Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Slide 1

Sustainable Timber Action in Europe
Training for Public Authorities
Module 2 : Sustainable timber
STA – EU Trainings: Raising awareness for Public Authorities
(Place & Date)
Overview
1. Ecological, social and economic impacts from illegal logging
and non-sustainable forest management
2. Legal timber products
3. Sustainable timber products and chain of costudy
certification
4. Fair trade in the timber sector
Introduction:
Group exercise
• Do you know the origin of your timber products?
• Do you think that nationally sold timber products
could from tropical countries?
-1Ecological, social and economic
impacts from illegal logging and
non-sustainable forest management
The value of forests
2/3 of living species
Important CO2 sinks
60 M of indigenous people
Wood removals valued
over US$100 billion/year
® FSC, A.C. All rights reserved FSC-SECR-0051
Presentation July 16, 2015 · 6
Environmental impacts
Deforestation
Environmental impacts
Land use conversion
Environmental impacts
Forest degradation
Deseases, tree fall, fires…
Economic impacts
• Numerous and complex, and often interrelated with social impacts.
• Lost revenues for producer countries' governments (Tanzania*)
 market distortions + erosion of funds for poverty alleviation.
• Non-sustainable forest management can decrease forest productivity harming
informal and subsistence economies.
Economic impacts
• The present situation is
better then 10 years ago,
but losses are partly
compensated by
plantations.
• Degradation (and loss of
forest value) processes
are not considered.
Source: 2011, FAO – FRA 2010
Social issues
• Forests are home to an estimated 60 M indigenous people
• Important cultural and social role of forests in many countries
• Commercial logging competes for access to the land
• Low concern for labour rights, health and safety along the
supply chain
-2Legal timber products
The illegal timber
A general definition:
‘Illegal logging takes place when timber is
harvested, transported, bought or sold in
violation of national laws’
Examples of illegality in the forest sector:
• Logging without license (wood theft)
• Violation of forest regulations (species, quota)
• Corruption in obtaining licenses
Impact of illegality in the forest sector
• Revenues from illegal logging have fuelled armed
conflicts (Liberia, RD Congo).
• Illegality in the forest sector is often linked to
criminal activities involving corruption, violence and
money laundering
• Low concern for labor rights, health and safety
along the supply chain
• The diffusion of illegal timber at low cost hinders
improvement of forest management practices.
• Illegality in the forest sector creates unfair conditions
of competition in the market.
Legal = sustainable?
Concepts not always connected
Logging without
compliance with laws
Forest management in contrast
with equity and justice criteria
?
Non-sustainable management
of forests
Illegalität in der Holzbranche
BAD NEWS:
• Every 2 seconds, across the world, an area of forest the size of a football field is
clear-cut by illegal loggers -> degradation and destruction o 5 Mio ha forests/y
• The illegal logs still being cut each year, laid end to end, would stretch ten times
around the Earth .
GOOD NEWS:
• While illegal logging remains a major problem, the impact of the response has been
considerable. Illegal logging is estimated to have fallen during the last decade by:
•
•
•
•
50 % in Cameroon
by between 50 and 75 % in the Brazilian Amazon
by 75 % in Indonesia,
Imports to major consumer and processing countries dropped by 30 % from their peak
(Source: Chatham House 2010)
EU responsibilities in illegality
2003, EU15:
import 82,24 Mmc of illegal
timber (~ 20%)
(EC and WWF UK, 2004)
(country data can be provided):
How the EU deals with illegality:
•
EU Timber Regulation (EUTR) (from March 2013) prohibits the first placing of
illegally harvested timber and timber products on the EU market. The legislation
will require that due diligence is applied by companies that first place timber
products on the EU market.
-3Sustainable timber products and
their certification
What is sustainable timber?
“Sustainable forest management, as a dynamic and
evolving concept, aims to maintain and enhance the
economic, social and environmental value of all types of
forests, for the benefit of present and future
generations” (UN, 2007)
Sustainable management of forest implies three main
issues:
• Legality – that the forest owner/manager holds the legal right to harvest, and
timber is harvested, processed and traded in compliance with relevant
international, national and regional laws.
• Environmental sustainability – that the forest is managed in a way which
preserves the health of the forest for future generations.
• Social sustainability – that timber is harvested, processed and traded with
respect to the rights and working conditions of those directly affected.
Ensuring sustainability
The Forest Europe criteria for sustainable forest management (MCPFE)
ASPECTS
CRITERIA
Ecological aspects 1. Maintenance and appropriate enhancement of forest resources
and their contribution to global carbon cycles;
2. Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality;
3. Maintenance, conservation and appropriate enhancement of
biological diversity in forest ecosystems;
4. Maintenance and appropriate enhancement of protective
functions in forest management (notably soil and water);
Economic aspects 5. Maintenance and encouragement of productive functions of
forests (wood and non wood);
6. Maintenance of other socio-economic functions and condition.
Social aspects
SFM certification
How is sustainability ensured “from tree to product”?
A sustainable forest management certification scheme:
•
requires compliance with the principles of legality, environmental and
social sustainability.
•
is able to provide independent, third party verification that timber is
sourced from sustainably managed forests.
•
includes mechanisms for tracing products from the forest of origin
through the supply chain, to the end consumers called Chain of
Custody (CoC).
SFM certification
Internationally, 2 main forest certification schemes exist:
• The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) – www.fsc.org
• The Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) –
www.pefc.org
Most sustainable timber procurement policies accept either label as one way of
demonstrating compliance with the sustainability requirements
What is CoC certification?
• Chain of Custody (CoC) Systems monitor sources,
quantity balances and material flows for a given chain of
costudy
• CoC requires a chain of information as well as a
process of material separation from a clearly identified
source up to a defined point in the value added chain
• It establishes a connection between the origin forest
and the statement of sustainability for the final
product
CoC – main aspects
CoC Managementsystems must:
• Identify and document origin, quantity and material
•
flow
Separate certified and non-certified products, in
certain case these may be mixed according to
specifications
Avoid controversial
•
This requires:
1. Formal communication interface for CoC certified
companies
standardised information in invoices and delivery slips
2. Procedure for material separation and quantity
balancing within a company
Documented, implemented and monitored routines
and responsabilities
SFM certification
The verification system:
At international
level by ASI
At national
level
SFM certification
Chain of Custody rational:
• All COC “rings” shall be covered by a valid
FSC COC certificate
• The principle works for FSC as well as for
PEFC
• It is mainly a market driven process
Labels’ significance (FSC)
Virgin FSC
FSC 100%: 100% FSC certified inputs.
FSC Controlled
FSC Mix: FSC certified inputs + Controlled Wood
inputs + recycled inputs (labelling with min
content of 70% certif. input, exception to 50% for
some registered products).
Reclaimed
FSC Recycled: reclaimed post-consumer (at
least 85%) and pre-consumer inputs.
For more information refers to FSC-STD-40-004 V2-1 and FSC-STD-50-001 V2-0
Labels significance (PEFC)
Virgin PEFC
PEFC Certified: virgin, recycled
and “non controversial” material
(min 70% certified inputs).
Non controversial
source
Reclaimed
PEFC Certified & Recycled:
reclaimed post-consumer or
pre-consumer inputs and
certified material
(min 70% of certified and
recycled inputs).
For more information go to www.pefc.org/standards/logo-use
Sustainable forest management
• In May 2012 Global area of
certified forest = 394 million
Ha
• + 4% (14.8 million hectares)
since May 2011
• The world’s certified forest
area is approaching 10%
Source: UNECE FAO 2012
CoC certification– for whom?
CoC certification is required for every company which may
compromise the integrity of the product-related FSC label, e.g.:
 Manufacture and processing of the certified material; or
 Repackaging and re-labelling of products; or
 (Re-)issueing of sales documents
Companies don‘t need a CoC certification if they :
 do not have ownership of certified products but instead are:
(i) Broker between seller and buyer without physically owning
the products (e.g. agents)
(ii) Conducting certain activities on behalf of a certified
company which are covered by procedures and appropriate
arrangements (e.g. subcontractor, transport logistics)
 Advertising FSC-labelled final products for the final user
-4Fair trade with sustainable
timber
Fair Trade
Fair trade in the timber sector
Question to all: FLO logo, what is this?
1
2
Fair Trade
"Fair Trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that
seeks greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development
by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the right of, marginalized
producers and workers - especially in the South“ [accepted definition of Fair Trade, as agreed by
Fairtrade Labelling International (FLO) and the World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO)]
Fair Trade
Core Fair Trade Principles
1
Creating Opportunities for Economically Disadvantaged Producers (poverty reduction)
2
Transparency and Accountability (participation of producers in decision making)
3
Fair Trading Practices (pre payment, long term contract and relationships)
4
Payment of a Fair Price
5
Ensuring no Child Labour and Forced Labour (UN Convention on the Rights of the
Child)
6
Commitment to Non-Discrimination, Gender Equity and Freedom of Association
7
Ensuring Good Working Conditions (ILO conventions)
8
Providing Capacity Building to workers and producers organisations
9
Promoting Fair Trade (raise awareness)
10 Respect for the Environment
Fair Trade
Fair Trade and the timber sector:
• Around 10 million people are employed in forest management (FAO, 2010).
• Many more are directly dependent on forests for their livelihoods.
• Forestry employment is outside the formal sector  forest work is very important for
rural livelihoods (FAO, 2010).
• In some regions (Latin America, Africa) forest related employment increased
somewhat probably because roundwood production has increased faster than gains
in labour productivity.
• But working and social conditions did not improve in this time, with direct implications
for community livelihood.
Combining SFM and fair trade
Dual certification case studies, actions and projects
Rubber
sports balls
Furniture
Wood
flooring
Other initiatives with
dual certification
Chile – SSC
Wood
Technologies
Honduras COATLHAL
Bolivien –
Multiagro,
Santa Fe