Transcript Slide 1

Slide Headline
Elbit UAV Systems
Certification and Airworthiness
of UAS
Methodology and Experience
Contents
Design for AW, safety & certification
ESL past & present experience
Background for civil certification in Israel
New legal situation
Civil Methodology of certification in Israel
Baselines of approval granting
Experience:
Special Permits for UAS Type
Hermes 450 ®
Skylark I ®
Skylark II ®
WK approval process
Past experience with foreign authorities
Design for
Airworthiness, Safety
& Certification
ESL past experience
ESL past experience
Standards for Previous Design
The Hermes® Family was developed to comply with
existing manned A/C standards & procedures.
Tailoring of these standards was required for UAV’s.
MIL-STD’s were mainly in use (IAF requirements).
Experience with IAF
Hundreds of airworthiness
related documents were
prepared :
Safety & Reliability assessment
reports.
Analysis reports (Loads
,Thermal, Flutter. electrical
loads.)
Qualification test reports
performed at LRU Level
POD test reports for
subsystem.
Load test reports for major
structural components.
Engine endurance test reports .
EMI & RFI test reports at LRU
and at UAV level .
Software versions ATP reports.
AV & FLT ATP (tests with the
real HW)
Flight test reports :
Preliminary report after each
flight .
Malfunction analysis reports .
Test phase reports .
Subsystems level test reports
(Avionic , Flight control,
Electrical power…)
Final platform test report .
Final system test report .
Airworthiness Process
Analysis +
Lab Tests
Subsystems
Test bed flights
Development
Integration
ATP
Safety Review
Board
Ground Tests
Flight Tests
Flight Tests
Plan
Requirements
Safety of Flight
Report
Specifications
Platform Validatation &
Verification tests
Temporary
System A/W
Certification
Operational Test
and Evaluation
Test Order
System A/W
Certification
Test Readiness
Review
IOC
Standards for Present Design
The growing interest in UAVs around the world raised
the need for UAV defined standards.
Standardization in progress
A new set of design standards was adopted by ESL for
present design.
STANAG 4671 are related as the certification basis,
with reference to the more formal CS-23, tailored for
UAS for medium UAS
Extensive safety analysis and robust design for mini
and small UAS
Background for
UAS
civil certification in Israel
Civil Certification Status
Background
The certification methodology of UAS is
presently in a transition stage.
The fast development of UAS raises a requirement to
operate them in a non-segregated airspace
The regulatory framework is not yet mature
Regulations and procedures are still in development
through internationally harmonized efforts.
National approvals are granted for various
systems
Status in the World
Europe
EASA A-NPA
EUROCAE WG 73
EUROCONTROL
EDA
ICAO
UASGG Unmanned Aircraft
Systems Study Group
USA
FAA
RTCA SC 203
ASTM
NTSB
NATO
USAR STANAG 4671
Participation in International Forums
Elbit Systems is an active member in
EUROCAE WG-73
Scope: Setting Standards for Certification and Operation of
UAV
Established: April 2006
Participation in SG2 subgroup on Airworthiness
Leading “Restricted Type Certificatate” Working Paper
Leading “Launch and Recovery” Working Paper
Member in USA forums
RTCA SC 203
ASTM F38
ESL has Launched a development effort in the area of Sense &
Avoid.
Status in Israel
All civil flights in Israel are under the jurisdiction of
the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel (CAAI)
The oversight of the majority of the sky is done by
the Israeli Air Force (IAF), except:
A corridor from Tel Aviv to Jordan
A corridor from Tel Aviv to Eilat
Prior to 1/2/2007 all UAS flew under the jurisdiction of
the IAF
Since 1/2/2007 the UAS that are not direct IAF interest
(mission or development) have to fly under the
jurisdiction of CAAI
New Legal Situation in Israel
Civil UAS Certification Committee (CUC2) has been appointed by
General Director of the Ministry of Transport
General Director of the Ministry of Defense
The Committee is formed from specialists that have ample UAS and
aeronautics background from IAF and Aeronautical Industry
The Committee
Conducts technical surveys
Recommends approvals
The approvals are endorsed by the head of CAAI
The approvals contain operational limitations in order to ensure that
the safety level of the ongoing civil operations is not diminished by the
UAS presence
Civil MethodologyMethodology
for
of certification in Israel
Civil Certification in Israel
UAS Certification Procedure
Civil UAS Certification Committee (CUC2) has
issued a procedure for
“Certification and approval of changes for UAS ”
Classification
Procedures for systems with flight experience prior to
the nomination of the committee
Experience
Safety Analysis
Procedures for new systems
Classification
Classification by service experience
Experimental configuration – less than 10 flight hours
Maturation configuration - less than 2000 flight hours and 100
successful take-offs and landings
Proven configuration
Classification by weight
Mini
Small
Medium
Heavy
1-14 kg
15-199 kg
200-1999kg
above 2000kg
Classification by first flight date
Before 1/2/2007: Approval based on experience and safety
assessment
After 1/2/2007: Approval based on certification basis and safety
assessment
Procedure for New Systems
Systematic certification Methodology
Basis of Certification:
USAR STANAG 4671
Exemptions
Equivalent Level of Safety Findings
Special Conditions (where required)
List of Required Documents
Company Approval
First Flight
Maturation Configuration
Proven Configuration
USAR STANAG 4671
Adoption of USAR STANAG 4671 as Basis of
Certification for Medium UAS:
WK
Complies with few exceptions
Compliance with Do 178B and Do 254 as required by USAR
1309 and ACM 1309
Hermes 900 ®
Designed to comply
Gap Analysis for Legacy Software to demonstrate equivalent
level of safety to 1309 requirements
Experience
with CAAI
ESL Experience
with CAAI
Elbit Systems CAAI Approvals
UAS Design Organization
UAS Operation Organization
UAS Pilots
UAS Special Flight Permit for specific UAS
UAS Special Permit for UAS Type
Special Permit for UAS for Tests Flights and
Demonstrations only
Specific UAS Special Flight Permits
Type
Skylark I
Wight Class
Type of Approval
®
Mini
~5 Kg
Before 1/2/2007
Special Permit for
UAS Type
Proven
configuration
®
Small
50 Kg- 60Kg
Before 1/2/2007
Changes after
1/2/2007
Special Permit for
UAS Type
Maturation
configuration
Small
90 Kg
After 1/2/2007
MaturationConfigura
tion
Medium
~ 450 Kg
Before 1/2/2007
Special Permit for
UAS Type
Proven
configuration
Medium
~ 480 Kg
After 1/2/2007
First flight:
16 April 2008
Flight permit
Maturation
configuration
Skylark II
Skylark IIA
®
Hermes 90
®
Hermes 450
®
Hermes 450J
WK 450
Date of First Flight
®
Skylark I ®
Fully autonomous flight
Gross weight < 5kg
Wing span - ~2m
Electric motor
Operational Flight alt - 300-1500ft above ground
Max Alt – 15,000 above sea level
Airspeed - 24-50 Kts.
Endurance – up to 90min
Operational Communication Range > 10 km
Automatic take-off (hand, bungee or mini
launcher launch)
Automatic and precise landing (airbag recovery)
Deployment < 10 min
Inaudible - 100m AGL
Skylark II ®
Fully autonomous flight modes
Gross weight – 60 Kg
Wing span – 6.5m
Electric motor
Flight alt – 500-5000ft AGL
Flight Ceiling – 15000 ft ASL
Airspeed - 40-70 Kts
Endurance – more than 4 h
Flight range - 60 km
Inaudible from 500 ft AGL
Automatic take-off vehicle/trailer mounted launcher
Automatic landing
Hermes 450 ® Special Permit for UAS Type
Elbit Systems’ Hermes 450 is the first
UAS to fly under a permit issued by
CAAI, the Civil Aviation Authority of
Israel.
CAAI has granted Elbit Systems a
‘Special Permit for Unmanned
Aircraft System Type’ for the Hermes
450 and an authorization to operate,
under limiting conditions, from
specified airfields.
The permit has been granted upon a
technical survey conducted by the
UAS Committee, endorsed by Mr. Udi
Zohar, head of CAAI.
Hermes 450 ® Special Permit (Cont’d)
Permit Basis
Excellent in service experience and record of the Hermes 450
operated by the IDF, for more then 65,000 flight hours (at the time
of approval)
Extensive safety analysis.
Operational Requirements and Limitations
Applied in order to ensure that the safety level of the ongoing civil
operations is not diminished by the UAS presence
Civil flights priority in the specific CTR
Approved transfer route from the CTR to the military controlled
airspace
Implementation of IFF mode3 & C.
Hermes 450 ® Special Permit (Cont’d)
The UAS has been registered and received 4X call signs.
Routine Hermes 450 flights are processed and issued under civil
aviation operational procedure.
As the UAS evolves various changes have been approved :
H450J- approved
H450W- under approval process
WK Approval
First flight – 15 April 2008 after 1/2/2007
First stage:
Experimental configuration- first flights
Maturation Configuration- for flight tests only
60 flights performed
Certification basis:
USAR STANAG 4671- extensive compliance unless replaced by UK
requirements.
RTCA/DO - 178B Software Considerations in Airborne Systems
RTCA/DO - 245 Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic
Hardware
UK airworthiness requirements
JSP553 – Military Airworthiness Regulations.
DEFSTAN 00-970 part 9 (Airworthiness)
DEFSTAN 00-123 (Technical Procedures)
DEFSTAN 00-56 Issue 3 (Safety)
Extensive Safety Analysis
Ongoing process of selected reports approval
Complementing effort with UK Military Certification
Past experiencePast
experience
with foreign authorities
with foreign authorities
Previous Approvals
FAA COA Certificate of Authorization to Department of Homeland
Security for Hermes 450 ® Flight - June 2004
UK Flight Authorization for Aberport UAV Flying Demonstration for
Hermes 450 ® - August 2005
UK Ministry of defense - Design Approval for Military Aircraft and
Airborne Equipment - DAOS- for design, development, manufacture,
modification and flight test of unmanned vehicle systems- Nov 2006,
updated February 2007
Approvals for military missions: IDF, UK and others
RTS for H450 ® in the UK (GTOL upgrade in process).
Summary
UAS Design Organization
UAS Operation Organization
UAS Pilots
UAS Special Flight Permit for
specific systems
Hermes 450C ® : basic
configuration and derivatives
Hermes 450J ®
Hermes 450WK - permit for flight
tests and activity for full certification
Skylark 1 ®
Skylark 2 ® with derivatives
Skylark 2A ®
Hermes 90 ®
Hermes 900 ® - at the stage of
application
Hermes 450W ® – approval for
testing configuration
Choice of highest level of
airworthiness requirements
USAR for medium UAS
System Safety with emphasis on
SW and FW development for mini &
small UAS
Full collaboration with Israeli
Authorities
Certification of products
Feedback to regulatory effort
Active participation in
International Forums