Blackwater TMDL Development (Upper 4 Impairments)
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Transcript Blackwater TMDL Development (Upper 4 Impairments)
Chowan River TMDL
Development and Source
Assessment
Tidewater Area
October 20, 2004
Watershed
Chesapeake Bay
Stream Network
Major Roads
Water Bodies
County Boundaries
Watershed Boundary
5
0
5 Miles
/(13
Norfolk
/(
13
,.-264
Atlantic Ocean
,.-64
Virginia Beach
÷
ø
165
N
Chesapeake
W
E
S
/(17
÷
ø168
North
Landing River
#
Back Bay
TMDL Steps – Tidewater
Monitoring/Listing - Identification of Water
Quality Problem.
Source Assessment – Locating potential
contributors of pollutant in watershed.
Modeling – Examining the movement of
sources from the land to the water.
Allocation/TMDL – Use the model to
determine the load reductions necessary to
achieve water quality goals.
Historical Water Quality Data
Analysis
Fecal Coliform Concentrations
Impairment
Station
Sampled
Dates
Count Minimum
Maximum
(#) (cfu/100ml) (cfu/100ml)
Mean
Median
(cfu/100ml) (cfu/100ml)
Violation Violation
(%)
(%)
1,000
400
Milldam Creek
5BMLD001.92 9/95-3/04
83
49
8,000
406
100
11
17
Nawney Creek
5BNWN000.00 6/93-3/04
100
25
4,700
589
200
17
34
Nawney Creek
5BNWN001.84 6/93-3/04
100
25
2,900
528
210
18
38
West Neck Creek 5BWNC001.73 1/85-5/04
201
9
24,000
506
100
6
11
West Neck Creek 5BWNc003.65 6/91-5/04
103
25
4,200
307
100
5
73
West Neck Creek 5BWNC006.64 6/72-5/79
70
19
8,000
953
105
21
27
West Neck Creek 5BWNC010.02 9/95-3/04
86
22
2,000
715
350
31
49
32
95
1,600
1,167
1,600
59
88
London Bridge
Creek
7LOB003.70 12/97-8/00
Water Quality Data Analysis
During TMDL Development
Mean
(cfu/100ml)
Median
(cfu/100ml)
Violation
(%)
235
620
184
75
30
10
750
159
60
20
9
10
420
139
90
22
7/025/04
12
10
450
98
25
17
7/025/04
9
10
120
40
20
0
Minimum
Maximum
Sampled Count
Dates
(#) (cfu/100ml) (cfu/100ml)
Impairment
Station
Milldam Creek
5BMLD001.92
7/023/04
10
10
Nawney Creek
5BNWN000.00
7/023/04
10
Nawney Creek
5BNWN001.84
7/023/04
West Neck Creek
5BWNC001.73
West Neck Creek
5BWNC003.65
Enterococci Data
Count
(#)
Minimum
(cfu/100ml)
Maximum
(cfu/100ml)
Mean
(cfu/100ml)
Nawney Creek 5BNWN000.00
14
10
2,000
278
55
36
West Neck
Creek (Upper) 5BWNC010.02
13
10
2,000
370
280
77
13
40
2,000
425
290
77
Impairment
Station
London Bridge
7LOB001.79
Creek
1Violations
based on Enterococci instantaneous standard (i.e., 104 cfu/100 ml)
Median
Violation1
(cfu/100ml)
(%)
Source Assessment
Permitted discharges
Wastewater treatment
facilities
Human
Biosolids
Pets
Livestock
Wildlife
Permitted Discharges
Chlorine fecal coliform translator
Historical averages (DMR) for calibration period
Design values for allocations
Direct application
Permitted Discharges
VPDES Permitted Discharges
Stream Network
Water Bodies
Impaired Subwatersheds
London Bridge Creek, Canal # 2
Milldam Creek
Nawney Creek
West Neck Creek (Middle)
West Neck Creek (Upper)
Watershed Boundary
{
x
VA0005266 - 005
VA0005266 - 002
VA0005266 - 003
VA0005266 - 007
VA0005266 - 004
VA0005266 - 001
VA0005266 - NR-012
VAR040043
{
x
{x
{
x
#
#
#
{
x
{x
#
{
x
#
#
{
x
#
{
x
#
VPG150001
{
x
#
N
E
W
S
Permitted Discharges
Impairment
Permit ID
Type
Facility
Comment
West Neck Creek (Upper)
VA0005266-001
Industrial
US Naval Air Station Oceana
West Neck Creek (Upper)
VA0005266-002
Industrial
US Naval Air Station Oceana
London Bridge Creek
VA0005266-003
Industrial
US Naval Air Station Oceana
West Neck Creek (Upper)
VA0005266-004
Industrial
US Naval Air Station Oceana
London Bridge Creek
VA0005266-005
Industrial
US Naval Air Station Oceana
London Bridge Creek
VA0005266-007
Industrial
US Naval Air Station Oceana
VA0005266-NR-012
Industrial
US Naval Air Station Oceana Storm Water
Outfall
West Neck Creek (Upper)
Nawney Creek
VPG150001
CAFO
Barry Knight Hog Farm
West Neck Creek and
London Bridge Creek
VAR040043
MS4
MS4
Now owned
by Back Bay
NWF
Exact
location
unknown
Human Source
Population, housing units, and onsite treatment
system based on U.S. Census
Sanitary Sewer
Loading rates
Exfiltration
Overflows
Land-applied / direct deposition
Loading type
Proximity to stream
Human Source
Septic Systems
Straight Pipes
Failure to soil surface throughout year
Lateral movement continuously to stream
Direct continuous input into stream
Biosolids
Land-applied
Human Source
Human Source (2004)
Milldam Creek
Nawney Creek
West Neck Creek (Upper)
151
703
29,549
57
264
9,748
1
0
9,264
51
260
479
HU
with
Other
5
4
5
West Neck Creek (Middle)
4,431
42,585
77,419
1,517
15,358
26,944
539
15,282
25,086
966
76
1,832
12
1
27
Impairment
London Bridge Creek
TOTAL
Housing
Population
Units (HU)
HU
with Sewer
HU
with Septic
Pet Source
Population/household based on literature values,
veterinarians, and animal control
Translated to housing units based on U.S. Census
Land-applied
Pet Source (2004)
Impairment
Milldam Creek
Nawney Creek
West Neck Creek (Upper)
West Neck Creek (Middle)
London Bridge Creek
Total
Dogs
Cats
30
141
5,205
810
8,201
14,387
34
158
5,829
907
9,184
16,112
Livestock Source
Population
Virginia Agricultural Statistics
Consultation with SWCD, NRCS,
VADCR, and VCE
Watershed visits
Distribution of waste
Pastured
Confined, waste collected, spread
Direct deposition to the stream
Seasonal varying applications
Livestock Population (2002)
Impairment
Milldam Creek
Nawney Creek
West Neck Creek (Upper)
West Neck Creek (Middle)
London Bridge Creek
Total
All
Cattle
5
50
39
10
33
137
Beef
Dairy
Hogs
Horse
Sheep
1
8
6
2
5
22
0
1
1
0
1
3
8
0
61
1
54
124
26
266
207
53
178
730
2
21
16
4
14
57
Wildlife Source
Population
Animal densities from VDGIF biologists
Habitat from literature values
Distribution of waste based on habitat
Land-applied
Direct deposition to the stream
Seasonal variations based on migration
patterns and food sources
Wildlife Population
Impairment
Deer Goose Duck Muskrat
Raccoon Beaver Seagull
Milldam Creek
33
18
48
157
153
42
95
Nawney Creek
63
15
39
354
284
34
117
West Neck Creek (Upper)
78
23
60
662
478
52
195
West Neck Creek (Middle)
45
15
40
418
201
39
98
London Bridge Creek
64
16
43
836
393
60
149
283
87
230
2,427
1,509
227
654
Total
Bacterial Source Tracking
Antibiotic Resistance Analysis (ARA)
Differentiates the sources of bacteria
based on bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Bacterial Source Tracking Results
Waterbody
Milldam Creek
Nawney Creek
West Neck Creek
Station
5BMLD001.92
5BNWN000.00
5BWNC010.02
Human
(%)
15
13
10
Pet
(%)
21
17
16
Livestock Wildlife
(%)
(%)
38
26
38
32
49
25
Modeling
Modeling
Hydrologic model
Runoff model
HSPF
Water Quality model
Tidal/Estuary model
CE-QUAL-W2
Model Calibration and Validation
Based on data availability, period of interest
Modeling
$
Conceptual Model
Mathematical Representation
Overland
Direct discharges
Withdrawal
Sewer Overflows
VPDES Permit
Septic Failures
Parking
Lots
Straight Pipes
Pets
Biosolids Application
Lateral Flow from
Septic Systems
Livestock in Stream
Wildlife on the Land
Pastured Livestock
Wildlife in Stream
Hydrologic Modeling Components
Climatic data
Land use
Topography
Soils
Stream channel characteristics
Point source discharge/withdrawal
Flow data
Land use
Land Use Acreages
Agricultural - 89,807
Forest - 35,414
Urban - 59,092
Water - 38,710
Wetlands - 83,576
5
/(13
,.-264
/(13
N
E
W
,.-64
/(165
S
/(168
0
5 Miles
Land use
Impairment
Milldam Creek
Nawney Creek
West Neck Creek (Upper)
West Neck Creek (Middle)
London Bridge Creek
TOTAL
Acres
2,464
4,758
11,100
7,221
5,851
31,394
Forest
(%)
6
4
13
6
12
Barren
(%)
0
0
0
0
4
Agricultural
(%)
28
67
49
28
22
Urban
(%)
0
4
1
0
39
Water
(%)
66
25
36
66
24
Water Quality Modeling Components
Sources
Delivery Mechanisms
Fecal production
FC densities
FC distribution
Direct
Land-applied
Temporal Variation
Public Meeting 2 (Date?)
Public Meeting 3 (Date?)
Public Review
Submit to EPA
State Approval
Implementation Plan Development
Implementation
Hydrologic Calibration
Z
$
S
#
Flow Gage
Precipitation Station
Oceana NAS
S
#
$
West Neck Creek
Z
$
Z
$
West Neck Creek