Transcript Class 3: Sacraments of Initiation

Class 3: Sacraments of
Initiation
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THE SACRAMENT OF THE HOLY
EUCHARIST
From the Prayer Before Study
by Thomas Aquinas
Ineffable Creator...
You are proclaimed
the true font of light and wisdom,
and the primal origin
raised high beyond all things.
Pour forth a ray of Your brightness
into the darkened places of my mind;
disperse from my soul the twofold darkness
into which I was born:
sin and ignorance.
You make eloquent the tongues of infants.
Refine my speech
and pour forth upon my lips
the goodness of Your blessing.
Grant to me keenness of mind,
capacity to remember,
skill in learning,
subtlety to interpret,
and eloquence in speech.
May You guide the beginning of my work,
direct its progress,
and bring it to completion.
You Who are true God and true Man,
Who live and reign,
world without end.
Amen
Introduction
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1. Completion of Christian Initiation (CCC
1322)
2. Perpetuation of the Sacrifice of the
Cross (CCC 1323)
3. “Source and Summit” of Christian life
4. Communion in the Divine Life: Sign and
Cause (CCC 1325; cf. 260)
The Holy Eucharist:
consider….
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Why did Jesus give us the Holy Eucharist?
How is the Eucharist important for
Evangelization?
What is transubstantiation? Is it biblical?
What does the Eucharist do to people?
What is the relationship the Eucharist and
joy?
Introduction
5. Two-fold participation (CCC 1326)
A. In the heavenly liturgy
B. In Eternal Life/ Resurrection
Names of the Eucharist
CCC 1328
Eucharist -- to give thanks
1. Creation
2. Redemption
3. Sanctification
Names of the Eucharist
Memorial of the Lord’s Passion and Death
Names of the Eucharist
Holy Sacrifice
Holy and Divine Liturgy
Most Blessed Sacrament
Holy Communion
The Holy Things
“Communion of Saints” (1331)
Names of the Eucharist
Holy Mass
1. Concludes with Ite Missa Est
2. The sending of the prayers to God
with Christ
3. The sending of the Sacrifice itself to
God
Names of the Eucharist
Holy Mass
And from this the mass derives its name missa; because the
priest sends [mittit] his prayers up to God through the
angel, as the people do through the priest. or else
because Christ is the victim sent [missa] to us:
accordingly the deacon on festival days "dismisses" the
people at the end of the mass, by saying: "Ite, missa
est," that is, the victim has been sent [missa est] to God
through the angel, so that it may be accepted by God.
(St Thomas Aquinas)
The Eucharist in the Old Testament
The Fruit of the Tree of Life (Gen 2-3)
The Bread and Wine of Melchizedek (Gen 14:18)
The Sacrifice of Isaac and “the lamb of God” (Gen 22:18)
4. The Passover Sacrifice (Ex 12)
5. The Bread from Heaven (Ex 16)
1. The Manna
2. The Quail
6. The Tabernacle of Moses (Ex 25)
1. The Bread of the Presence
1.
2.
3.
The Bread of Life Sermon (Jn
6)
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The context: Passover (Jn 6:4); cf. Ex 12
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Feeding the five thousand
• Prefigures “superabundance” of the Eucharist (CCC 1335)
• He blessed, he broke, he gave (Matt 14:19; Luke 22:19)
• “When he had given thanks” (eucharistesas) Jn 6:11
• Response of crowd: the New Moses (cf. Deut 18:15-19)
The Bread of Life Sermon (Jn
6)
The demand for a sign: Moses and Manna (John 6:30;
Exodus 16)
The Bread of Life Sermon (Jn
6)
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The Bread of life discourse: Two interpretations
• Metaphorical (eating = believing)
• Sacramental (refers to the Eucharist)
• “Caphernetic” (cannibalism)
The Bread of Life Sermon
(Jn 6)
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Part One: The Necessity of Faith (
John 6:35-47)
• Importance of belief in the Son
• Faith as a gift from the Father
The Bread of Life Sermon
(Jn 6)
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Part two: The necessity of the
Eucharist (John 6:48-58)
• The New Manna “comes down from
heaven” and “gives eternal life”
• “is my flesh”
• Jews understand him literally, and
he does not correct them
The Bread of Life Sermon
(Jn 6)
The Necessity of eating his flesh
and drinking his blood (John 6:55)
• The disciples’ response: “a hard
saying” and they depart
• Key: resurrection and ascension:
Jesus risen flesh (CCC 1392)
• The “flesh is useless”
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John 6
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Jesus use of the words “phagein” and “trogein”
The Last Supper: The Institution of
the Eucharist (Lk 22)
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The context of the Last Supper: The Jewish Passover (GK
Pascha) (Ex 12)
• Kill the lamb (Ex 12:6, 46)
• Dip a hyssop branch in the blood of the lamb
• Sprinkle the blood on the doorposts and lintel
• Eat the flesh of the lamb
• Sign of the covenant is the blood of the lamb (Ex 21:13; cf.
Ezek 9, Rev 7)
• Passover: a “day of remembering” to be observed forever
(Ex 12:14, 24)
• A night of watching (Ex 12:40-42)
The Last Supper: The Institution of
the Eucharist (Lk 22)
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The New Passover: transfiguration topic; “Behold I make all
things new” (Rev 21:5)
• The New Lamb: Jesus himself
• The New Sacrifice: Bread and wine
• The New temple: Jesus’ body (cf. John 2)
• The New priesthood: Jesus and the twelve
• The New Covenant: the family of God restored (Jer 31:3133)
• The New Israel: the 12 tribes restored (Luke 22:28-30)
• The New Creation: bread and wine transformed into Jesus’
Body and Blood
The Last Supper: The Institution of
the Eucharist (Lk 22)
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What is the link between this “new” Passover and the
crucifixion?
One explanation: the fourth cup in the Passover meal
The Last Supper: The Institution of
the Eucharist (Lk 22)
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THE FOURTH CUP:
• Jewish passover liturgy had multiple cups
• 3rd cup: The “cup of blessing” (cf. 1 Cor 10:16-17)
• Singing of the final Hallel (Psalm 116)
• 4th cup: The “Cup of Consummation”
The Last Supper: The Institution of
the Eucharist (Lk 22)
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THE FOURTH CUP:
• Jesus does not complete the Passover!
• He vows not to drink of the fruit of the vine again (Mt
26:29)
• They sing the hymn then leave! (Mt 26:30)
• Jesus in the garden: “Take this cup from me) Mt 26
• Jesus does not drink on the way to the cross (Mt 27:34)
• The Crucifixion (John 19:25-30)
• I thirst
• He drinks: “It is finished..”
Three-fold dimension of the Eucharist
1.
Thanksgiving and Praise to the Father
2.
Sacrificial memorial
3.
The Presence of Christ
Thanksgiving and Praise to the
Father
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CCC 1359
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Most basic motif: act of thanksgiving for ALL: creation,
redemption, sanctification
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Offered on behalf of all creation: to the Father, through and
with Christ.
Sacrificial Memorial
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CCC 1362
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Memorial of Christ’s passover
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Anamnesis: recalling and making present (“in memory of his
death and resurrection, we offer you Father….”
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This mighty deeds become present and real (CCC 1363)
Sacrificial Memorial
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Sacrificial character in Christ’s own words:
• This is my body which is given for you
• This cup which is poured out for you is the New Covenant
in my blood
Sacrificial Memorial
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The Eucharist “re-presents” the Sacrifice of the cross (makes
present) (CCC 1366)
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This is ONE SINGLE SACRIFICE (CCC 1367)
The Presence of Christ in the
Eucharist
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CCC 1373
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“by the power of his word and the Holy Spirit”
The Presence of Christ in the
Eucharist
CCC 1373
“by the power of his word and the Holy Spirit”
Various “modes” of Christ’s presence at Mass
Most especially in the Eucharistic Species
Unique: the end toward of all the other sacraments
Ipse Christus
The Presence of Christ in the
Eucharist
CCC 1374
The Eucharist is Jesus Christ:
Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity
Humanity and Divinity
The Whole Christ is truly, really, substantially contained.
“real” in the fullest sense
Substantial: whole and entire
Transubstantiation
CCC 1376
Whole substance of bread and wine into whole
substance of Christ
CCC 1377
Doctrine of Concomitance: whole Christ present in the
species and in each of their parts (He is not divided
though the species are)
“Substance”: an appropriate word?
Used officially at Fourth Lateran Council in 1215
Biblical usage: Our Father—epi-ousios
St. Ambrose’s De Sacramentis (AD 380):
We receive the “figura” of the body and blood of Our
Lord” Figura= substantia
Council of Trent
Formulated our doctrinal language for the Eucharist with
precision
CCC 1376
cf. 13th session of Trent
Heretical theories of Eucharistic
Presence
Symbolic Presence
Eucharist is purely symbolic
Ulrich Zwingli (a father of the reformation)
Baptists, many non-denominational protestants
Heretical theories of Eucharistic
Presence
Spiritual Presence
Christ’s SPIRIT is present, not his body
John Calvin
Anglican Church
Many non-denominational Protestants
Modernist Catholics
Heretical theories of Eucharistic
Presence
Consubstantiation
Christ’s body and blood exist alongside the bread and
wine
Incarnational analogy makes it believable
Competitive nature of human nature is the problem
Martin Luther (impanation)
Some Anglicans
Worship of the Eucharist
Paul VI: The Church has always offered and continued
to offer the “cult of adoration” not only during Mass but
outside of it. (CCC 1378)
Importance of Eucharistic adoration (CCC 1380-1381)
Holy Communion
Requirements for reception (CCC 1385)
Preparation (CCC 1386-88)
Minimal requirements (1389)
Fruits of Holy Communion
CCC 1391
Augments of Union with Christ
Nourishes spiritual life
Separates us from sin
Wipes away venial sins
Preserves from future mortal sins
“makes” the Church (CCC 1396)
Commits us to the poor (e.g., Mother Theresa)
For next time....
Read introduction (p. 1-15), Ch 1 (p. 1-23) of the GIRM
and familiarize yourself with the layout
Read Catechism section on Sacraments of Healing
Be ready for quiz on the Holy Eucharist
General Instruction of the Roman
Missal
Third edition of the Roman Missal
promulgated in 2001 (in Latin)
 November 12, 2002, Bishops in USCCB
approved Institutio Generalis Missalis
Romani, confirmed by Holy See in 2003
 It is the authoritative norm of interpreting
and celebrating the 2002 Missal
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Layout of GIRM
Preamble
 Importance/Dignity of the Mass
 Structure of the Mass
 Duties and Ministries of the Mass
 Different forms of the Mass
 Arrangement, Furnishings
 Requisites of the Mass
Also….
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Layout of GIRM
The choice of the Mass and parts
 Various circumstances, Masses for dead
 Adaptations for Bishops, conferences
 Index
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Highlights of the GIRM
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Common issues....
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