Transcript What is a star & how many different kinds are there?

WHAT IS A STAR & HOW
MANY DIFFERENT KINDS
ARE THERE?
By: ADRIAN SEAN D. APARILLA
Aaron Kyle R. Daug
Environmental science
Grade 6 - Neil Armstrong
Outline
Sean :
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All About stars
Classifications
History
Descriptions
Life Cycle
Aaron :
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Types of Stars
Definitions for every Star
ALL ABOUT STARS
CLASSIFICATIONS
Star
Type
Color
Approximate
Surface
Temperature
Average
Average
Average
Mass (The Radius (The Luminosity
Sun = 1)
Sun = 1)
(The Sun = 1)
Main Characteristics
Examples
10 Lacertra
O
Blue
over 25,000 K
60
15
1,400,000
Singly ionized helium lines
(H I) either in emission or
absorption. Strong UV
continuum.
B
Blue
11,000 - 25,000 K
18
7
20,000
Neutral helium lines (H II) in
absorption.
Rigel
Spica
A
Blue
7,500 - 11,000 K
3.2
2.5
80
Hydrogen (H) lines strongest
for A0 stars, decreasing for
other A's.
Sirius, Vega
F
Blue to
White
6,000 - 7,500 K
1.7
1.3
6
Ca II absorption. Metallic
lines become noticeable.
Canopus, Procyon
G
White to
Yellow
5,000 - 6,000 K
1.1
1.1
1.2
Absorption lines of neutral
metallic atoms and ions (e.g.
once-ionized calcium).
Sun, Capella
K
Orange
to Red
3,500 - 5,000 K
0.8
0.9
0.4
Metallic lines, some blue
continuum.
Arcturus,
Aldebaran
M
Red
under 3,500 K
0.3
0.4
0.04
(very faint)
Some molecular bands of
titanium oxide.
Betelgeuse,Antares
An easy mnemonic for remembering these is:
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O - oh
B - be
A-a
F - fine
G - girl
K - kiss
M - me
HISTORY
 Ancient people: quadrant
 1584 : Giordana Bruno
Greek astronomers: Ptolemy and
Hipparchus
20th century
DESCRIPTIONS OF STARS
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a luminous globe of gas
nebulae & consist of hydrogen and helium gas
2000°C to above 30,000°C
brightest stars - 100 times that of the Sun
smallest mass for a star is about 8% that of the Sun
DIFFERENT KINDS OF STAR
The different kinds of stars are:
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Yellow dwarf stars
Orange dwarf stars
Red dwarf stars
Brown dwarfs
Blue giant stars
Red giant stars
Red super giant stars
White dwarfs
Black dwarfs
Neutron stars
Yellow Dwarf Stars (the sun, Alpha Centauri A, Kepler-22)
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Lifetime: 4 - 17 billion years
Evolution: early, middle
Temperature: 5,000 - 7,300 °C
Spectral Types: G, F
Luminosity: 0.6 - 5.0
Radius: 0.96 - 1.4
Mass: 0.8 - 1.4
Prevalence: 10%
Brown Dwarfs
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Lifetime: unknown (long)
Evolution: not evolving
Temperature: 0 - 1,800 °C
Spectral Types: L, T, Y (after M)
Luminosity: ~0.00001
Radius: 0.06 - 0.12
Mass: 0.01 - 0.08
Prevalence: unknown (many)
Orange Dwarf Stars(Alpha Centauri B and Epsilon Eridani)
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Lifetime: 17 - 73 billion years
Evolution: early, middle
Temperature: 3,500 - 5,000 °C
Spectral Types: K
Luminosity: 0.08 - 0.6
Radius: 0.7 - 0.96
Mass: 0.45 - 0.8
Prevalence: 11%
Red Dwarf Stars(Proxima Centauri, Barnard's Star and
Gliese 581)
• Lifetime: 73 - 5500 billion years
• Evolution: early, middle
• Temperature: 1,800 - 3,500 °C
• Spectral Types: M
• Luminosity: 0.0001 - 0.08
• Radius: 0.12 - 0.7
• Mass: 0.08 - 0.45
• Prevalence: 73%
Red Supergiant Stars (Betelgeuse and Antares)
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Lifetime: 3 - 100 million years
Evolution: late
Temperature: 3,000 - 5,000 ºC
Spectral Types: K, M
Luminosity: 1,000 - 800,000
Radius: 100 - 1650
Mass: 10 - 40
Prevalence: 0.0001%
Blue Giant Stars(Rigel)
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Lifetime: 3 - 4,000 million years
Evolution: early, middle
Temperature: 7,300 - 200,000 °C
Spectral Types: O, B, A
Luminosity: 5.0 - 9,000,000
Radius: 1.4 - 250
Mass: 1.4 - 265
Prevalence: 0.7%
hubpages.com
Red Giant Stars(Aldebaran and Arcturus)
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Lifetime: 0.1 - 2 billion years
Evolution: late
Temperature: 3,000 - 5,000 °C
Spectral Types: M, K
Luminosity: 100 - 1000
Radius: 20 - 100
Mass: 0.3 - 10
Prevalence: 0.4%
White Dwarfs(Sirius B and Van Maanen's star)
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Lifetime: 1015- 1025 years
Evolution: dead, cooling
Temperature: 4,000 - 150,000 ºC
Spectral Types: D (degenerate)
Luminosity: 0.0001 - 100
Radius: 0.008 - 0.2
Mass: 0.1 - 1.4
Prevalence: 4%
hubpages.com
Black Dwarfs
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Lifetime: unknown (long)
Evolution: dead
Temperature: < -270 °C
Spectral Types: none
Luminosity: infinitesimal
Radius: 0.008 - 0.2
Mass: 0.1 - 1.4
Prevalence: ~0%
Neutron Stars
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Lifetime: unknown (long)
Evolution: dead, cooling
Temperature: < 2,000,000 ºC
Spectral Types: D (degenerate)
Luminosity: ~0.000001
Radius: 5 - 15 km
Mass: 1.4 - 3.2
Prevalence: 0.7%
References & Sources:
> kidsastronomy.com
> Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
> en.wikipedia.org
> www.space.com
> www.universetoday.com
> hubpages.com
> http://www.universetoday.com/25156/history-of-stars/#ixzz38l9lLV4U
> http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/science_index.cfm
> http://cosmology.carnegiescience.edu/timeline/1838
>www.google.com.ph/search?q=LIFE+CYCLES+of+stars+ASTRONOMY&tbm=isch&ei=tTL
WU8fhKIL48QWapIFA#facrc=_&imgdii=Uqcwn9o5Dk63TM%3A%3B5i7DEMwbIdTJ8M%3
>www.google.com.ph/search?q=description+of+stars+ASTRONOMY&source=lnms&sa=
X&ei=icbWU9LqI4yl8AWcgoHQCA&ved=0CAUQ_AUoAA&biw=1280&bih=699&dpr=1
THANK YOU