Transcript Aggregate Water Treatment Costs due to MTBE Contamination

Energy STAR
Program
ESM 595 F
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ENERGY STAR
ENERGY STAR is a voluntary partnership
between:
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Product manufacturers
Local utilities
Retailers
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Energy STAR
Manufacturing Partners:
Participate in development of targets
Participate in development of tests
Do the product design & development
Place the Energy STAR logo on their products
Retailing Partners:
Promote efficient products with the ENERGY STAR
logo
Educate consumers about the unique benefits of
energy efficiency product
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Energy STAR
“EPA promotes energy efficiency because
electricity generation contributes to air
pollution, including significant emissions
of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and
carbon dioxide, which are major
contributors to the problem of global
climate change”
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Products
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Appliances
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Washers
Front-loading ENERGY STAR® models are
similar in design to washers used in
laundromats.
These horizontal-axis or tumble-action
machines repeatedly lift and drop clothes,
instead of moving clothes around a
central axis.
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Washers
Top-loading ENERGY STAR® washers
use sensor technology to closely
control the incoming water
temperature.
To reduce water consumption:
spray clothes with repeated highpressure rinses to remove soap residues
rather than soaking them in a full tub of
rinse water.
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Washers
What does this mean to you? It means..
Nearly 50 percent less water and 30%40% less energy used per load
Washer design causes less wear and tear
on clothes
Bulky items such as blankets fit easily in
the super capacity basket.
Better water extraction means less dryer
time, for further energy savings
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Washers
A typical household does nearly 400 loads of
laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of
water per full load with a conventional
washer.
In contrast, a full-size ENERGY STAR®
clothes washer uses 20-25 gallons per load.
You could save as much as 7,000 gallons of
water per year
And, you are saving all the energy that would
have been needed to heat that water
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Refrigerator
Your Home's Biggest Power User
The refrigerator is the single biggest power
consumer in most households
A typical refrigerator made around 1990 uses
about over 900 kilowatt hours per year - that's
the same amount of energy you would use by
leaving a 1,250 watt hairdryer on for a month!
The older your refrigerator is, the more
power it burns
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Refrigerator
ENERGY STAR® refrigerators incorporate a
number of advanced features to save energy:
 Better insulation - compressor needs to run less
often to keep it cold
 More efficient compressors
 Improved heat transfer surfaces
 More precise temperature and defrost
mechanisms
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Refrigerator
Also, improved insulation means that the
compressor needs to run less often.
This keeps the kitchen cooler, since the
compressor produces heat while it is running,
actually reducing the need to air condition
and improving comfort.
ENERGY STAR® refrigerators must exceed
minimum federal standards for energy
consumption by at least 20%.
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Refrigerator
What about manual defrost refrigerators?
Manual defrost refrigerators are not covered under
the ENERGY STAR® program, but are generally more
efficient than automatic defrost refrigerators.
Proper maintenance of manual defrost refrigerators
is necessary to realize the energy savings.
The Department of Energy offers tips on buying
refrigerators and lowering the energy usage of your
refrigerator.
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Save Energy While Keeping Cool
ENERGY STAR® Room Air Conditioners
feature
high-efficiency compressors
high-efficiency fan motors
high-efficiency heat transfer surfaces
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ENERGY STAR® Room Air Conditioners
Air is cooled when it passes over the
refrigerant coils which have fins, similar to an
automobile radiator.
Compressor sends cooled refrigerant
through the coils, and cools the air as it is
forced over the coils.
Using advanced heat transfer technologies,
more of the heat from the air is transferred
into the coils than in conventional models,
saving energy required to compress the
refrigerant.
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ENERGY STAR® Room Air Conditioners
ENERGY STAR® Room Air Conditioners
must exceed minimum federal standards for
energy consumption by at least 15%.
Buy The Right Size
Many people buy an air conditioner that is too
large for the space, thinking it will cool better.
In an oversized air conditioner will actually be less
effective than one that is the correct size, and
waste energy at the same time.
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ENERGY STAR® Room Air Conditioners
Air conditioners remove heat and humidity from
the air.
Humidity is removed when the air in a room
passes over the cooling coils of an air conditioner.
If the unit is too large, it will cool the room quickly,
but only remove a portion of the humidity. This
leaves the room with a damp, clammy feeling to
the air, since the air will not have been circulated
enough.
A properly sized unit will remove humidity
effectively as it cools.
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ENERGY STAR® Room Air Conditioners
AREA TO BE COOLED2
CAPACITY (BTU/HR)
– 100 to 150
5,000
– 150 to 250
6,000
– 250 to 300
7,000
– 300 to 350
8,000
– 350 to 400
9,000
– 400 to 450
10,000
 If the room is heavily shaded, reduce capacity by 10%
 If the room is very sunny, increase capacity by 10%
 If more than 2 people regularly occupy the room, add
600 Btu/Hr for each additional person
 If the unit is for a kitchen, increase the capacity by 4,000
Btu/Hr.
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Electronic Appliances
TVs and VCRs
ENERGY STAR-labeled TVs require 3 watts or less
of power when switched off, an energy savings of up
to 75% over conventional models, which consume as
much as 12 watts while off.
ENERGY STAR-labeled VCRs require 4 watts or less
of power when switched off, an energy savings of up
to 70% over conventional models, which consume as
much as 13 watts while switched off.
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Electronic Appliances
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Electronic Appliances
ENERGY STAR labeled Home Audio products
consume no more than 2 Watts when switched
off. Home audio products include cassette
decks, CD players/changers, clock radios ...
ENERGY STAR labeled DVD (digital versatile
disk) players can consume only 3 Watts when
switched off
Starting in 2003, ENERGY STAR Home Audio
and DVD products will consume no more than 1
Watt when switched off.
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Electronic Appliances
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Office Equipment
Energy use by office equipment is one of
the fastest-growing sources of electricity
consumption in businesses and homes
It currently accounts for more than 7
percent of total commercial sector
electricity use
Much of this energy is wasted because
office equipment sits idle for long periods.
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Fast Facts on Office Equipment
"If over the next 15 years everyone were
to buy only those energy-efficient products
marked in stores with EPA's distinctive
ENERGY STAR® label, we could shrink
our energy bills by a total of about $100
billion over the next 15 years and
dramatically cut greenhouse gas
emissions."
~ President Clinton during a speech to announce his climate change
policy (Washington, DC), October 22, 1997
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Fast Facts on Office Equipment
 In 1999, if everyone were to purchase only office
equipment with the ENERGY STAR label, our nation
would save about $1.5 billion a year in energy bills and
cut the air pollution equal to the amount produced by
more than 3 million cars.
 Most computer users don't realize that while a screen
saver is running, their monitor is not saving energy.
 For a typical American business with 100 computers, 10
laser printers and 3 copiers, more than $4,700 is spent
each year to power the equipment. However, if the
equipment is ENERGY STAR-compliant, only $2,081 is
spent on this electricity.
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Fast Facts on Office Equipment
 An ENERGY STAR-labeled monitor consumes up to 90
percent less energy than models without power
management features.
 Each year, consumers pay $1.8 billion in energy costs
just to operate office equipment used in homes and
businesses.
 The average home office energy bill in the United States
is $135. However, by purchasing an ENERGY STARcompliant computer, monitor and fax machine, the
average home office can cut its energy bill by as much
as 45 percent.
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EXIT Signs
As a nation, we spend about $1 billion annually
to operate all the exit signs in buildings
By the year 2000, companies could be saving
800 million kilowatts of electricity per year
through the use of ENERGY STAR-labeled exit
signs. That's a total savings of almost $70
million each year!
An ENERGY STAR-labeled exit sign operates on
less than 5 watts per face, using less energy
than a typical exit sign.
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EXIT Signs
 Each year, just one ENERGY STAR-labeled exit sign can
save about $15-$20 in electricity costs when compared
with the typical, incandescent signs.
 Most conventional exit signs are fitted with typical highwattage incandescent bulbs, which use more electricity
than newer technologies, and need to be replaced every
few months.
 One exit sign can cost over $30 each year to operate.
Plus, additional maintenance costs to replace burnt-out
bulbs can reach hundreds of dollars annually.
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Retail Partner
 More than 1,100 national and local retailers are
advertising and labeling qualified products nationally,
and many more retailers are joining the program..
 Retail Partners receive:
 Free point-of-purchase and sales training
materials
 Listing on ENERGY STAR website store locator
and federal consumer information hotlines
 Access to utility and manufacturer promotions
 Leverage from ongoing national brand
awareness campaign
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Retail Partner
 In return, Partners agree to:
Label qualifying products as they reach the
showroom
Display point-of-purchase materials and consumer
brochures in stores
Offer promotions on ENERGY STAR-labeled
products
Advertise ENERGY STAR-labeled products in sales
fliers
Conduct training for sales associates, using our
special sales guide.
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New Products
Given the success of
these partnerships,
EPA is expanding its
ENERGY STAR
Labeling Programs to
include:
 Set-top Boxes
 Commercial Ice Machines
 Residential Spot Ventilation
Fans
 Ceiling Fans
 Vending Machines
 LED Traffic Lights
 Telephony
 Water Coolers
 Residential Dehumidifiers
 Reach-in Refrigerators and
Freezers
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ENERGY STAR Set-top Box Program
The new ENERGY STAR Set-top Box
Program will include:
Analog/digital cable boxes
HDTV and DTV converter boxes
Internet access devices (IADs)
Video game consoles
Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) systems
Videophone set-top boxes
Digital TV receivers
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Set-top Box Program
 WHY SET-TOP BOXES?
 Substantial Standby Power Consumption. In
standby mode (i.e., when switched off), set-top
boxes continue to consume energy, in order to
provide clock functions, remote control use,
memory maintenance, and other features.
 Market Penetration. According to Cahners InStat Group ("Set-top Market Frenzy," Electronic
News, February 8, 1999) the market for set-top
boxes (including only DBS, cable, and DTV boxes)
is forecasted to expand to $7.4 billion by the year
2002 from $3.9 billion last year.
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Fast Facts
 The amount of energy used when off is nearly equal to the
amount needed to operate set-top boxes in their primary
function or active mode. (LBNL, ACEEE)
 Cable, satellite, and Internet access set-top boxes, as well
as video game consoles, consume an estimated 7 billion
kWh per year, producing pollution roughly equivalent to
that of over 1 million cars.
 Americans spend over $618 million on utility bills to power
these electronic devices. Set-top boxes consume much of
this energy while consumers are not watching television or
using these products.
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