Transcript Slide 1
Transportation Sector Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Background & Strategies
Local Government Climate Change Summit Washington, DC April 10, 2008 Paul Bubbosh, U.S. EPA
Overview
Transportation GHG emissions
Current situation
Trends for the future
Local government strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector
U.S. GHG Emissions Inventory (2005)
Electric Power Industry 33%
Transportation 28%
Agriculture 8% Industry 19% Commercial 6% U.S. Territories Residential 5% 1%
Growth in U.S. GHG Emissions by Economic Sector
1990-2005
Total U.S. GHG Emissions up 16 percent (annualized rate of just over 1 percent) Transportation GHG emissions up 32 percent (annualized rate of 1.87 percent) Transportation accounted for 49 percent of the growth in total U.S. GHG emissions since 1990 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by End Use Economic Sector Industry Transportation Residential Commercial Agricultural U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector Electricity Transportation Industry Agricultural Commercial Residential
U.S. Transportation Sector GHG Emissions, 2005 Boats and Ships 3.2% Pipelines Rail 2.5% 1.5% Refrigerants and Lubricants 3.8% Aircraft 9.4% Buses and Motorcycles 0.8% Passenger Cars 31.4% Freight Trucks 19.1% Light-Duty Trucks 28.1% Light-Duty Vehicles 59.5%
Change in GHGs from Major Transportation Sources, 1990-2005 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% 1990 1995 2000 2005 Freight Trucks Light-Duty Vehicles Commercial Aircraft
1990-2005
Passenger Car GHGs decreased by just under two percent LD Truck GHGs increased by 72 percent Total VMT up 38 percent (mainly light-duty truck) Light-Duty Vehicles 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
GHGs from Light-Duty Vehicles, 1990-2005
Passenger Cars Light-Duty Trucks 1990 1995 2000 2005 3,000,000
Light-Duty Vehicle VMT, 1990 and 2005
2,500,000 2,000,000 1,059,590 Light-Duty Truck VMT Up 84.4% 574,571 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 1,417,823 1,689,965 Passenger Car VMT Up 19.2% 1990 2005
Freight Sources GHG Emissions, 1990-2005
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 Trucking Water Rail Pipeline Air 1995 2000
Ton-Miles, 1990-2004
2005 1,800,000 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Sources: Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2005; National Transportation Statistics 2005
Freight Trucks
GHGs increased 69.4 percent (3.6 percent annualized) Medium- and heavy-duty trucks have become less energy efficient since the mid-1990s (VIUS data) Fuel economy of medium trucks (10,000 to 26,000 lbs) decreased from 8.6 MPG in 1997 to 8.0 mpg in 2002 FE of heavy trucks (over 26,000 lbs) decreased from 6.1 MPG in 1997 to 5.8 MPG in 2002 Possible explanations for decreased fuel economy Demand for more powerful engines Impact of congestion Elimination of mandatory speed limits
Transportation Sector Continues to Grow
Growth in GHG emissions from the U.S. transportation sector increased 32% from 1990 to 2005 — faster than any other U.S. sector.
Global growth in transportation is forecast to increase fuel use, and thus carbon emissions, by about 80% over 2002 levels by 2030.
Strategies
Reduce Idling (car, truck, delivery vans) – 3 Steps (1) Implement state or local anti-idling law See EPA’s Model for State or Local Idling Law at www.epa.gov/smartway/idle-state.htm
(2) Educate drivers about the law (via signs) See NJ DEP’s “Stop the Soot” campaign at www.nj.gov/dep/stopthesoot/ (3) Enforce idling laws Selective enforcement (1-2x/month at high priority areas sends a message) Enter law in Federal SIP gets you (1) emission reduction credits, and (2) Federal enforcement
Strategies
Reduce Idling (rail yards) - 3 Steps (1) Work with railroad company to implement no-idle policy for switchers and line haul engines (2) Request that engine auto-start-stop and auxiliary power units are installed on all switch yard locomotives (3) Retire older, pre-1972, unregulated locomotive engines
Strategies
Encourage Inter-Modal Yards at Major Distribution Centers Transport from rail to truck instead of truck only will dramatically reduce emissions.
Energy Intensity of Freight Modes in 2004 (BTU / ton-mile) Pipeline 2,388 Waterborne Air 511 Rail 325 Truck 0 3,163 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000
Strategies
Green Procurements State & local fleets – buy the most fuel efficient vehicles Consult EPA’s Green Vehicle guide for best in class: http://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/ State & local permits, procurement – require clean and fuel efficient technologies Consult EPA’s list of verified emission control technologies: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/verif-list.htm
Strategies
Offer Financial Incentives EPA National Clean Diesel Campaign Grants and Loans – see http://www.epa.gov/diesel/ Local tax incentives for inter-modal yards State/Local bond (tax-exempt or taxable)
Issues to Consider Regulation of transportation emissions is Federally preemptive The increase in remote-start technology on cars may significantly increase car idling emissions.
Anti-idling laws for locomotives may violate ICC law.
Additional Information
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transportation and other Mobile Sources http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html
Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ emissions/usinventoryreport.html
For More Information
www.epa.gov/smartway
SmartWay Hotline: 734-214-4767 [email protected]