rating
– 7/14/2008 - 7/16/2008 Edmonton, Canada
• 7th SAFNet workshop
– 9/22/2008 - 9/26/2008 Caprivi, Namibia
• 14th Australasian R. S. and P. Conference
– 9/29/2008 - 10/3/2008 Darwin, Australia Fire Remote Sensing
• Redlatif Workshop
– 10/22/2008 – 10/24/2008 Buenos Aires, Argentina
• 7th International Workshop of the EARSeL Special Interest Group
on Forest Fires
– 9/2/2009 – 9/5/2009, Matera, Italy
• Monitoring land cover, land use and fire in agricultural and semiarid regions of Northern Eurasia (NASA LCLUC, GOFC, MAIRS)
– 9/15/2009 – 9/20/2009, Almaty, Kazakhstan
• EUMETSAT Training Workshop “MSG Land Surface Applications:
Drought & Fires”
– 9/7/2009 – 9/10/2009, Sofia, Bulgaria
Continuing Challenges for GOFCGOLD Fire
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Resources for Regional Networks – UN ?
Funding and implementation plan for EWS - ?
Support for the International Global Fire Assessment
Help users understand the different products
– Product inter-comparison and regional joint validation initiatives via
the GOFC / UN Fire Networks
• Putting Fire higher on the agency observation priorities
• Ensuring continued support for GOFC-GOLD Fire related
activities – need a fire project office?
• A Global Fire Monitoring System of Systems !?*!?