Transcript WJR Consulting Inc. Bill Rose

“Wireless Entertainment Myths, Hype, and Reality”
Bill Rose
WJR Consulting Inc.
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Memberships
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Chairman, CEA Home Networking Committee (R7)
Chairman, CEA Technology and Standards Council
CEA Home Networking and IT Board of Directors
Video Systems – R4
DTV Interface – R4.8
VHN (IP over 1394) – R7.4
A/V Network – R7.5
Digital Entertainment Network
(IP over Ethernet) – R7.6
• Wireless Entertainment Networking – R7.7
• Cable Compatibility – R8
• IEEE Communication Society
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Consumer Electronics
A Brief History
Highly Successful Products
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Radio
TV
Transistor Radio
Walkman
• PC???
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• VCR
• Cable TV
• CD
• DVD
What Do They Have In
Common?
• Simple to Understand
– Single, targeted functionality
• Simple to Use
– Works out of the box
• Reliable
• (Mostly) Interoperable
Except for the PC
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
PC – Why The Success?
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Took 15 Years for Home PC
Games, preloaded software
Windows 3.0/98
Apple
Functionality – Something for everyone
Internet and Porn
And it still doesn’t have the installed base
of most of the others
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Audience Participation
QUESTION 1:
• What is the Most Complex Thing
in the Home?
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Audience Participation
QUESTION 2:
• What is the Most Complex Thing
at the Office?
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Audience Participation
• Question 3:
• Put Them Together In A Typical Home And
What Do You Get?
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What if ABS Brakes Were Designed By
Network Engineers?
• Menu Driven Options
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Update Driver
Road Type
Road Conditions
Type of Driver
– HELP
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Crash?
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Wireless Entertainment:
Consumer Expectations
• Wired Performance w/o the wires
– Real-time A/V distribution without interruptions
(QoS)
– Full resolution - SD today, HD tomorrow
– After Overhead, BER / PER, Collisions and Retries,
Multi-path loss, Attenuation, ….
– Coverage - Everywhere
– Premium Content: Copy Protection / DRM
– Security
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
A Word About CP/DRM &
Wireless Networking
• It can be done
• It must
– Meet minimal content owner requirements
– Ensure protection with legacy devices
• 3DES or AES is preferred encryption
– Others will need to be examined
• 5C can be extended for wireless 1394
– But issues remain, esp. w/ WiFi
• Will probably need to negotiate w/ AP due to
timing issues
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Highway or Railroad
• WiFi (CSMA/CA) is like a highway
Traffic affects access, time of arrival, number
of accidents – no guarantees
• TDMA/TDD is like a railroad
Reserved space, known speed, guaranteed time
of arrival
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The Wireless Highway –
CSMA/CA
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The WiFi Highway
• Cars wait to enter until there is space
– Contention Period: No traffic cops, stop
and go, delays
• Traffic can enter any time
• Every vehicle has the same right of way
(without priority implemented)
• Collisions - due to hidden nodes
• Traffic flow can become unstable - traffic
jams
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
The WiFi Highway
• With “TGe” (depending on the options
selected)
– Adds traffic cop – Hybrid Coordinator
– Traffic enters based on need/priority
• Emergency vehicles (everyone else waits)
– Smaller but still variable spacing between
vehicles to minimize collisions (jitter, delay)
– Increases overhead reducing bandwidth
– Traffic can still become destabilized
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The TDMA RAILROAD
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The TDMA Railroad
• Every train (frame) runs on a schedule
• Space is reserved
• No spacing between cars (no variable backoff/wait)
• Arrival times are guaranteed (latency, jitter)
• Space can be assigned long term or for a single
trip (Isochronous, asynchronous)
• No collisions or hidden nodes – fully managed
system
• No traffic jams
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
802.11 Throughput Analysis
Assumptions
• Favorable
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Ideal Conditions (no attenuation)
No Bit Errors/Packet Errors
No Contention (no hidden nodes)
Large Packet sizes (1300 bytes)
• Unfavorable
– TCP Traffic
– Ack for every packet
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Throughput Analysis
Technology
Raw
Throughput
Actual TCP payload
throughput
11b
11 Mbps
5.6 Mbps
11a
54 Mbps
27.3 Mbps
11g, no protection
54 Mbps
29.0 Mbps
11g, CTS-to-self protection
54 Mbps
13.4 Mbps
11g, RTS/CTS protection
54 Mbps
8.9 Mbps
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Reductions to Throughput
• Hidden Node/Collisions – reduce “b”, “a” and
non-protection “g” by 25-50%
• “g” protected mode required for “b” nodes
• Bit/Packet Errors - 3 Solutions
– Retransmit packets – 25-50%
– Reduce Packet size – 25-50%
– FEC: Not built in, app layer
• Real World attenuation/noise, other networks
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Additions to Throughput
• UDP not TCP likely to be used for A/V
– No Acks but leaves bit-error issue to Applic.
• If TCP used, “g” can group Acks
• FEC can be added in app layer but
requires more resources
• Buffering can minimize delay/jitter effects
Bottom line – Data, music, Yes; Video, No
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Throughput Analysis
Technology
Raw
Throughput
Real World payload
Throughput – est.
11b
11 Mbps
1-2 Mbps
11a
54 Mbps
5-10 Mbps
11g, no protection
54 Mbps
4-12 Mbps
11g, CTS-to-self protection
54 Mbps
4-8 Mbps
11g, RTS/CTS protection
54 Mbps
3-6 Mbps
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Other WiFi Solutions - ViXS
• Trans-code, Trans-rate solution
– MPEG2 <-> MPEG4, etc.
– Varies resolution on-the-fly to deal
with variable bandwidth
– Can operate with any wireless solution
• Diversity antenna to maximize signal
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
ViXS - Issues
• Cost
– multiple CODECs
– ViXS code/ICs
– more device resources
• Variable resolution may not be
suitable for service providers
• Consumer blames CE device for loss
of resolution
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
IEEE 802.11x – The Bottom Line
• Many in CE/MSO industries believe
802.11x cannot deliver adequate QoS for
streaming video due to its reliance on
CSMA/CA
• No Copy Protection/DRM (5C??)
• Great for Data, maybe music (pointpoint), not video
• Industry shake-out has begun
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA)
• MAC Frame consists of time slots
• Allocated by central control point
• Typically there is one contention slot
where devices can request a time slot
– Also used for asynchronous data
• QoS, reserved bandwidth
• Most include encryption, key exchange,
FEC
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA)
Advantages
• Most support both Isochronous streams,
asynchronous IP/data
• Guaranteed bandwidth
• Determinant latency, jitter
• Enables improved RF performance
(distance/throughput)
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TDMA Network Examples
• Magis AIR5TM
• Hiperlan2
• 802.15.3
• 802.15.3a (UWB)
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Magis Networks AIR5
• Designed for Entertainment networks
– Full QoS
– Security – 3DES, public and private key
exchange (copy protection/DRM)
– Support for wireless 1394
– Multiple MPEG2 SD streams
– HDTV whole-home throughput
– Simultaneous TCP/IP, video, audio
• TDMA MAC, subset of Hiperlan2 MAC
• 802.11a phy - Coexists with 802.11x
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Magis AIR5TM
• 42 Mbps real throughput
• Enhanced Phy/RF/Antenna design for
extended range
– Multiple Antennas for diversity
– Multi-path improves performance
– 15-20 dB improvement over typical
802.11a implementations
– >30 Mbps over 50 Meters in home
environment
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Magis AIR5TM
• PER: 10-10 after FEC, minimizes lost packets
• Power and Frequency agile
• Adjacent Channel Utilization
• MPEG2 input port reduces software
requirements, overhead, resources
• Strong CE support
• Working with SIG, CEA for standards
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Hyperlan 2
• European TDMA based standard for 5 GHz RF
networks – derived from access side
– Support for roaming
– Adds cost to devices through complexity
• >50 Mbps raw throughput (similar to 802.11a)
• >40 Mbps payload throughput
• Includes excellent QoS, adaptive power, agile
frequency control, 3DES security
• Currently not being used in US
• Appears to be dying in Europe as well
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
TDMA Solutions - IEEE 802.15.3
• Also developed for A/V apps
– QoS, FEC, etc.
• Wireless PAN solution - <10 meters
– Potential for longer distances
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Operates in the congested 2.4 GHz band
IEEE / WiMedia focusing on UWB
Complex implementation at app layer
No products / ICs available at this point
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) –
802.15.3a
• Uses 802.15.3 MAC
• Potential (Claims)
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Huge potential bandwidth (400 Mbps?)
Inherently more secure
Low power
Low or no interference with other RF
implementations
• If true, then why go to multi-band?
– Still 2-4 years off
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) –
802.15.3a
• (At least) 2 Approaches
– Multi-channel
• Adaptive approach to avoid bands where
other radios are operating – 802.11, etc.
• Strong support by Intel, others
• More costly, more power, more flexible
– Single channel
• Uses 1 (or 2) wide band for all
communications
• Less support
among “Bigs”
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
Ultra-Wide Band
• Issues
– Standard in process but contention at
IEEE 802.15.3a, WiMedia on approach
– FCC approved for use at 3.1 –10.6 GHz
GHz w/ further review possible
• 10 meters/30 feet, indoor use
• Large drop off in throughput w/
distance
– Must take total cost into account
– US only: Europe/Japan pending
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
RF - Conclusions
• WiFi is for PC/Data (802.11g)
• A/V is the next Killer App
• What to watch:
– Magis Networks AIR5 – Products at CES
• UWB for PANs
• Wireless and wired are both needed
• Security issues
– Wireless devices are behind the firewall
• Ignore the WiFi hype
payload at app layer is what counts
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
CEA and Home Networking
Standards
• R7 is Home Networking Committee
• 5 Subcommittees working on HN
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R7.1: Controls (LonTalk)
R7.4: IP over 1394 for Backbones
R7.5: A/V Networking higher layer issues
R7.6: IP over Ethernet for Entertainment
R7.7: Wireless
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
R7.4 – Versatile Home Network
• VHN is IP over 1394b backbone
– Connects cluster networks to each other
– Proxy non-IP networks
• WG10 – VHN Rewrite
– V 1.0 Released
– Rewriting to include UPnP for
• Discovery, Addressing, Others
– IPV4/IPV6 issues
– Others
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
R7.5 – A/V Networking
• WG1 Architecture
– Adapter Standard: CEA 2005 Draft
• Adapting Ethernet   1394
– Architecture
• Discussions ongoing on approach
• WG3: CEA 931b (approved)
– Man-Machine interface
– Specified in MSO/CE Plug and Play
Agreement, recent FCC NPRM
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
R7.5 – A/V Networking
• WG8 QoS: CEA 2007 DRAFT
– 8 Priorities based on 802.1d
• 2-3 Best Effort
• 2-3 Parameterized
• Created to allow connection to isoch
networks
• UPnP looking at similar approach
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R7.5 – A/V Networking
• WG 10 Power
– Looking at issues relating power usage
in networked devices
• Off, On, Standby, etc.
• Similar to Energy Star approach
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R7.6 – Digital Entertainment
Network
• CEA 2008 (Released)
• IP over Ethernet
– Specifies UPnP for discovery, addressing, etc.
– Mandatory and optional media formats
– May be broken out into architecture
common across R7.4/R7.5/R7.6, plus
Phy/MAC (in discussion in all S/Cs)
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
R7.7 – Wireless Entertainment
Networks
• Currently looking at application
needs and mapping to technology
solutions
• Future work may include
– Std testing of wireless solutions
– Wireless standards if needed
• R7.7 Candidate Table
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.
For More Information Contact
Bill Rose
WJR Consulting Inc.
[email protected]
© 2004 WJR Consulting Inc.