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Industrial Hygiene and Exposure Assessment Exploration and Production Cheryl Metzler, CIH BP America Production Co. Foundational Work Planning JSEA Exposure Assessment Procedures PPE Hazard Assessment Worker Training Exposure Assessment Strategy equally applicable to all stressors Chemical Physical Biological Thermal Motion (Lifting, Force, etc.) Pressure (Noise) Strategy Anticipate Verify presence of hazard Identify jobs/tasks with exposure potential Evaluate Exposure potential Perform monitoring Control Confirm controls Biological Radiation Chemical Exposure Assessment Electrical Pressure Motion Gravity Heat / Cold Legionella, Encephalitis,Tuberculosis, West Nile Virus, Hanta Virus, Bubonic Plague Ergonomic Equipment Layout & Design Spiders, Bees, Ticks Poison ivy / oak Drinking Water Fatigue Repetitive motion Sanitation Biological Radiation Chemical Exposure Assessment Electrical Pressure Motion Gravity Heat / Cold Acids - sulfuric, hydrochloric, citric Asbestos Silica Benzene Lead Caustic Iron sulfide Mercury Methanol H2S Welding fume (heavy metals, hexavalent chromium) Biological Radiation Chemical Exposure Assessment Electrical Pressure Motion Gravity Heat / Cold Biological Radiation Chemical Exposure Assessment Electrical Motion Gravity Cold - Frostbite, hypothermia Cold - Cryogenics Heat Stress Pressure Heat / Cold Biological Radiation Chemical Exposure Assessment Electrical Pressure Motion Gravity Manual lifting Overextension Heat / Cold Suitability – hand / power tool Slips / trips / falls Vibration Biological Radiation Chemical Exposure Assessment Electrical Pressure Motion Gravity Heat / Cold Noise Sunlight Sealed Sources (level detection) - Gamma rays, Alpha & Beta particles NORM - Gamma rays, Alpha & Beta Particles Biological Welding - UV Radiation Radiation Chemical Exposure Assessment Electrical Pressure Motion Gravity Heat / Cold Operator’s Responsibility Identify potential IH hazards Communicate potential IH hazards to Contractors Verify that contactor’s exposure assessment plan to protect workers is adequate Contractor’s Responsibility Conduct personal sampling based upon potential hazards 8-hour time weighted average Short term exposure limits Contractors must gather and retain medical exposure records for 30 years past the term of employment Compliance with 8 hour exposure limits does not equal compliance with STEL, i.e. 15 min at 5ppm for Benzene or 100 dB noise exposure for 2 hours Asbestos Example • Complete Asbestos Surveys for facilities /equipment constructed prior to 1982 • Identify employees with potential exposure for monitoring • Complete monitoring by task • Assess feasibility of engineering controls • Document respiratory protection, clothing and gloves by task / job category • Verify with Occupational Health Nurse personnel needing to complete respiratory questionnaire are identified • Document determination regarding inclusion in medical surveillance • Review training content • Affected employees complete training Ergonomics Example • Review Illness reports (backs, shoulders, elbows, hands, wrists). • Verify that corrective actions from investigations were effective. Office Ergonomics • Conduct baseline office ergonomic survey for all employees to identify high risk users. • Conduct personal survey for high risk users. • Training on ergonomic hazards and equipment adjustment for all employees Industrial Ergonomics • Identify field tasks that may require baseline industrial ergonomic survey. • Conduct personal survey for high risk tasks. • Training on ergonomic hazards and equipment adjustment for all employees, including engineers. Equipment-based Exposure Assessment What equipment is onsite? What product is in the equipment? What are the hazards of the product in the equipment? The tools? The chemicals to be used? (MSDSs) What other equipment is associated with it? Equipment Life Cycle Construct Demolish Operate Maintain Life Cycle Tasks What are the tasks done on the equipment? Construct Operate Maintain Demolish Who does these tasks? EXPOSURE LIMIT CONCEPTS ACETIC ACID CEILING Not to be exceeded ever 50 ppm 25 ppm 15 ppm STEL 15 minute task 10 ppm TWA Full Shift 0 ppm 8AM 12 Noon 4 PM Continuous sampling example ppm (as isobutylene) Taking process acetate ester samples Taking process kettle samples Painting? Laboratory work Time 20 04:29 04:03 03:37 03:11 02:45 02:19 01:53 01:27 01:01 00:35 00:09 23:43 23:17 22:51 22:25 (titration's etc.) 21:59 21:33 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Benzene Example Identify equipment with potential exposure Identify tasks performed on equipment and personnel performing tasks Monitor using personal sampling pumps and charcoal tubes Use statistical analysis tools to compare sampling results with OSHA standards Recommend controls, if required Schedule for repeated sampling to ensure nothing has changed Benzene Exposures 8-hour Time Weighted Average (OSHA PEL – 1 ppm) Tasks – Short Term Exposure (OSHA STEL – 5 ppm) OSHA Oil & Gas Exemption for Exploration – 10 ppm Sampling Results – Tank gauging Review Sampling data <0.1 ppm 0.02 ppm 0.1 ppm 0.2 ppm Decision Probability Posterior 0.865 Use statistical program 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.12 0 0.001 0.014 0 Compare to OEL 0 1 2 3 Exposure Rating 4 Process Overview – Benzene Example Equipment & Tasks - Tank Produced Water / Condensate / Rich Glycol Tank - Operation Tank gauging Sampling Truck Loading, water Truck Loading, oil Equipment & Tasks - Tank Produced Water / Condensate / Rich Glycol Tank - Maintenance Tank Cleaning/Internal inspection Piping/Flange/Gasket Replacement Meter Proving/Calibration/Replacement Changing Orifice Plate Pump - Repair Or Replacement VRU Repair/Replacement/Lube Oil Change Check thief hatch and Enardo/relief valve Transmitter repair / replacement / Level indicator Equipment & Tasks - Filter Glycol Sock Filter - Maintenance Piping/Flange/Gasket/Gauge Replacement Changing Gylcol Sock Filters Equipment & Tasks – In-line Heater Heater - Maintenance In-line Heater - Inspection - internal In-line Heater - Repair In-line Heater - Piping repair/replacement Equipment & Tasks – Separator Separator - Maintenance Separators/free water knockout – Inspection – internal Separators/free water knockout – Piping repair replacement Etc. Work Management System Integrate hazard identification and IH monitoring into maintenance work order systems, e.g. Maximo Applying to other operators? Applying to other operators? Conclusion Questions?