Transcript HL1115 Influences on Health at Work

Safety in Small to Medium
Enterprises
Sean Mahar, PhD, CIH, CSP, PE
Important legislation
• The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act
• Management of Health and Safety at Work
• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
• The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and
Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
• Workplace health, safety and welfare
Risk Assessment
• Council Directive 89/391/EEC
• Management of Health and Safety at
Work 1999
• Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health 2002 (COSHH)
Hazard and Risk
• Hazard: the inherent potential to cause
harm or injury
• Risk: the likelihood of harm or injury
arising from a hazard
Hazard and Risk
• Hazard is the potential
• Risk is the likelihood
Risk Assessment
Council Directive 89/391/EEC
Article 9, Various obligations on
employers
The employer shall be in possession of
an assessment of the risks to safety
and health at work, including those
facing groups of workers exposed to
particular risks;
Risk Assessment
Management of Health and Safety at
Work 1999
Regulation 3 Risk Assessment,
requires employers to make a
suitable and sufficient assessment of
risks to the health and safety of their
employees whilst at work
Risk Assessment
Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health 2002 (COSHH)
Regulation 6 Risk Assessment,
requires employers to make a
suitable and sufficient assessment of
risks to the health and safety of their
employees whilst at work
Risk Assessment
A "suitable and sufficient" assessment:
•
correctly identifies any significant
risk that is reasonably foreseeable
•
enables the assessor to decide what
action needs to be taken, and what
the priorities should be
•
is appropriate for the type of activity
Risk Assessment
•
remains valid for a reasonable time
•
reflects what employers may
reasonably practicably be expected to
know about the risks associated with
their undertaking.
Risk Assessment
It should:
•
disregard inconsequential risks and
those trivial risks associated with life
in general
•
determine the likelihood of injury or
harm arising
Risk Assessment
•
quantify the severity of the
consequences and the numbers of
people who would be affected
•
take into account any existing control
measures
•
identify any specific legal duty or
requirement relating to the hazard
Risk Assessment
•
remain valid for a reasonable period
of time
•
provide sufficient information to
enable the employer to decide upon
appropriate control measures, taking
into account the latest scientific
developments and advances
•
enable the employer to prioritise
remedial measures
Risk Assessment
1. Look for the hazards
2. Decide who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide whether
the existing precautions are adequate
or whether more should be done
4. Record your findings
5. Review your assessment and revise it
if necessary
Hazard
• Look only for hazards which you
could reasonably expect to result in
significant harm under the
conditions in your workplace.
Hazards
• slipping/tripping hazards (eg poorly
maintained floors or stairs)
• fire (eg from flammable materials)
• chemicals (eg essentail oils)
• electricity (eg poor wiring)
• manual handling
• poor lighting
Review and revision
If there is any significant change, add
to the assessment to take account of
the new hazard, eg when bringing in
new
• machines
• substances
• procedures
may introduce significant new hazards.
Gathering information
COSHH Risk Assessment
The risk assessment shall include
consideration of • the hazardous properties of the
substance;
• information on health effects
provided by the supplier, including
information contained in any relevant
safety data sheet;
COSHH Risk Assessment
• the level, type and duration of
exposure;
• the circumstances of the work,
including the amount of the
substance involved;
• activities, such as maintenance,
where there is the potential for a
high level of exposure;
COSHH Risk Assessment
• any relevant occupational exposure
standard, maximum exposure limit or
similar occupational exposure limit;
• the effect of preventive and control
measures which have been or will be
taken in accordance with regulation 7;
COSHH Risk Assessment
• in circumstances where the work will
involve exposure to more than one
substance hazardous to health, the
risk presented by exposure to such
substances in combination;
• the approved classification of any
biological agent;
Gathering Information
•
Identification of relevant hazardous
substances including intermediate
products.
•
General sources of information - texts,
journals, microfiche and computer
databases, HSE, trade literature, other.
Gathering Information
•
Specific sources of information - data
sheets, requirement for suppliers to
provide information, The Chemicals
(Hazard Information and Packaging for
Supply) Regulations 2002, Interpretation of
safety data sheets. Use of specialist
advice.
Gather information
The hazardous substances used or produced
(chemical, biological), including
intermediates (substances inventory). NB.
the problem of trade names, mixtures.
Sources of information
• HSE EH Series
• The Chemical (Hazard Information and
Packaging For Supply) Regulations
2002
• Computer databases
• Journals
• Trade literature.
Labels
MSDS
Databases
The Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory
Oxford University Chemical and
Other Safety Information
http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/#MSDS
Databases
University of Bristol School of
Chemistry Material Safety Data
Sheets
www.tlchm.bris.ac.uk/safety/msds.htm
CHIP
The Chemicals (Hazard Information
and Packaging for Supply)
Regulations 2002
• Part I - Preliminary
• Part 2 - General requirements
• Part 3 - Miscellaneous
CHIP General requirements
4) Classification of dangerous substances
and dangerous preparations.
5) Safety data sheets for dangerous
substances, dangerous preparations and
certain other preparations.
6) Advertisements for dangerous
substances and dangerous preparations.
CHIP General requirements
7) Packaging of dangerous substances and
dangerous preparations.
8) Labelling of dangerous substances and
dangerous preparations.
9) Particular labelling requirements for
certain preparations.
CHIP General requirements
10)Methods of marking or labelling
packages.
11)Child resistant fastenings, tactile warning
devices and other consumer protection
measures.
12)Retention of data for dangerous
preparations.
CHIP
www.hse.gov.uk/chip/phrases.htm
• Abbreviation/description of hazard
• Risk phrases
• Safety phrases
• Symbols
CHIP categories
• Physicochemical Properties
• Health Effects
• Environmental Effects
Explosive (E)
Chemicals that explode
Oxidising (O)
Chemicals that react
exothermically with
other chemicals
Extremely Flammable (F+)
Chemicals that have an
extremely low flash
point and boiling point,
and gases that catch
fire in contact with air
Highly Flammable (F)
Chemicals that may
catch fire in contact
with air, only need
brief contact with an
ignition source, have a
very low flash point or
evolve highly
flammable gases in
contact with water
Very toxic (T+)
Substances and
preparations which in
very low quantities
cause death or acute
or chronic damage to
health when inhaled,
swallowed or
absorbed via the skin.
Toxic (T)
Substances and
preparations which in
low quantities cause
death or acute or
chronic damage to
health when inhaled,
swallowed or
absorbed via the skin.
Harmful (Xn)
Substances and
preparations which
may cause death or
acute or chronic
damage to health
when inhaled,
swallowed or
absorbed via the skin.
Sensitising (Xi, Xn)
Substances and preparations which, if
they are inhaled or if they
penetrate the skin, are capable of
eliciting a reaction by
hypersensitization such that on
further exposure to the substance
or preparation, characteristic
adverse effects are produced.
Dangerous for the environment (N)
Substances and
preparations which, were
they to enter into the
environment, would
present or might present
an immediate or delayed
danger for one or more
components of the
environment.
Physicochemical Properties
Explosive can explode
Oxidising react exothermically with other
chemicals
Extremely flammable extremely low flash
point and boiling point, and gases that
catch fire in contact with air
Physicochemical Properties
Highly flammable may catch fire in
contact with air, only need brief contact
with an ignition source, have a very low
flash point or evolve highly flammable
gases in contact with water
Health
Very toxic cause damage to health at
very low levels
Toxic cause damage to health at low
levels
Carcinogen may cause cancer or
increase its incidence
Health
Mutagen induce heritable genetic defects
or increase their incidence
Reproductive Toxin produce or increase
the incidence of non-heritable effects
in progeny and/or an impairment in
reproductive functions or capacity
Health
Harmful may cause damage to health
Corrosive may destroy living tissue on
contact
Irritant may cause inflammation to the skin
or other mucous membranes
Sensitiser capable of eliciting a reaction by
hypersensitization
Environment
Dangerous for the environment present
or might present an immediate or
delayed danger for one or more
components of the environment
CHIP Risk Phrases
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
R1 Explosive when dry
R11 Highly flammable
R21 Harmful in contact with skin
R25 Toxic if swallowed
R36 Irritating to eyes
R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes
R68 Possible risk of irreversible effects
CHIP Risk Phrases
• R48 Danger of serious damage to
health by prolonged exposure
• R48/20 Harmful: danger of serious
damage to health by prolonged
exposure through inhalation
• R48/20/21 Harmful: danger of serious
damage to health by prolonged
exposure through inhalation and in
contact with skin
CHIP Risk Phrases
• R48/20/21/22 Harmful: danger of
serious damage to health by prolonged
exposure through inhalation, in contact
with skin and if swallowed
• R48/20/22 Harmful: danger of serious
damage to health by prolonged
exposure through inhalation and if
swallowed
CHIP Risk Phrases
• R20 Harmful by inhalation
• R21 Harmful in contact with skin
• R22 Harmful if swallowed
Inhalation
R20 Harmful by
inhalation
R23 Toxic by
inhalation
R26 Very toxic by
inhalation
Skin Contact
R21 Harmful in
contact with skin
R24 Toxic in
contact with skin
R27 Very toxic in
contact with skin
Ingestion
R22 Harmful if
swallowed
R25 Toxic if
swallowed
R28 Very toxic if
swallowed
CHIP Safety Phrases
•
•
•
•
•
S1 Keep locked up
S24 Avoid contact with skin
S25 Avoid contact with eyes
S37 Wear suitable gloves
S50 Do not mix with ... (to be specified
by the manufacturer)
• S64 If swallowed, rinse mouth with
water (only if the person is conscious)
Gather information
• Recommended
operating
practices and
precautionary
measures
Gather information
• Engineering
controls
• Personal
protective
equipment.
Gather information
• Foreseeable
mishaps /
emergencies.
Who might be harmed?
• office staff
• patients
• maintenance personnel
• people sharing your workplace
• operators
• cleaners
• members of the public
Who might be harmed?
Pay particular attention to:
• staff with disabilities
• visitors
• inexperienced staff
• lone workers
as they may be more vulnerable
Assess the health risk(s)
Assess the health risk(s)
Slightly
Harmful
Harmful
Extremely
Harmful
Highly
Unlikely
TRIVIAL RISK
TOLERABLE
RISK
MODERATE
RISK
Unlikely
TOLERABLE
RISK
MODERATE
RISK
SUBSTANTIAL
RISK
Likely
MODERATE
RISK
SUBSTANTIAL
RISK
INTOLERABLE
RISK
Specify any action required
Specify any action required
• Additional control measures
Is more needed to control the risk?
For the hazards listed, do the precautions
already taken:
• meet the legal requirements?
• comply with a industry standards?
• represent good practice?
• reduce risk as far as reasonably
practicable?
Is more needed to control the risk?
Have you provided:
• adequate information, instruction or
training?
• adequate systems or procedures?
If so, then the risks are adequately
controlled, but you need to indicate the
precautions you have in place.
Is more needed to control the risk?
Where the risk is not adequately
controlled, indicate what more you
need to do (the 'action list')
Hierarchy of Control
PPE
Administer
Engineer
Substitute
Eliminate
COSHH Control
Regulation 7
Prevention or control of exposure to
substances hazardous to health
COSHH Regulation 7
Substitution shall
by preference
be undertaken
COSHH Regulation 7
the design and use of
appropriate work
processes, systems and
engineering controls
and the provision and
use of suitable work
equipment and
materials;
COSHH Regulation 7
the control of
exposure at
source, including
adequate ventilation
systems and
appropriate
organisational
measures;
COSHH Regulation 7
where adequate control
of exposure cannot be
achieved by other
means, the provision
of suitable personal
protective equipment
Record the risk assessment
Record your findings
Risk assessments must be suitable
and sufficient. You need to be able to
show:
• a proper check was made
• you asked who might be affected
Record your findings
• you dealt with all the obvious
significant hazards, taking into
account the number of people who
could be involved the precautions
are reasonable, and the remaining
risk is low.
Record your findings
Keep the written record for future
reference or use; its required if you
employ five or more people and can
help you if an inspector asks what
precautions you have taken, or if you
become involved in any action or
civil liability. It can also remind you
to keep an eye on particular hazards
and precautions.
Review the Risk Assessment
Review the Risk Assessment
plan
act
check
do
Review and revision
Set a date for review of the
assessment.
On review check that the precautions
for each hazard still adequately
control the risk. If not indicate the
action needed. Note the outcome. If
necessary complete a new page for
your risk assessment.
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases
and Dangerous Occurrences
Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR)
Persons responsible for the activities of
people at work must report:
• fatal accidents
• major injury accidents/conditions
• dangerous occurrences
• accidents causing more than three days'
incapacity for work
• certain work-related diseases
• certain matters dealing with the safe supply
of gas.
RIDDOR
Major Injury Accidents/Conditions:
• fracture other than to fingers, thumbs or toes;
• amputation;
• dislocation of the shoulder, hip, knee or spine;
• loss of sight (temporary or permanent);
• chemical or hot metal burn to the eye or any
penetrating injury to the eye;
RIDDOR
Major Injury Accidents/Conditions:
• injury resulting from an electric shock or
electrical burn leading to unconsciousness or
requiring resuscitation or admittance to
hospital for more than 24 hours;
• any other injury: leading to hypothermia,
heat-induced illness or unconsciousness; or
requiring resuscitation; or requiring
admittance to hospital for more than 24
hours;
RIDDOR
• unconsciousness caused by asphyxia or
exposure to harmful substance or biological
agent;
• acute illness requiring medical treatment, or
loss of consciousness arising from absorption
of any substance by inhalation, ingestion or
through the skin;
• acute illness requiring medical treatment
where there is reason to believe that this
resulted from exposure to a biological agent or
its toxins or infected material.
RIDDOR
Accidents which Cause more than Three
Consecutive Days' Incapacity for Work
• if there is an accident connected with work
(including an act of physical violence) and
your employee, or a self-employed person
working on your premises, suffers an overthree-day injury you must report it to the
enforcing authority within ten days.
RIDDOR
Accidents which Cause more than Three
Consecutive Days' Incapacity for Work
• An over-three-day injury is one which is not
major but results in the injured person being
away from work or unable to do their normal
work for more than three days (including any
days they would not normally be expected to
work such as weekends, rest days or
holidays) not counting the day of the injury
itself.
Health and Safety (First-Aid)
Regulations 1981
Duties specified
• employer to provide first aid
• employer to inform employees of the first
aid arrangements
• self-employed person to provide first aid
equipment.
Health and Safety (First-Aid)
Regulations 1981
Travelling First Aid Kits
• Minimum quatities:
•
general guidance leaflet on first aid
•
6 adhesive dressings
•
1 large sterile unmedicated dressing
•
2 triangular bandages
•
2 safety pins
•
individually wrapped moist cleansing wipes
•
1 pair of disposable gloves.