Transcript Check In Question

Check In Question
What would cause YOU to bring about
a Revolution? (What would upset you
enough to cause you to revolt?)
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
1.
Understand and discuss the various reasons
that revolution may be justified and apply that
to the class discussion about the causes of the
French Revolution
2. Recall the makeup of the Three Estates in
French society and why they created conflict
3. Analyze the specific reasons and events that
lead to the French Revolution
TAKE A STAND
Old Regime
• Estates:
– Privileged Estates
• 1st=clergy
• 2nd=nobility
– Third Estate
• 3rd=the other 97%
Little to no taxes
NO Enlightenment
ideas
–Bourgeoisie (middle class)
–Urban workers
–Peasants
TAXES!!!
ENLIGHTENMENT
WEAK LEADERSHIP
• Louis XVI in SERIOUS debt
because…
• Handed down
• American Revolution
• His wife
• Marie Antoinette
(“Madame Deficit”) NOT
liked by the people AT ALL
• Louis XVI was indecisive
• Estates General
CAHIER OF THE THIRD ESTATE OF PARIS
• Electoral meetings
(village & neighborhood)
to determine
representatives
• Cahier=report (of
grievances &
expectations)
• Created largely by
lawyers and
businessmen
QUESTIONS WHILE READING
1. What view of the Monarchy is expressed in the
Cahier? What kind of government does the Cahier
envision for France?
2. What views are expressed in the Cahier about the
position of the nobility and clergy in the French
society?
3. What solutions does the cahier offer for the
government's fiscal crisis?
4. What should be the primary purpose of legislation
(law)?
5. What changes did they wish to accomplish with the
criminal justice system?
Causes of the French Revolution
1. The American Revolution
2. Enlightenment Ideas (progress, liberty, freedom of
the individual)
3. Social Inequality (plus wanting equal say in
government)
4. Poor Leadership
5. Economics and Finances (debt & taxation)
Check In
Question
What do you think is happening in this picture?
How does it relate to what we learned about last
class?
HOMEWORK
Read pgs. 649-653
Storming of the Bastille:
Great Fear:
Jacobins:
Robespierre:
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
1.
Understand the unfair treatment of the Third
Estate during the Estates General meeting
2. Analyze the reasons behind the members of
the Third Estate breaking away from the Estates
General
3. Understand and recall the importance of the
Tennis Court Oath
REVIEW
• Take A Stand
• Three Estates
– Examples?
• Louis XVI & Marie
Antoinette
• Debt
• Estates General
• Five Main Causes
Estate Meeting
• Proposals for the King:
–Voting by head or by estate?
–Higher taxes on WHAT and/or WHO?
–Where to reduce expenses?
“I swear an oath to God and nation
never to be separated until we have
formed a solid and equitable
Constitution as our constituents
have asked us to.”
Estates General
• Louis XVI and Necker (financial advisor)
originally wanted an overhaul of the tax
system
– First Estate responsible for education
– Second Estate responsible for land
– AKA: they thought they should be exempt
because they didn’t want to lose their power
& wealth
• Pressured to side with them (didn’t want to
lose his power), which leads to…
Estates General
• First meeting in 175 years
– Agreed to let Third Estate have double
representatives
• Medieval rules:
– 1 vote per estate
– Estates must meet in separate hall to vote
– First & Second Estates always worked
together to outvote the Third!!!
– King Louis XVI decides to keep it this way
National Assembly
• Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès
– Clergyman sympathetic to Third Estate cause
– “What Is The Third Estate?”
• National Assembly
– Pass laws and reforms in the name of all
French people
– Majority vote to establish National Assembly
• AKA: goodbye absolute monarchy, HELLO
representative government!
Tennis Court Oath
• 3 days laterLouis XVI locks
their meeting hall
• Broke down the door to an
indoor tennis court
• Resolved to continue meeting
until a Constitution was written
• Members of other Estates
began to join them
Check In Question
A revolution has begun, but you have nothing but
shovels to arm yourselves. Where would you go
to find weapons and supplies?
REVIEW
• Estates Meeting Simulation
• Louis XVI’s original plan
– Refuted because?
• Medieval rules
– How did Louis trick them???
• Sieyès
• National Assembly
• Tennis Court Oath
Check In Question
A revolution has begun, but you have nothing but
shovels to arm yourselves. Where would you go
to find weapons and supplies?
Storming the Bastille
• Louis XVI stations Swiss
guards around Versailles
– People of Paris flip out…think
they need to defend the city
against attack
• July 14, 1789 Storming of the
Bastille
– Attack Paris prison
– Searching for gunpowder and
arms
– Similar to what in U.S.???
Great Fear
• Rumors nobles are hiring
outlaws to terrorize peasants
• Peasants attack nobles’ manor
houses
– Destroy legal feudal dues
papers
– Burned them down
• Women riot at Versailles in
October 1789 over rising
bread prices
Reforms
• Night of August 4th, 1789
– Noblemen made grand speeches…liberty and
equality!
– Old Regime dead
• National Assembly adopts “Declaration on the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen”
– Influenced by Declaration of Independence
Rights of Man vs. Rights of Woman
• Similarities:
– Rights of people (liberty, security, property, resist
oppression)
– Criminal justice
– Freedom of speech
• Differences:
– Women should have the right to speak up about issues
– Women deserve equality in employment, offices, honors
– Property belongs to both women AND men
• Olympe (Rights of Woman)—enemy of the
revolution and executed!!!
State-Controlled Church
• Took over Church lands and sold them to pay
off national debt
• Church officials and priests should be elected
and paid as sate officials
• This upsets the peasants
– Start opposing Assembly’s reforms
• Louis XVI (and family) tries to flee and is
caught
New Constitution
• September 1791, Louis XVI forced to accept
• Limited constitutional monarchy
• Legislative Assembly
– Create laws & approve/reject declarations of war
– King still enforces laws
– Factions
• Émigrés
• Sans-culottes