Transcript Approche institutionnelle de l’administration cantonale

Swiss politics and political institutions:
6. What about the citizens?
Prof. Dr. Andreas Ladner
iMPA 2012
Module 1
1. Society and History
2. Federalism and Municipalities
3. Government and Parliament
4. Direct Democracy
5. Party system and Parties
6. What about the citizens?
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
What makes people vote what makes them decide for a
specific party?
 Sociological approaches (class, occupation, ethnicity,
sex, age)
 Approaches of political scientists (issues, political
programs, electoral campaigns, and the popularity of
party leaders )
 Social psychological approaches (relate voting decisions
to the voter's psychological predispositions or attitudes,
for example party identification)
 Rational Choice (cost-benefit calculations)
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Spatial theories of voting
 Proximity Voting (Downs 1957)
 Directional Voting (Rabinowitz und Macdonald 1989)
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Rouiller
2009:2
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
References

Budge, I. and D. Farlie (1983). Explaining and Predicting Elections: Issue Effects and Party
Strategies in Twenty-Three Democracies. London: George Allen & Unwin.

Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.

Grofman, Bernard (1985): The Neglected Role of the Status Quo in Models of Issue Voting.
In: The Journal of Politics, 47, 230-237.

Iversen, Torben (1994): Political Leadership and Representation in West European
Democracies: A Test of Three Models of Voting. In: American Journal of Political Science,
45-74.

Kedar, Orit (2005): When Moderate Voter prefer Extreme Parties: Policy Balancing in
Parliamentary Elections. In: American Political Science Review 99: 185-199.

Rabinowitz, G. and S. E. Macdonald (1989). 'A Directional Theory of Issue Voting', The
American Political Science Review, 83(1): 93-121.

Stokes, D. E. (1963). 'Spatial Models of Party Competition', The American Political Science
Review, 57(2): 368-77.
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Who takes part in elections?
Hommes = men; Femmes = women
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Age?
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Participation in popular votes according to age
blue = over 30 years old; red = under 30 years old
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Participation according to age and gender
Hommes = men; Femmes = women
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
What leads to higher participation: education,
income and marriage
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Non-participation
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
The voting decision according to age
Swiss People’s Party
Liberal Party
Christian Democrats
Social Democrats
Green Party
Life cycle or generation effects?
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Catholics and Voting Decision 1995 to 2007
Christian Democrats
Swiss People’s Party
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Dealignment and Realignment

Dealignment: The Catholics no longer vote for the Christian
Democrats only; and the workers no longer vote for the
Social Democrats.

Realignment: The Swiss People‘s Party found a new group of
followers with its program based on traditional, conservative
Swiss values and a strong stance against immigration and
international integration.
The Social Democrats also found a new group of followers
among better educated professionals working for the state
sector or in creative professions.
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
The voters on a left-right scale
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Who would the non voters vote for?
Swiss People’s Party
Liberal Party
Christian Democrats
Social Democrats
Green Party
Preferences non voters
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
Preferences voters
| 16/07/2015 |
Who would the non voters vote for?
Swiss People’s Party
Liberal Party
Christian Democrats
Social Democrats
Green Party
Preferences non voters
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
Preferences voters
| 16/07/2015 |
How will we vote in future? From a show of
hands and ballot boxes ...
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
... to postal voting, and then?
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
E-voting
Pre-Voting
Sphere
 Campaign and
decision making
Voting
Sphere
 The act of voting
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
Post-Voting
Sphere
 Analysis, control
| 16/07/2015 |
Elections for the National Council 2007
 3089 candidates
 311 lists
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
How to find the right party or the right candidate?
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
The Swiss voting system: (party) lists with “Kumulieren”
and “Panaschieren”
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
VAAs (Voting Advice Applications)
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Election – Democracy UK – 280k
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
CH: www.smartvote.ch
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Policy domains
smartvote Profil | Wahlempfehlung
Kategorien
Aussen- & Sicherheitspolitik
Bildung & Forschung
Finanz- & Steuerpolitik
Gesellschaft, Kultur & Ethik
Innere Sicherheit
Migrations- & Ausländerpolitik
Sozial- & Familienpolitik
Staatliche Institutionen &
Volksrechte
Umwelt-, Verkehrs- &
Energiepolitik
Wirtschaftspolitik
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
3
2
1
4
2
2
4
davon
beantwortet
3
2
1
4
2
2
4
2
2
4
4
3
3
Anzahl Fragen
| 16/07/2015 |
Questionnaire
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
“Advice or recommendation”
Genug Fragen beantwortet?
Zur Wahlempfehlung
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Matching list (Candidates or parties)
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Additional information
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
You compared to the candidate/party (smartspider)
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Some results from our studies
 Increasing and high participation of candidates
(from 50 % in 2003 up to more than 80 % of about
3000 candidates in 2007)
 The candidates seem to like the tool!
 Increasing use of the tool (900’000
recommendations, about 300’000 users in 2007, 8
% of the voters)
 Highly satisfied users (over 90 %)
 The tool addresses specific parts of the population
 Smartvote matters in terms of turnout and in
terms of the outcome of elections
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
And what’s next?
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
The tunnel!
Le vote
électronique
Smartvote
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Smartvote 200+: From the matching list to the
ballot list
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Let’s open the tunnel?
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
The last meter
 Smartvote gives us the possibility to select
electronically
 E-Voting gives us the possibility to vote
electronically
=> There is (are) only one (a few) click(s) from
the selection to the vote!
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Additional tools:
 Smartmonitor (roll call votes)
 Smartinfo (for initiatives and referendums)
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Conclusions
The more demanding an electoral (political)
system is, the more helpful are such e-tools.
If e-tools matter, they are also used.
E-tools have to be simple and user-friendly.
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
www.mypolitics.ch
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |
Thank you for your attention!
| ©IDHEAP – [email protected] |
| 16/07/2015 |