Transcript No Slide Title

TOXIC TRACE METALS IN SURFACEWATERS
Al Aluminum
Pb
Sb Antimony
Mn Manganese
As Arsenic
Hg Mercury
Ba Barium
Ni
Nickel
Be Beryllium
Se
Selenium
Cd Cadmium
Ag Silver
Cr Chromium
Tl
Cu Copper
Zn Zinc
>10,000
100 to 10,000
Lead
Thallium
1 to 100
<1
1997 All previous water column metals data were
considered unreliable.
1998 Adopted new water quality standards for dissolved
metals.
The new WQS were orders of magnitude below previous
reporting levels.
Mercury had the lowest WQS at 12 parts per trillion!
1997 to 1999 VADEQ developed an ultra low level
sample collection method.
Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services
developed ultra low methods of analyses.
Since 1998 we have collected 1639 samples at
500 locations.
Locations include Elizabeth River, Acid Mine
Drainage Sites, Probabilistic Sites, Gulf Stream,
Mid Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Thailand and remote
mountain streams on the Island of Ko Kood,
South China Sea.
The dissolved trace element concentrations are
the same worldwide except where
anthropogenic sources contribute. Examples
are the Elizabeth River and acid mine drainage
sites.
Municipal Wastewater
Final Effluent, Copper ug/L
100.00
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
before clean
10.00
after clean
1.00
total recoverable
dissolved
Lead ug/L
Municipal Wastewater Final Effluent
10.00
c
o
n
c
e
n
t 1.00
r
a
t
i
o
n
before clean
after clean
0.10
total recoverable
dissolved
Roger E. Stewart II
[email protected]