Transcript Title Date - Ciencias y futuro

“The inclusion of Mexico in the global academic and technological
development: perspectives from abroad and their challenges,
considering national and global factors”
17th August 2011
Dr. Jose Bernardo Rosas Fernandez
Integrated knowledge Center & Technology transfer coordinador Cambridge- CONACyT
William Gates Building, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue University of Cambridge
[email protected]
Member SNI (1)
Member of Mexican Academy of Engineering,
President Mexican Talent Network UK
External associate Coordinator for Mexico
ISIS Innovation
University of Oxford
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
The “2D” big picture: Academy, R&D, and Human Needs/Markets (by JBRF)
Science
Policy:
Grants
Infrastructure
Blue
Sky
Research/
Knowledge
Creation
Outputs: Journals,
Citation,
Human Resources
Development
Technology
Policy:
Grants
Infrastructure
Specialised labs
Applied
Research
Outputs: Journals,
Citation,
Human resources
Development
Patents
Consultancies
Prototypes
IP/ Licences
Policy:
Grants
Infrastructure
Specialised labs
Management of IP
Management of
funds
Knowledge
Tech
Transfer
Outputs: Licences,
Patents,
consultancies,
Spin out
Economic/
entrepreurnhip
policies
Grants
Infrastructure
Specialised labs
Seed funding/large
funding
Economic/
entrepreneurship
Industrial policy
Grants
Infrastructure
Specialised labs
Seed funding/
large funding
Tech. Business
Acceleration
Market
License/
Spin outs
Social impact
Cluster
formation/
Wealth creation
Outputs: Licences,
Patents,
consultancies,
Spin outs, sales,
Disruptive
Markets as a goal
Outputs: Licences,
Patents,
consultancies,
Spin outs, sales,
Disruptive markets
Creation,
knowledge Soc
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
A evaluation of Mexico in the global academic and technology development
• There is a common “perception” that Mexico needs to improve its
scientific performance, quality and international based research
• We need to consider some metrics to evaluate us internationally thus,
also internally
The most common and important metrics are:
- Science policy indicators such as GPD pct. of expenditure in science
- Use of “bibliometrics” such as number of journals, citations, impact factor,
h-index….(god know what else....)
- University rankings
- Departmental / Postgrad programmes evaluation & benchmark against
other countries
- (etc... Probably more that enough for today..)
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Percentage and cash of GDP expenditure for Mexico in science
Mexico performs bad in GERD %
(probably the only country stipulated
by law 1% and broke its own laws!)
BUT IN CASH expenditure Mexico performs
NOT THAT BAD (5.8 B)?
Mexico expend more money that than
Finland and Singapore!!
Can Mexican scientific community justify
more cash with careful planning and focused
promise of deliveries?
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
According the “bibliometrics” which are the global scientific producers leaders?
News for Mexican Scientific system to consider: China,
the same country which Mexico has been struggle to get
the lead in international Manufacturing Market is expected
to become the World’s leader in science citations over
passing USA in two years Nihao ma?
Misleading does not help, “news” around
claiming that Mexico is the 7th Science
producer... in developing countries...
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
How the world collaborate (UK royal society report)?
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Mexico’s overall punch and partners (US, Europe...)
Individual relationships or country to
country agreements?
28th papers
33rd Citations
th
85 citation per paper
USA main
partner for
long time
EuropeMexico
S&T
Agreement
(2003)
Mexico
improves
impact
collaboration
with
Germany
and Italy
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
UNAM is the main contribution in science in Mexico
• Different countries have national evaluations, rankings and additional assesment
not only among universities but among all departments
•Mexico has long history in “general” indicators, but there is a lot of work to improve
Evaluation of quality in teaching and research in Universities
• Teaching performance has been evaluated by Mexican newspapers reforma and
El Universal
• The first and only assessment of scientific production by an Institution in Mexico has been
done by UNAM (Estudio Comparativo de Universidades Mexicanas (ECUM)).
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
UNAM is the main contribution in science in Mexico (II)
• According ECUM (from ISIS web of knowledge in 2008) Mexico scientific
production come from internationally collaboration in a 40% (not bad)
•However, the number of publications and citations per paper is still low
comparing with top countries
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
European Union-Mexico collaboration is becoming important
The only global collaboration which call/evaluation (some previous attempts with Texas A&M)
Unfortunately normally Mexico lacks of long term, strong-link programmes like this
(for example the science budget of projects for 2008 was delivered recently; so it is difficult
to compete Internationally with delays)
Note: FP7 total budget 50 thousand millions euros
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Universities performance has its own rankings
• World rankings are varied, polemic and unequally measure
• However , they provide a good reference of performance
• Also public policies for performance evaluation can be done to individuals
universities…..
• The most important Universities rankings are The Academic Ranking of World
Universities (ARWU) compiled by a Chinese University, the Times Higher
education, QS and others ranks include Ranking of Scientific Papers, etc
• Most rankings and dominated in the top 10/20 by USA and UK universities
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Lets take one of the rankings, the QS
Rank
Title
Country
Score
1
University of
Cambridge
100.0
2
Harvard University
99.2
3
Yale University
98.7
4
UCL (University
College London)
5=
Massachusetts
Institute of
Technology (MIT)
98.2
6
University of
Oxford
98.2
7
Imperial College
London
97.8
University of
Chicago
97.5
California Institute
of Technology
(Caltech)
96.4
Princeton
University
96.0
8
9
10
World
98.5
Latin America
ank
Title
Country
Score
1
Universidad
Nacional
Mexico
Autónoma de
México (UNAM)
100.0
2
Universidade de
Brazil
São Paulo
93.0
3
Universidade
Estadual de
Campinas
(Unicamp)
Brazil
84.5
4
Universidad de
Buenos Aires
Argentina
77.3
5
Pontificia
Universidad
Chile
Católica de Chile
76.4
6
Universidad
Austral
Argentina
71.4
7
Universidad de
Chile
Chile
70.2
8
Universidade
Federal do Rio
de Janeiro
Brazil
68.0
9
Tecnológico de
Monterrey
(ITESM)
Mexico
66.1
10
Universidad de
Los Andes
Colombia
46.6
Mexico
nk
Title
Country
Score
1
Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México
(UNAM)
Mexico
100.0
2
Tecnológico de Monterrey
(ITESM)
Mexico
66.1
3
Universidad Iberoamericana
Mexico
(UIA)
35.5
UNAM in QS rankings, how can it
be downgraded 122 places in one year??
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
222
190
150
192
74
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
A path to improve: Benchmark to International programmes in Education
• Mexico has a very good initiative in “certification of evaluation” done by
COPAES
• Mexico has started to develop international mobility in undergraduate such as ITESM
and UNAM (with Stanford for example)
• In Latin America the flow is bidirectional but in top rated universities very few
Students study partially in Mexico
• Examples in mobility are EU erasmus-mundo, Iberoamerica initiatives and
MIT-Cambridge (full bidirectional)
• In addition, Mexico could benefit to evaluate the programmes in rankings (UK
Rank teaching in 24 points) and international benchmarking (quality/lenguage)
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Benchmarking to International programmes (Master/PhDs)
•
•
In Master and PhDs assess more carefully postgraduate programs by CONACyT
(National and International)
According ECUM less than 40 International programmes are established in Mexico
• According the report the money for scholarship vary with the quality of
programme (this can be a issue)
• Misleading does not help for example the IT Master degree of Fundacion Carlos
Slim “validated” by MIT is a very poor quality programme, and even similar to a
commercial training, of any MIT or Cambridge Master degree jointly developed
such as computational biology, Master in Biotech and Nanoscience enterprise,
technology policy.
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
International students flow is an asymmetric reality for Mexico
• With so few “international quality” programmes can be see now clear why
Mexico sponsor a lot of International Students and received few
• There are in USA and UK more than 2,000 Mexican scholars sponsored by
CONACYT
• The SRE promote scholarship of foreign national to study in Mexico. However,
in recent very few have been taken
• International students prefers to go USA and Europe with high tuition fee
• A lot stay in other countries
• There are “intellectual diaspora” networks as th Mexican Talent Network
We have several projects in UK with Ford, Surrey satellite Tech
To discuss: SHOULD MEXICO CHANGE TO A GRADUATE MODEL OF MASTER
OF 1 Year and PhD programmes in research of only 3 years in total?
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
High impact strategy collobartion:
MIT-Cambridge Institute ($120M US/6 years)
• Gordon Brown idea to boos UK Innovation with two “big” institutions
• Chancellor of exchequer of UK funded a 6 year programme for £65 M (GBP)
•
Oriented to innovation: Mobility, New Master Programmes, joint research,
technology innovation, prototyping, technology transfer etc..
• Examples of output:
1) Masters in Nano-science and Biotech enterprise, Technology policy etc..
2) Technology transfer best practices
3) The silent aircraft, to become the world standard airplane in two generations
selected by the world association of aircrafts
Can we do also strategic collaborations with institution with “high-density” of quality programmes
for example UNAM- Cambridge-MIT-Stanford? Why not (although getting 120M US from Hacienda would
be difficult!)
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Let’s talk about innovation and academic entrepreneurship
 Innovation is a word that a lot of people use and have different meanings..
•
In this discussion we define innovation as:
THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF AN INVENTION...
•
Preferable developed “disruptive markets”, high returns and social impacts
• The larger, high return of investment companies use innovation, although some
business may need low degree of innovation...
•
In the globalisation, research centres and Universities are evolving more and more to do innovation of
technology by collaborating with industry through licences or through companies from Universities
and alumni name spin-out/spin-offs
•
Services, reverse engineering and working with industry hiring people are define CONSULTANCY
SERVICES
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Technopole route (complex, interconnect, sensible CYCLE)
Network Organisations
Inside and outside the University
Consultants (technology)
Businesses as employers
Conferences each year
Venture capital
Business Angels
Events
All year round
Incubation Centres
Science Parks
Government funded
Support agencies
Policy making in
local government
Innovation centers
Fraunhofer centers
University Departments
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Multidisciplinary
research
Office sof tech transfer
Human Resources
Tehcnology manag.
Academic Departments
How and innovation process work in from invention to market?
Research centre / University
Applied
research
Invention
Seed
Funding
(normally
Gov)
IP/Policy
GREEN/RED
LIGHT
Sales/Angel
Investment
Large
Sales/Large
Investment
/ROI
Industry
Applied
research
Invention
IP/Policy
GREEN/RED
LIGHT
Product
development
Sales
Large
Sales/ROI
Buy/copy
etc..
We have to be careful in time and investment depending the area for
example clinical and software are very different in investment and time
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Misunderstanding and Closing cycles: Mexico additional challenges
• In some of the Goverment grants companies claimed innovation but
they just use the cash or develop pseudo-technology programmes
• Misunderstanding in part cycle stop reach the goal
• “make-up results does not help? The Mexican government claims that Mexico
generate more engineers than US and Germany and we are the main exporters of
mobile phones.. how many of these engineers can work in high-value projects
In the blackberries that we produce who gets the return of investment?
Example of a project that could have a different end, Satellites: UNAMSAT /SATEX
and STTL Sussex UK. Both projects started in 90’s:
• UNAMSAT A/B highly sucessful!!
• Surrey University also did small satellites in the time!
The Mexican Space agency is an opportunity to do a innovation integrator
centre for example, thin layer to have policies and real impact in the industry.
However I think the Space agency will not help to develop S&T will be
support by other means of our S&T and Innovation efforts
(and of course the new director will be selected openly so any one can
apply!)... (I am looking for votes....!!)
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Some key elements to considered to implement and assess
in the Mexican Innovation/Entreuperneur system
• Cultural change to develop and allow human resources to do high-value
innovation projects
• Development of effective office of technology transfer in research centres
(cluster to received high-values projects)
• Flexible and continuum seed and large funding (one of the main
challenges for my point of view)
• Innovation policies assesmenent and adaption (see repot on OCDE)
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Does a University Professor must be an entrepeuner and work for its founded company
•
•
There is a lot of different approaches in the world. However is clear that the main inventor
may be involved in the whole process
In the case of Cambridge for example a professor can be founder, owner, work in the
company and get returns
For example:
-
-
The Professor of Physics, Cavendish lab (same position of Maxwell, Rutherford, Thomson..).Professor Friend discovered and patent the organic LEDs and help to develop display
technologies in TV, mobiles.. Also he discovered the “plastic transistor” that is being develop
for flexible display and plastic electronics.
The Professor of Computer Lab.- Andy Hopper, who has developed 12 companies, one with
50% of the market in home internet modems based in ADSL
The Professor of Biotechnology- Chris Lowe, has founded 9 Biotech successful companies
with high social impact in health care
Should inventors/professor in Mexican centres to be allowed to do similar things?? Is this a
conflict of interest? (Clear for other countries is a successful method and conflicts an be
solved)
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Real impact collaboration with industry: Innovation-Centers
Develop ideas, products together,
not only human resources
Pre-prototype
Development
Pilot
Manufacturing
Top-level
Road-mapping
Transfer to
Full Production
Competitive
Analysis
Value Chain
Analysis
RESPONSIVE MODE RESEARCH
Market
Success
Fundamental
Research
Targeted
Research
Partnering/
Business
Derisking
LINK/DTI CHALLENGE PROJECTS
IKC – allows EPSRC funding to extend towards exploitation
•In USA and Europe, engineer or innovation centers have different GOALS and deliveries not only journal
papers, for example they develope technology roadmaps, prototyping and hopefully licences
• Some are main funded by Government and some mainly by Industry (UK/US and Germany respectively)
•Alignment and goals are very important to define assessment, evaluation and control is increasing worldwide
• Mainly focus in innovation and not in services/consultancy , most of them are integrators of large
projects with different institutions
•
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Important of international technology Business Models!!
•
•
•
MICROPROCESSORS ARM
provides developers with intellectual property (IP) solutions for specialised Si chips
fab-less company: chips are designed in Cambridge and licensed to Intel, Texas
Instrument, Sony, Apple etc to be produced elsewhere Worldwide ARM controls
80% of mobile phone chip market
40% of digital camera chip market, also a leader in MP3 player chips, iPod includes 3
ARM’s “IP cores”, iPhone includes ARM’s “IP cores”
l
Cambridge Silicon Radio
Found in 1999 by a group of colleagues at Cambridge Consultants Ltd;
Floated on London Stock Exchange in 2004
The company produces integrated circuits and software solution for :
WiFi applications and cell phones
Bluetooth
Wireless connectivity in general
Cambridge Silicon Radio is the world leader in the production and sale of Bluetooth chips
Two Spin-off’s of the Cavendish Laboratory (Physics Dept.) , World leaders in plastic
electronics and organic displays
PL design plastic electronic component for:
Flexible, portable display, RF ID tags, smart packaging and shelving
CDT world leader in plastic light emitters for: Mobile phone displays and case
Large Screen displays Both companies rely on low cost printing of plastic electronic
devices
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Office of commercialisation (IP) in Universities/centres
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Office of commercialisation metrics and outputs
Flow: Disclosure, applied to patents,
Patent grant, Licence, sales, sell company
 BECAREFUL WHAT YOU PATENT
PATENTS MAKE US POOR
LICENSE/SELL OF UNIQUE
(DEFENDIBLE) PRODUCTS MAKE US
RICH!
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
The University of Cambridge Discovery Fund
Supporting the 800th Anniversary Campaign – Our Freedom to Discover
% funded by
ISR&D
2006[2](millio
ns $ PPP)
Intensity
(ISR&D by % private sector
government
of GDP)
(industry)
United
States
312535.40[3]
2.68[4]
63.7[4]
31[4]
Japan
118026.3
3.13
74.8
18.1
China
93992.00
1.23
65.7
26.6
Germany
59115.00
2.49
67.1
30.4
France
38985.00[4]
2.16[4]
50.8
39
United
Kingdom
33231.20
1.88[6]
43.80
31.40
Korea
28288.30
2.85
75
23.1
Canada
21047.60[4]
1.99[4]
47.1[4]
34.1[4]
Italy
17505.50
1.11[6]
43.00
50.80
Russia
16669.70
1.15
31.4
60.6
Taipei(China) 14951.00
2.56
64.4
33.9
Spain
11801.90
1.07
48
41
Sweden
10440.90[7]
3.95[6]
65
23.5
EU-25
210167.90
1.81[6]
53.7
35
OECD
729430.80[4]
2.26[4]
61.9
30.2
Country
• Venture capital industry take “your company”
And make in grow (value it better) to sale it after
for 20 or more times of the value they invest
(not the best system but how it works..)
“Trying to get sales (or advance cash) as soon as possible is
the best way to avoid angel/VC funding (Dr Hauser, one of the
main VC investors in Europe)
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Example of Cambridge Silicon Fen cluster: Critical Mass of R&D
International Companies
• Companies understand that to maintain
competitiveness they must be increasingly
innovative and interdisciplinary
• Relying solely on internal resources for new product
development can be a recipe for disaster
• Philips, Intel, Xerox have pioneered a new Open
Innovation approach based on inflows and outflows
of knowledge to and from external organisations.
This is becoming widespread
• The level of scientific and technical know-how
floating around Cambridge has attracted large
corporations from all over the world
• Several corporate R&D centres have been created
• Cambridge as become an Open Innovation hub
Geographically small, only infrastructure needed
• PLUS 1,500 technology companies
Develop ideas, products together,
not only human resources
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Innovation Policy in Mexico
• CONACYT has good programmes in technology development:
AVANCE, Fondo de Innovacion Tecnologica, FINOVA, estimulos de innovacion...y SE (fondos de innovacion)
(although they request 50% of some of other investment)
AERIS – Networks of research/ US and UK has organically growth this in all calls
SNI is good but review...
JUST IN TIME culture
• FUMEC has a good program in technical international sales....
• Good news: Funding for technology is increasing in Mexico but a lot of
best practices/models must be tuned!
• A fund of funds is developed by SE, Nafinsa/CONACyT
For example:
Gerbera,
Alta Venture,
Angel Ventures, Green Momentum (well there are intermediate but this is good)
Avanza Capital,
(AMEXCAP has a plublication on this)
We need to scale this to play the internation game in innovation and promote
results a lot (marketing, marketing and more marketing)
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Science and politicians, Industrial Policy....
• It is important to work with Politicians (YES YOU READ WELL WITH
POLITICIANS) and show them the way/interest
• Does industrial policiy must be stronger in innovation? For example
Does Mexico should promote only 3 or 4 main areas ONLY???
• An example of aggressive Industrial Policy CHINA and RUSSIAN
governments are importing European Technologies to dominate future markets:
Example:
Plastic logic has been bought by 1B US to take to Russian the plastic
Electronics patent technologies: idea to generate a Trillion dollar market
In plastic chips??
• Promexico and SE in Mexico are doing road mapping for areas
•Such as aerospace, automotive, multimedia, energy...
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Final comments
• Barriers will increase with the economic crisis...but recent history proves
that good innovation can survive
• Innovation is a part one of the main drivers of economy, however services
and manufacturing must be maintained (and not as other countries)
• In academy several improvements in assessment could be done internally to
be more strength international cooperation, barriers include infrastructure,
language, mobility and scientific interests, and cash available
• UNAM is the leader institution in Mexico and there is a good chance to
Become ranked among top 40 Universities in the world in the next years
• High value- product innovation and academic entrepreneurship cycle has several
Challenges in Mexico but it is improve fast, but cultural change, OTT scheme
and more funding available are very important challenges
It is good to know the history but I prefer to look for a future on Mexico where we
solve humans needs and the economy of Mexico is driven in part by real innovation
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Consultants (technology)
Network Organisations
Inside and outside the University
MUCHAS GRACIAS
Businesses as employers
Conferences each year
Preguntas, reclamos,
Events
All year round discusiones, etc..
Incubation Centres
Son bienvenidos
Science Parks
Government funded
Support agencies
Policy making in
local government
CIKC
University Departments
Dr. J. .B Rosas-Fernandez
Venture capital
Business Angels
Multidisciplinary
research
Cambridge Enterprise
CfEL
IfM
Academic Departments