Transcript Potable Water Quality and Supply

RBC staging arrangements
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
Biological tower/Activated sludge processes
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
LINDOX® -Process
The LINDOX® -process is an activated sludge process with oxygen aeration in
covered, staged bioreactors. It is used for the biological purification of industrial
and municipal waste water and is characterized by high space-time yields, low
space requirements, low energy consumption, minimum off-gas rates and a
sludge that can be well thickened and dewatered. It can easily cope with high and
varying waste water quantities and pollutant loads and can be used with good
results at restricted and sensitive locations and under extreme climatic
conditions.
http://www.linde-process-engineering.com/en/p0001/p0052/p0053/p0053.jsp#1
The Captor® Cold-Temperature Nitrification Pilot Plant A crossflow packed bed Captor® pilot tank (6' x 3' x 1.5') was constructed to
establish uniform hydraulic distribution in the reactor vessel. The
biological reactor was filled with 1" x 1" x 5" reticulated polyurethane
sponge pads having about 97% void space with internal and external
surfaces for biomass attachment or entrapment. Early results at
Scottsbluff show 80% to 90% ammonia removal. Tests are ongoing.
http://www.tec-engrs.com/tt992.htm
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
http://www.linde-process-engineering.com/en/p0001/p0052/p0053/p0053.jsp#1
LINPOR®-process
The LINPOR® process makes use of a mobile carrier material
consisting of highly porous plastic foam cubes contained in a
classic aeration tank with fine-bubble diffuser aeration. High
concentrations of microorganisms grow on the carrier material.
Because virtually all the proven and standardized structural
and mechanical facilities of the conventional activated sludge
process can be used without modifications, this process is
ideal for both the construction of new plants and the
refurbishment and extension of existing activated sludge
systems, often without the need for additional construction
measures.
LINPOR®-N process in a municipal
waste water treatment plant
Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
AS processes with internal fixed packing for attached growth
(http://www.ringlace.com/Presentation/)
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
• Ringlace® packing is a looped polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
material (~5 mm in diameter); 25-35 % of reactor’s
volume; individual strands at 40-100 mm apart; specific
surface area 120-500 m2/m2.
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
• Biocarbone® process is
termed the biological
aerated filter (BAF).
• Over 100 facilities have
been constructed
worldwide.
• 3-5 mm fired clay material is used in current designs.
• High DO is required (3-5 mg/L).
• Generally, in the final effluent: BOD and TSS < 10 mg/L and
NH4-N 1-4 mg/L with nitrification.
Biocarbone®
Biofor®
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
• >100 installations in Europe and North
America
• Bed depth 2-4 m; packing termed Biolite®,
an clay material 2-4 mm.
• Used for BOD removal and nitrification/
tertiary nitrification and denitrification
Biostyr®
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
• Upflow system
• Developed in
Denmark
• Bed depth 1.5-3 m; packing with polystyrene beads 2-4 mm;
specific surface area 1000 m2/m2.
• Used for BOD removal only/ combined BOD removal and
nitrification/ tertiary nitrification and post-denitrification.
• Average effluent BOD, TSS and NH4-N concentrations of 7, 11
and 1.8 mg/L, respectively for long-term operation.
Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor (FBBR)
• Upflow system
with velocity 3036 m/h
• Bed of 0.4-0.5
mm sand or
activated carbon
• Bed depth 3-4 m
• 1000 m2/m2
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
• For aerobic applications, influent is aerated to predissolve
oxygen, because adding air to the bed will discharge
packing to the effluent;
• Mainly for post-denitrification
Attached Growth Denitrification Processes
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
Attached Growth Preanoxic Denitrification
Metcalf & Eddy 2003
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Environmental/DENITE/bardenpho.htm
http://www.scitrav.com/wwater/waterlnk.htm
Nebel and Wright 1998
http://www.ecesgroup.com/
Land Application and Landscaper Irrigation
• Risk of the transmission of disease
through the use of untreated
wastewater for vegetable irrigation.
• Studies has shown that bacterial
levels are highest on leafy vegetables
such as lettuce and cabbage, as high
as 37,000 TC per 100g or 3,600 FC
per 100g
• Rinsing in tap-water does not reduce
the indicators to safe levels and
outbreak of diseases such as cholera
have been associated with wastewater
irrigation of vegetables.
• Outbreaks of parasites have also been
linked to this practice.
Land Application and Landscaper Irrigation
• In Israel, stool samples containing Ascaris worms climbed to
35% when wastewater irrigation was used but fell to <1% after it
was banned.
• In the US, a coliform level of 2.2 per 100 ml wastewater is
allowed for food crops whereas for non-edible crops and/or for
general landscape irrigation, it is 5,000 per 100 ml, and for
recreational use 23 per 100 ml.
Recycle Treated Wastewater
• Reuse of treated effluent
from the Ngong Ping
Sewage Treatment Works.
http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/water/prob_solutions/highlights03.html
http://www.info.gov.hk/dsd/charges/sc.htm
Schedule A
$1.2/m3
The unit rate of the SC is
of water
supplied. For each domestic account, the first
12 m3 supplied in each 4 monthly consumption
period is exempted from sewage charging.
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4.
For the ten trades, businesses and
manufactures listed in Schedule A, the amount
of SC chargeable is based on 70% of the water
supplied to account for the water consumed in
the production process which is not discharged
into the public sewers. The others are charged
at 100% of the water supplied.
DSD
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Bleaching and
dyeing of garments
Bleaching and
dyeing of knitted
fabric
Bleaching and
dyeing of woven
fabric
Bleaching and
dyeing of yarn
Knit outerwear
Soft drinks and
carbonated waters
industries
Breweries and
manufacture of
malt liquor
Distilling,
rectifying and
blending spirits
Restaurants
Ice-making
industry