Transcript RMA CONFERENCE

RMA CONFERENCE
Topic – Adolescents - Risk and
Management
Workshop leaders – Margaret MacKinnon
Educational/Forensic
Chartered Psychologist
Accredited Trauma Specialist
Dan Johnson
Chartered Forensic psychologist
Assessment
Holistic (LD/MH)
Tiered
Risk/needs
Intervenability
Criminogenic need
Desistance
Human capital
Social capital
Developmental
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GENETIC
PREDISPOSITION
3
GENETIC
PREDISPOSITION
EARLY PARENTING
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EARLY PARENTING
TRAUMATIC
EXPERIENCES
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TRAUMA
KEY DEVELOPMENTAL
INFLUENCES IN
CUMULATIVE STRANDS
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RE-INFORCERS
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ENVIRONMENT
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PEER INFLUENCE
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PEER INFLUENCE
DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGE
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DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGE
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LOSS AND TRAUMATIC
GRIEF
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CLOSED MASK
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PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENTAL
INFLUENCES +
RE-INFORCERS
Summary
Build on strengths – ‘Human capital’
Build a social network – ‘Social capital’
Target intervention for risk/need
Evaluate and re-assess.
Contact: [email protected]
0141 586 1200
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Risk management
Dan Johnson
Risk Assessment Tools
Crime Cycle Package
Offender Risk
Assessment
Management
System (ORAMS)
San Diego Risk and
Resiliency Check-up
(SDRRC)
Violence Risk
Scale Youth
Adolescent Chemical
Version
Dependency Inventory (ACDI) (VRS:YV)
Corrections Version II
Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth
Security Risk
Questionnaire
Youth Needs
Assessment/Youth
Case Plan
Washington Association of
Juvenile Court Administrators
Risk Assessment (WSJCARA)
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8 Primary Tools
General Application
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ASSET
YLS/CMI
EARL 20B
EARL 21G
Violent Offending
– SAVRY
– PCL:YV
Sexual Offending
– AIMS
– JSOAP II
– ERASOR
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How ‘RATED’ are they?
Empirical grounding
– All have 6 points or above
Applicability to Scottish Population
– All at 3 points
– Only ASSET, AIMS & YLS have any UK
validation studies
We Need validation studies!
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Risk Tools used in CORA Schools
Key Workers
– YLS/CMI
Psychologists
– SAVRY
– ERASOR
Contributing assessment tools
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NAS-PI
ASSET Mental Health Screener
BarOn
MASC
TSCC
CDI
WISC
PCL-YV
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Specifics of Use
‘Use with caution and be aware of their
limitations’
Concentrate on important:
– Risk factors
– Protective factors
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Risk Management Plans
Plan contributes to Multi-discp Care Plan
To meet NEEDS: both criminogenic and noncriminogenic
Can include recommendations covering
Peers
Family contact /Family intervention
Mentoring
Counselling
CBT
Offending behaviour programmes
– What works?
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Provisos on ‘What works’ and
adolescents
Research limited when compared to
adults.
We should not make assumptions about
youths based on findings with adults.
Many are adult programmes ‘tailored’ to
youths
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What works with Adolescents?
Risk
– Separate low and high risk offenders
– Maximum 20 hours for low risk, more for high risk
Integrity
– Delivered as designed
– Manuals, monitoring, assessment
Responsivity
– Limit programme length to six months
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What works with Adolescents?
Need
– Target the intervention to the criminogenic
needs of the individual
Involve educators and parents
Residential can be as effective as
community programmes
Vocational training is powerful
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What works with Adolescents?
High standard programmes targeting anger
management, academic skills, anti-social
attitudes, cognitive skills and social skills
can impact positively on recidivism.
Lattimer & Dowden (2003)
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CORA Schools Programmes
Violence Reduction
Offending is not the only choice
Ross Programme
Substance Abuse
Keep Your Cool
Integrity: risk, need and responsivity
Supervision and monitoring
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Reality Check
Available programmes are old
– Develop state of the art programmes
Upholding ‘What works’ conditions is
challenging!
– Maintain Resources for What Works: integrity
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Reality Check
Lack of evaluation of interventions
– Need published evaluations
Considered as panacea
– Realistic expectations
– Delivered as part of a plan
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“Some rehabilitation programmes work with
some offenders in some settings when
applied by some staff”
Antonowics & Ross, 1994
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Conclusion
Risk Management tools & What Works
principles are important to reducing the
risk of young people re-offending…
…but there is still room for improvement.
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Questions?
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