Transcript Agenda 4(d)(i) Critical Use Nominations

20th MOP - Doha
Critical Use Nominations
MBTOC Cochairs:
 Mohamed Besri
 Michelle Marcotte
 Marta Pizano
 Ian Porter
QSC Taskforce Chair: Jonathan Banks
Montreal Protocol MOP-20, 16 – 20 Nov 2008, Doha
TEAP
MB Global Consumption 1991-2007
60,000
Baseline Non-Article 5
Baseline Article 5
MB consumption (metric tonnes)
50,000
MB consumption Non-Article 5
40,000
MB consumption Article 5
30,000
Consumption 2007
20,000
Non A5 - 6,000 t
10,000
A5
- 6,146 t (approx.)
0
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
19
TEAP
Note: Reported Production for QPS Uses in 2006 - 10,275 t (approx)
Progress in A5 Parties in 2007
• Reported consumption in 2007 was 38% of the
total A5 baseline, down from 45% in 2006.
• Since 2003, total consumption (on average) has
fallen by 1,420 metric tonnes per year (2003 –
2007).
• Over 93% of consumption in 2007 in A5 countries
is being scheduled for phase out under projects
funded by the MLF by 2015 or earlier.
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Quarantine and Pre-shipment
• Largest remaining production of an uncontrolled ODS.
• Quantities for particular QPS uses not defined - last
detailed survey was in 2002.
• 2006 QPS production - 34% of total MB production.
Methyl bromide for QPS (metric tonnes)
Reported or estimated global QPS production
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16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
MBTOC Workplan for 2009 CUN Round
CUN 09 Nominations submitted by Parties
24 January 2009
Questions of clarification to Parties
7 March 2009
CUN 09 considered at MBTOC meeting
MBTOC - S:
April
MBTOC - QSC: April
CUN 09 considered at TEAP meeting
27 April - 1 May 2009
TEAP Report published on web
Late May 2009
29th OEWG (bilaterals)
20 - 24 July 2009
MBTOC supplemental meeting/report (If
MBTOC is ‘Unable to Assess’ some
nominations)
September/October 2009
21st MOP
November 2009
TEAP
Meta-analysis Update
• The TEAP Special Report was published in May 2006.
• Clarification on the metaanalysis process was supplied to the US in
May 2007.
• Detailed description of all studies,treatments and all published
papers used in meta-analysis was also supplied to the US in August
2007.
• Response to Decision XIX/9 provided to the OEWG-28 in 2008.
• In response to issues raised at the OEWG a teleconference with the
US was held and a summary provided in August 2008.
• After further requests at a bilateral meeting held in Alassio in
September 2008 a detailed written response was provided to the
US.
TEAP
20th MOP - Doha
Critical Use Nomination
Overview
TEAP
Trends in Total Amount (mt) of MB Approved or
Nominated for Critical Uses from 2005 - 2010
Total amounts
approved for
critical uses
continue to fall in
all countries, but
at different rates.
12000
10000
Australia
Canada
8000
EC
Israel
Japan
6000
New Zealand
Switzerland
4000
USA
2000
0
TEAP
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
MB Amounts Approved or Recommended for
Approval by Parties for Continuing
Nominations (2005 to 2010)
Australia
Canada
Israel
Japan
USA
TOTALS
2005
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
147
75
49
48
38
[36]
62
54
53
42
34
[30]
1,089
880
966
861 [611]
748
741
636
444
305 [267]
9,553 8,082 6,749 5,356 4,262 [3,233]
16,050 13,418 9,160 6,996 [5,250] [3,567]
NZ, Switzerland and the EC have ceased submitting CUNs.
TEAP
2008 Nominations and Recommendations
by Party (metric tonnes)
Approved
2009
Australia
38
Canada
34
Rec.
2009*
Nom.
2010
Rec.
2010
38
[36]
6
[5]
30
[30]
699
[611]
-
-
305
289
[267]
USA
4,262
3,399*
[3,233]
Totals
4,639
3,756
[3,567]
Israel
Japan
TEAP
Nom.
2009
705
[616]*
MBTOC recommended amounts under consideration for the
2008 round are shown in brackets. * Renominated amount.
Progress in MB Phase out by Sector
 In the 2008 round, MBTOC considered nominations for 4740 t MB
for soils uses and 321 t MB for post harvest uses requested for
either 2009 and 2010. Amounts in 2010 were revised downwards
by 602 t.
 95% of the reduction of MB for controlled uses in non A5 countries
is for phase out for preplant soil uses.
MB Consumption (tonnes)
60,000
50,000
40,000
Soils
30,000
Post Harvest
20,000
10,000
0
TEAP
1995
1998
2001
2005
2008
Reported Stocks of MB (Dec IX/6 1,bii)
MBTOC has not accounted for stocks when evaluating CUNs
Party
Australia
Canada
EC
Israel
Japan
New Zealand
USA
Total
TEAP
Quantity of MB as reported by
Parties at the end of 2007
(metric tonnes)
0
0.348
8.446
190.450
17.594
5.500
6501.000
6723.338
20th MOP - Doha
MBTOC Soils
TEAP
Nominations for preplant soil use of
MB in 2009 and 2010
Preplant Uses
CUN 2009
CUN 2010 *
Broomrape in vegetables
Israel
-
Cucurbits, incl. melons
Israel, Japan, USA
Japan, USA
Forest Nurseries
USA
USA
Ginger
Japan
Japan
Nurseries (fruit, nut, flower)
USA
USA
Orchard replant
USA
USA
Ornamentals
Israel, USA
USA
Peppers and eggplant
Japan, USA
Japan, USA
Tomatoes
USA
USA
Potato, Sweet potatoes
Israel, USA
USA
Strawberry fruit
Israel, USA
USA
Strawberry runners
Australia, Canada, Israel, USA Australia, Canada, USA
TEAP
* Israel has not yet applied for MB use in 2010
MB Preplant Soil Use - 2008 CUN Round




31 CUNs submitted, 12 for 2009 and 19 for 2010.
10 nominations were reassessed based on new information from
the parties after the OEWG-28.
The US revised their total nominated amount from 3722.23 t to
3164.982 t to account for uptake of iodomethane which obtained
a new registration in Florida and reregistration in all States except
California. (Revised nominations were received for tomatoes,
strawberries, ornamentals and peppers).
Japan submitted new technical advice on its action plan to phase
out by 2013, and this led to reassessment of four CUNs
(cucumbers, peppers, melons, watermelons).
TEAP
Changes in nominated and recommended amounts of MB
for preplant soil uses after the interim report (May 2008)
Party
CUN
Japan*
TOTAL
USA
Initial
Nom.
Interim
Rec.
Revised
Nom.
Final
Rec.
221.40
152.87
-
199.90
Cucurbits
340.405
266.199
-
302.974
Peppers
658.952
457.299
463.282
463.282
Ornamentals
111.391
92.912
95.204
84.617
Strawb. fruit
Tomatoes
TOTAL
1191.815
994.582
3297.145
998.063 1103.422 1007.477
704.715
737.584
737.584
2519.188 2739.897 2595.934
* Japan sectors reconsidered - cucumber, peppers, melons & watermelons
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Final recommendations for soil use in
2009 and 2010 (metric tonnes)
Quantity approved in CUN07 for 2009
New quantity nominated for 2009
Recommended
Not Recommended
Initial nomination for 2010
Revised nomination for 2010 after OEWG
Recommended
Not Recommended
TEAP
Total
4,191.498
697.048
608.454
88.594
4,042.582
3,485.298
3,297.800
187.498
Progress in phase out of MB for major
preplant uses - Vegetable crops
The US (5), Israel (4) and Japan (4) are the remaining nominating
parties. Other parties have phased out MB for vegetable crop uses.

Tom atoes
3500
metric tonnes
3000
2500
Belgium
2000
Greece
1500
Italy
1000
USA
500
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
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Progress in phase out of MB for major
preplant uses - Strawberry fruit crops
US and Israel are the remaining nominating parties. Australia, EC (France,
Spain, Italy, United Kingdom) and New Zealand have phased out MB for
this use.
Straw be rry Fruit
2500
Australia
2000
France
metric tonnes

Israel
1500
Italy
New Zealand
1000
Spain
UK
500
USA
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
TEAP
Ye ar
Standard presumptions used in the
2008 round
• During the CUN round of 2008, the maximum dosage rates considered
necessary for specific uses and film types are shown below.
• A review is being conducted of commercial rates adopted with different
films.
Film Type
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Maximum MB Dosage Rate (g/m2)* in MB/Pic mixtures
considered effective for:
Strawberries and
Vegetables
Nurseries*
Orchard
Replant
Ornamental
s
Barrier films
- Pathogens
12.5
15
15
15
Barrier films
-Nutsedge
15.0
17.5
17.5
17.5
No barrier
films pathogens
20
20
20
20
No barrier
films Nut sedge
26
26
26
26
* Maximum rate unless certification specifies otherwise
Economic feasibility of Iodomethane (IM)
At the request of the United States at the OEWG-28, MBTOC
considered the economic feasibility of IM in a partial
budgeting analysis framework.
• For many crops and locations, IM is an economically feasible
alternative.
• The cost for fumigant is typically a relatively small share of
total costs and variable production costs.
• After adjusting for dose rates expected to provide equivalent
yields, IM/MB price ratios of 1.4 to 2.0, result in percentage
changes in net revenue which can be very small (<2%) for
high value cash crops (>US$50,000/ha).
TEAP
Issues raised by the CUN08 for
preplant soil CUNs


In early 2008, registration of iodomethane was obtained
in 45 US States, and a non timebound reregistration
granted. The US reduced the nominations by 558 t to
account for this progress. Registration of IM is expected
in Australia, Israel & Japan.
A number of other chemicals are now in the registration
process for specific sectors, including dimethyl disulphide
(DMDS) in Europe and the USA and ethane dinitrile
(EDN) in Australia and a range of new herbicides.
TEAP
CUN Preplant Soil Uses - Significant
Issues
• Australia and Canada could reduce CUNs if they adopt regulatory
changes that lower MB dose rates and/or adopt barrier films for
strawberry runners.
• Japan has further developed an action plan with alternatives
identified to achieve phase out for all preplant soil uses by 2013.
• Israel is considering registration of chloropicrin and 1,3-D/Pic to
reduce MB use.
• Israel, Japan and SE USA continue to increase use of barrier films to
reduce MB dose rates, however they are still prohibited in California.
TEAP
MOP-20 Doha, Qatar
MBTOC QSC
Quarantine, Structures and
Commodities
TEAP
MBTOC QSC CUNs for 2007News of Progress!
• EU publication of Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for fluoride
resulting from SF treatment of dried fruit and nut commodities
resulted in ~ 55% reduction in US commodities the 2010 CUN
because their main export market is the EU.
• Development of alternatives for high moisture dates is being
conducted under aegis of UNIDO. New information from the US
indicates the dates in their CUN are also high moisture fresh
dates.
• Applicants with CUNs continue to support research efforts on
alternatives in commercial scale trials and adaptations and to
make necessary contributions to registration efforts.
TEAP
2008 CUNs for 2009 and 2010
Party
CUN
Final Nomination
(tonnes)
Recommendation
Australia
Packaged Rice
7.82
6.65
Canada
Flour
22.878
22.878
Canada
Pasta
4.74
4.74
Israel
Dates
2.1
2.1
Israel
Flour mills
0.3
0.3
Japan
Chestnuts
5.4
5.4
US
Commodities
19.242
19.242
US
Food processing facilities
37.778
37.778
US
Mills and processors
191.993
173.023
US
Dry cured pork
4.65
4.64
TEAP
QSC CUN Summary
• Australia rice 2010; nominated 7.82 tonnes. Recommended 6.65
tonnes. Australia reported rice growers beleaguered by drought will
not adopted alternatives until rice harvest revert to pre-drought
levels.
• Canada flour mills 2010, nominated 22.878. Recommended.
Canada requested less MB than is required for one MB fumigation
per year per mill. A new regulatory change allows sharing of MB
allocation, within the sector, to the neediest mills.
• Canada pasta 2009; reduced nomination of 4.74 was
recommended. This allows partial treatment of three pasta mills.
Canada’s currently has a zero MRL for fluoride residue from SF
treatment of flour mills or pasta facilities. This makes the use of SF
difficult or impossible under some circumstances.
• Israel dates; nominated 2.1 tonnes. Recommended. Doing research
to try to expand heat treatment to other varieties
TEAP
QSC CUN Summary cont’d
• Israel flour mills, 2009; nominated 0.3 tonnes. Recommended.
Industry may replace MB with spot heat treatments by 2010.
• Japan chestnuts, 2010; nominated 5.4 tonnes. Recommended.
Methyl iodide suitable but not yet registered.
• US commodities 2010; reduced nomination from 43.007 tonnes to
19.242 tonnes. Recommended. We hope a new understanding of its
date sector will enable the US to expand date research.
• US food processing facilities 2010; nominated 37.778.
Recommended. CUN indicates 2010 as final year for transition in
herbs and spice equipment and processed food facilities, except
cheese in storage.
• US mills and processors 2010; nominated 191.993. Recommended
173.023. Reflects significant decreases in rice milling and pet food
processing approx 24% decrease in flour milling.
• US dry cured pork 2010; nominated 4.65. Recommended. There is
no technically effective and registered alternative for this use.
TEAP
CUE/CUNs for 2009 and 2010
assessed in 2008 round (metric tonnes)
Initial nominations
Revised nominations
Additional quantity nominated for 2009*
Additional quantity recommended for 2009
Quantity nominated for 2010
MBTOC recommendation for 2010
•*Not including first round of CUNs in 2007 for 2009
TEAP
Total
321.808
277.746
7.14
7.14
270.606
269.436
Current Status of Technical Efficacy, Costs and
Adoption of Methyl Bromide Alternatives in Flour Mills
• MBTOC’s review of the current status of flour milling alternatives
was published in May TEAP report.
• Flour milling is the largest non QPS post harvest MB use in
CUNs from Canada, Israel and the United States.
• MB nominations have declined each year, but slowly.
• Some flour mill representatives express continuing concern
about the efficacy and cost of alternatives.
• Fumigators with experience in alternatives say they work and
costs are reasonable.
• MBTOC’s report summarizes methods to ensure flour mill pests
-- at all life stages -- are controlled with MB alternatives
TEAP
Key Technical Concern
• There are consistent indications of the ineffectiveness of
SF in killing insect eggs at low or ambient temperatures,
• Unlike MB, current regulations do not allow SF to contact
many food ingredients present in mills.
• These factors sometimes discourage the adoption of SF.
• As with MB, which also does not always kill all insect life
stages present, other pest management methods could
be deployed to keep the mill pest free.
• Insect eggs can be killed by increasing SF dosage rates,
but adds cost and might not be the wisest choice from a
total environmental perspective.
TEAP
Non-MB Mill Pest Control Findings
• Intensive sanitation and enhanced integrated pest
management (IPM) are prerequisites to full site
treatment.
• Heat treatments – 50°C for 24-36 hours - are effective
when carefully planned and executed with additional
pest barriers.
• SF fumigations should be conducted jointly with heat to a
temperature of 27°C (80°F) to achieve satisfactory egg
kill. In many cases, supplemental heat will be required.
• The majority of pest control operators achieved technical
efficacy and comparable costs as they gained skills and
experience in treating a particular mill.
TEAP