Transcript Postwar Taiwan Fiction

Introduction to Postwar Taiwan Fiction
Unit Five
Wars against the Communists:
Taiwan behind the Scenes of the
Korean and Vietnamese Wars
Lecturer:
Richard Rong-bin Chen,
PhD of Comparative Literature.
Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
1
Taiwan behind the Scenes of the
Two Wars
• President Chiang Kai-shek asked to join the
battles in Korean, rejected by Harry Truman.
• Taiwan’s nationalist army sent task-forces to
South Vietnam for logistics, military intelligence
and training assignments.
• Some military facilities in Taiwan were
available for the US forces, mainly for the
purpose of logistics.
2
The Arrival
(Picture taken before the Presidential Palace around Jan 23rd, 1954)
3
The Tattoo
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4
Truman’s “Hands-off” Policy
• US forces would not used to defend Taiwan.
• Both the State Department and CIA predicted
that the island would be seized by Communist
China before the end of 1950.
5
From The Korean War in History
• The US State Department’s document, top
secret memorandum of 23 December 1949
stated that the “fall of Taiwan is
anticipated”.(p.46)
• Western military and diplomatic
representatives on Taiwan in May 1950
expected that Taiwan would fall “by 15 July
1950”. (p.46)
• The Associated Press reported at the end of
April 1950 that “ the PRC’s invasion will be in
July”.(p.46)
Source: James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989) .
The Korean war in history
Manchester University Press
Source: James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989) .
The Korean war in history
Manchester University Press
Source: James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989) .
The Korean war in history
Manchester University Press
6
• At the end of May 1950, the US ConsulateGeneral in Taiwan advised all Americans to
leave Taiwan as soon as possible, predicting a
“Communist invasion within the next three
months”. (p.46)
• Dean Acheson, at an Executive Session of the
US Senate Foreign Relations Committee on
March 29, 1950, stated that the early fall of
Taiwan was probably inevitable.(p.46)
Source: James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989) .
The Korean war in history
Manchester University Press
Source: James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989) .
The Korean war in history
Manchester University Press
7
The Korean War
• April 1950: Kim Il-sung travelled to
Moscow and secured Stalin's support for a
policy to unify Korea under his authority.
• June 25, 1950: the North Korean People’s
Army (KPA) crossed the 38th parallel
border and invaded South Korea.
8
• The Security Council, on 27 June 1950,
published Resolution 83 recommending
member states provide military assistance to
the Republic of Korea.
• On the same day, Truman sent navy and air
forces to Korea first.
• The US response: the nearby American troops
were dispatched to engage KPA; also, the
Seventh Fleet of the US Navy was sent to
“neutralize” the Taiwan Strait.
9
The Domino Theory
Domino Theory- On April 7,1954, President Dwight
D. Eisenhower articulated the domino theory when he
described how a French loss in Indochina would be
like knocking over the first domino in a row, causing
the others to go over quickly.
Through this analogy he was saying that if Vietnam
fell under communist control, then it would be
difficult to prevent communist takeovers in Laos,
Cambodia, Thailand, and possibly even India, Japan,
the Philippines, and Indonesia. This chain-reaction
concept was not new to U.S. containment policy.
(p.112)
Source: David L. Anderson (2002) .
The Columbia guide to the Vietnam War
New York : Columbia University Press
10
The CPC Involvement
• October 8, 1950: Mao Zedong redesignated the
PLA North East Frontier Force as the
Chinese People’s Volunteer Army (PVA).
• October 25: Two hundred thousand Chinese
soldiers entered North Korea after crossing Yalu
River.
• The number of the soldiers: two and half million
PVA soldiers continued to pour into Korea before
the war ended in 1953.
• The number of the Chinese captives: more than 22
thousand soldiers captured.
11
The Arrival at Taiwan
• According to Historical Dictionary of the Korean
War (Paul M. Edwards, 2010), among the captured
Chinese soldiers, 14704 were non-repatriates.
• On January 23, 1954, they landed Keelung.
• The day has thus been named “World Freedom
Day,” an anti-communist memorial day in Taiwan.
• A great part of them had been in the nationalist
army before 1949, and after their arrival in Taiwan,
many were recruited again into the army.
12
“Old Man Yang and His Woman”
by Lu Chiang [履疆] (1986)
•
•
•
•
Old man yang
The aboriginal woman
Back to the Mainland
The return
13
The Vietnam War
• During this Cold War period, the United States
was willing to help any government who was
opposed to communism, like the South
Vietnamese government with the communist
North Vietnamese government as it enemy.
• In his inaugural address, Kennedy made the
ambitious pledge to “pay any price, bear any
burden, meet any hardship, support any
friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the
survival and success of liberty.”
14
After the 7th Fleet sent to Taiwan in 1950, more and
more bars emerged in Kaohsiung, and were not closed
until the end of the Vietnam War in 1975.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=000
2774587&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1321255132923&id=0002779354
&filename=cca100062-hp-ph010_032l-0001-i.jpg
15
A picture taken nearby Kaohsiung’s Love
River, date unknown. The women in the
picture might be bar girls.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_i
d=0002774589&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1321255932649&id=
0002779356&filename=cca100062-hp-ph010_034l-0001-i.jpg
16
Nancy’s Bar in Kaohsiung, 1964.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=00045
05247&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1332415886290&id=0004488647&fil
ename=cca100062-hp-kh2002_012_513_0002-i.jpg
17
The first group of American GIs on vacation in
Taiwan, 65 of them in total, arriving Taipei on
November 25, 1968 for a five-day trip.
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=00
05912267&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1321320283618&id=00058407
39&filename=cca220002-hp-196511250231000002l-0001-w.jpg
18
Some Taiwanese female escorts with US GIs at a
table, enjoying a hot pot. (November 1966.)
http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=
0000812132&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1321255132064&id=0000
969911&filename=cca220001-hp-hjm0140679-0001-i.jpg
19
A Resort for R&R
• 1954: the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty
signed, promoting an emerging bar/dance
hall/night club business. (Bans lifted in 1958.)
• According to the Johnson Administration’s
policy, in November 1965, the Pentagon planned
to raise the number of US troops to 400,000.
• From November 1965 to 1971, about 400,000
American soldiers went to Taiwan for vacation.
• To clear up the “aftermaths” of the vacations,
the first venereal disease clinic was set up in
Taipei in 1968.
20
The Sino-American Relationship
and Crystal Boys [孽子] (1977)
• The story set in Taipei in 1970.
• The US aid to Taiwan: 1951-1965.
• The East District of Taipei: roads like Songchiang Road, Dun-hua North and South Road,
Nanking East Road were built with the money
from the US aid.
• The bar girl with a son named “Little
Johnny.”
• American culture: the Beatles, Tom Jones, and
Jazz.
21
Chen Ying-chen
“Roses in June” [六月裡的玫瑰花] (1967)
in Exiles at Home
• Barney E. William the African-American soldier.
• A story about Barney’s tragic love with Emily
Huang the bar girl.
• Barney’s two burdens on his shoulder: his identity
as a slave’s descendant, and his traumatic
memories from a battle.
• After a short stay in a sanatorium, Barney was
killed in a combat, without knowing Emily had
been pregnant with his child.
22
Huang Chun-ming
“Young Widow” [小寡婦] (1974)
in Oxcart
• The protagonist is a Taiwanese with a foreign
degree in marketing and hotel management.
• In order to enhance an Oriental feeling, the bar’s
name was renamed “Young Widow”.
• Toward the end of the story, the protagonist pulled
out of the business in 1970, and turned to real
estate industry.
• One of the American GIs survived the war,
reunited with a bar girl in the end.
23
The Fall of South Vietnam
• After Tet Offensive and the My Lai Massacre,
the war got more notorious.
• In 1968, the U.S. government passed the
“Vietnamization” policy.
• By 1973, U.S. military involvement ended.
• In 1975, the North Vietnamese army captured
Saigon, which marked the end of the Vietnam
War.
24
Vietnam and Taiwan
• South Vietnam and Taiwan had built a strong
relationship before the former’s fall into the
hands of Viet Cong.
• President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (1965-75) flew to
Taipei before the fall of Saigon.
• According the coverage of Taiwan Review in
February1980 (“Open Heart for Refugees”),
Taiwan used to take in refugees from Indochina
as many as 13000.
• Nearly 4,000 refugees were brought to Taiwan
from April 23 to July 31 in 1975.
25
• The government chartered planes to fly 3,075
refugees from Thailand to Taiwan
• The flood of boat people began in 1977. Fishing
vessels picked up refugees in the South China Sea.
• Buildings at a village in the Penghu Islands
(Pescadores) were taken over and prepared for use
as a refugee camp. By October of 1979, the
agency had received nearly 1,500 Indochinese
refugees at Paisha Village [白沙鄉].
• As of the end of 1979, the Indochinese Refugee
Reception Center [中南半島難民接待中心] in
Paisha still housed some 500 refugees.
26
Vietnamese in Taiwan
“The Sky’s Escape” [逃亡的天空] (1979)
• The protagonist is one of the “boat people” from
Vietnam.
• The author Yuan Ch’iung-ch’iung used the
Vietnamese protagonist to observe the Taiwan in
the 1970s.
• The mainlander who kept talking about planting
peaches.
• The qualities of Taiwanese: self-confident,
peaceful, good talkers, always criticizing and
complaining.
27
• The contradictory and confusing1970s.
• On the one hand, its position in the international
politics was getting more and more embarrassing
after its retreat from the UN in 1971.
• On the other hand, Taiwan was experiencing the
greatest economic boom since the end of World
War II.
• Also, the legitimacy of KMT’s authoritarian
domination started to be greatly questioned and
challenged by Tangwai Movement [黨外運動,
the movement lead by the social and political
powers outside KMT party].
28
Show Foong [曉風]
“1230 Spots” [一千二百三十點] (1996)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Where did I see the tattoos for the first time?
“Long Live Chiang Chung-cheng.”
“Life is preordained.” (p.59)
Before or after New Year’s Day?
Before or after Midautumn?
Consult a fortune-teller.
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
29
What does this passage mean?
• “In recent years, however, his life and his
emotional life have been uneventful.
Rather like a familiar opera whose ending
one already know, the scenario of his fate
can be ignored.” (p.60)
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
30
What does this passage mean? (61)
The afternoon sun is warm. The white geese
glide leisurely. He counts nine of them, but
there are several more under the azalea trees by
the pond, so he isn’t sure about their number.
Inexplicably, a lone mallard dashes about
among them-a bizarre picture.(p.61)
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
31
The Tattoos
•
•
•
•
•
“Kill Zhu and weed out Mao.”
“Anti-Communist; Anti-Russia.”
The flag.
“Succeed or die.” (p.61)
The tattoos made them special among the
mainlanders in Taiwan when it comes to the
problem of returning the Mainland.
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
32
More about the Tattoos
• “The tattooing itself did not add to his worth,
but its removal costs a million dollars. Ha!
Everything in life is preordained.” (p.63)
• Wen Tienxiang’s “Song of Righteousness.”
(p.63)
• The meaning of the tattoos change with
time. While it used to matter significantly in
the 50s, it matters only in terms of money.
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
33
Reflection on the War
• Tang was captured even when he had had a
chance to fire a shot.
• Is it really a war?
• Five Chinese POWs could be exchanged for only
one American POW.
• Americans worth five times as much as the
Chinese.
34
Chinese lives were worthless! On the battledields of
the Korean War, soldiers in their twenties and thirties
died one on top of the other. The youngest were only
fifteen or sixteen. After three months’ training, barely
able to manage a bayonet, they were driven to the
battlegrounds. The hand-to-hand combat drills were
pointless, of course, since the Americans only fought
from a distance. They never sent troops into hand-tohand combat. Thrust!-Hey!-Thrust!-Hey!-Hey-HeyHey!-Thrust!-Hey! But who’s going to use a bayonet?
(p.64)
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
The Korean War and the Vietnam War
35
The Dialogue with the Doctor
“Why, no longer ‘ Anti-Communist’?”
The young doctor joked with him lightly, perhaps to make his
patient relax a bit, Tang thought.
“There’s no need for me to fight them,” he said confidently.
“They’re killing each other now!”
“ And no more ‘Kill Zhu and Weed out Mao,’ either? Well, Mao
means Mao Zedong, but who’s this Zhu?”
“Zhu means Zhu De, their commander-in-chief then , ”he said.
“ There’s no need for me to kill them now. They’ve both
reported to Yama. Saved me the trouble.”
The doctor wore gold-rimmed glasses. He had a baby face ,
looked just over twenty. What did this little brat know?(p.64-65)
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
36
The Scene at the Sun Yat-sen
Memorial Hall
•
•
•
•
The words from the member of the DPP.
The mainlander’s response.
The political idea is out of fashion.
“Were you willing then, or were you
coerced?” (p.66)
• “Fourteen thousand were tattooed. Wouldn’t it
have been a shame not to go along?” (p.66)
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
37
The Return to the Mainland
• Tang remained unmarried, while his wife
had got married again.
• The problem of marriage for the
mainlanders in Taiwan.
• Many of them Die alone.
• On the lower end of the society.
• Cab drivers, vendors, farmers, noodle
stand owners.
• “Fight back and retrieve the Mainland.”
38
Political Controversy in the 90s
KMT vs. New Party (70)
“Sir, Lin and Hau for President and VP;
New Party for the National Assembly,
please. Thank you.”
Tang is taken aback. What? This is the
Veterans General Hospital, the stronghold
of the KMT. How come this New Party
member turns up here?(p.70)
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
39
The Tattoo’s a Part of History
Everything’s gone, he suddenly realizes. Gone is “Kill
Zhu and Weed out Mao,” gone is “ Anti-Communist and
Anti-Russia,” gone is the map, gone is the national flag,
gone is “Succeed or Die.” From now on everything is
wiped out, as if a ring worn for forty years were suddenly
removed, leaving nothing but a white circle. White of
complete emptiness. While of complete nothingness.
Where are those bloody oaths? The doctor says they are
absorbed. But where do they go when they are absorbed?
Into the blood, or the marrow?
Subconsciously, he touches the bowl-size scar. It’s still
there, knotted like the bark of a tree. He feels a little more
secure.(p.70)
40
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
The Last Stop, Sanxia.
“We’ll talk about staying for good’ later. I know
what I’ll do now. Next month I’ll go visit them, and
give them my family support allowance. I’ll return
in ten days. I’ve thought it all out. The rest of my
life I’ll just stay in the Three Gorges, Sanxia- over
there it’s called Sanxia, and here it’s also Sanxia.
Oh, yes, you must try to remember that Sanxia is
the last stop; from there you transfer to Baiji. Get
off at Baiji and walk- to Home of the Honored
Citizens. Don’t forget!”(p.71)
Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David
Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed
[electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora.
New York : Columbia University Press.
41
Huang Chun-ming [黃春明]
“The Taste of Apples” [蘋果的滋味] (1972)
• First published in the supplement to China Times
in December, 1972, Huang Chun-ming’s “The
Taste of Apples” can be first of all interpreted as a
political novel criticizing America’s great
influence on Taiwan during the “U.S. Aid” period
(1951-65).
42
The Political Context
• In the story, according to the American junior
secretary’s account, Taiwan is the Asian country
with which the States had “the closest ties of
friendship” (p.136).
• Ironically, it was exactly in February, 1972 that
the once anti-communist Richard Nixon paid his
official visits to places like Beijing, Hangzhou,
and Shanghai, and met Mao Zedong. This was
the first step that the States took to abandon its
“closest friend” diplomatically in January
1979.
Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.),
The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
New York : Columbia University Press
43
What does this passage mean?
Following this remark, the children and Ah-gui all began to
eat their apples. The silence of the room was broken by the
crisp sound of apples being bitten into, gingerly, one after
another. As they took their first bites they said nothing,
although they felt that the apples weren’t quite as sweet as they
had imagined; rather, they were a little sour and pulpy, were
reminded of their father’s comment that one apple cost as
much as four catties of rice, and with that the flavor was
enhanced.. When they took their second bites, they spiritedly
bit off big chunks, with the result that the sickroom was filled
with a chorus of loud munching.
Ah-fa, who hadn’t wanted one at first, finally succumbed to
the temptation. “Ah-zhu,” he said ,” hand me one of those.”
(p.156)
44
Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.),
The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
New York : Columbia University Press
The American among the Illegal Shacks
Though the family, in the end, benefited from the car
accident, some parts of the short story reveal how the
American and Taiwanese failed to understand each
other.
For example, when the foreigner was led by the
foreign affairs policeman to the area full of illegal
shacks, the area’s labyrinthine alleys were for him
only “a great place for a game of hide-and-seek”
(p.136). What he did not understand was that those
shacks were a part of the difficult lives of those men
and women, like Jiang Ah-fa and Ah-gui, who could
barely make a humble living on the edge of a city.
Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.),
The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
New York : Columbia University Press
45
Flat Characters – Ah-gui
•
This story is tragicomical in the sense that
Huang used two vivid “flat characters” to tell a
miserable story which might make reader laugh
at the same time. First of all, Ah-gui started to
worry and cry the moment she was notified of the
accident; however, as she entered the black sedan
with an opulent interior, she forgot to cry. Once
she noticed that she should not stop crying, she
gave rein “to her grief with loud wails” (p.144).
Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.),
The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
New York : Columbia University Press
46
Flat Characters – Ah-zhu
•
The second one is Ah-zhu, the eldest child of the
Jiangs. Her response to the accident was completely
different from her that of her mother: she though
she will be definitely adopted out by her mother
this time, for his father could not work to support
the family. Even before this issue was brought up by
her mother, her thoughts concentrated on it
throughout the story and she even told her brother,
Ah-ji, that she would give him the money to pay his
long overdue tuition, which made him both confused
and astonished.
47
The Policeman
• What’s his “function”?
• The foreign affairs policeman and Ah-ji’s
teacher both seem oppressive to their
countrymen. For example, when Colonel Grant
gave the Jiangs twenty thousand dollars, the
policeman asked them to take it without
indecision, and Ah-fa was in fact lucky
because he had been run down by an
American, or he’d “probably still be lying in
the road, covered with a grass mat” (154).
Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.),
The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
New York : Columbia University Press
48
The Teacher
• The homeroom teacher gave Ah-ji a real hard
time: just because he could not pay the tuition on
time, the child was made to stand in the corner in
the classroom as punishment (p.140).
Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.),
The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
New York : Columbia University Press
This also shows, from Ah-ji’s perspective, the
city in the northern Taiwan was no better than
their native rural village down south, where he
had never been punished for this reason.
• Obviously, he shared the same opinion to some
extent with her mother.
49
The Nativist-realist Perspective
• Is it really better off to live in the city than to
live in the country? Almost all Taiwanese
Nativist-realist novelists gave us negative
answers. Just as the case in this story, the Jiangs
went from the country to the city to search for a
better life, though without success. They could
only afford to live in an illegal shack, the parents
could not pay for the tuition, the elder daughter
could not get away from the terror of being sold
to another family, and the accident happened to
the father seemed to be the last straw.
50
Telling vs. Showing
During the early morning hours, as thick layers of clouds
were beginning to send their moisture downward, an
automobile accident occurred at the intersection where the
road from the eastern suburbs enters the city. A dark green
sedan with a foreigner’s license plate crashed into a rickety
old bicycle like a wild animal pouncing on its prey, crushing
it on the other side of the yellow dividing line of the two –
lane highway. A pickaxe was still securely fastened to the
bicycle rack, which protruded from under the car, but the
contents of a lunch box-mainly rice-that had been tied to the
handlebars were scattered all over the street, the solitary
salted egg that had accompanied the rice lying smashed at
the edge of the safety island.(p.135)
Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.),
The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
New York : Columbia University Press
Telling vs. Showing
The rain was coming down harder now,
and the puddle of congealed blood in front
of the sedan was being washed away.
Several foreign and local MPs were busily
trying to determine the circumstances of
the accident.(p.135)
Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.),
The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
New York : Columbia University Press
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http://mag.udn.com/mag/people/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=232382 and the
photograph was published in 1954/01/23.
The copyright of this work has expired because its public release date is over 50
years subject to Article 34 of Taiwan Copyright Act. It belongs to public domain and
is available for public use.
4
This work is from the website “聯合知識庫”
http://mag.udn.com/mag/people/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=232382 and the
photograph was published in 1954/01/23.
The copyright of this work has expired because its public release date is over 50
years subject to Article 34 of Taiwan Copyright Act. It belongs to public domain and
is available for public use.
4
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Education TW” ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and
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6
The US State Department’s
document, top secret…that
the “fall of Taiwan is
anticipated”.
James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989). The Korean war in history (p. 46). Manchester
University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
6
Western military and
diplomatic representatives on
Taiwan in May 1950
expected that Taiwan would
fall “by 15 July 1950”.
James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989). The Korean war in history (p. 46). Manchester
University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
6
The Associated Press
reported at the end of April
1950 that “ the PRC’s
invasion will be in July.
James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989). The Korean war in history (p. 46). Manchester
University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
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At the end of May 1950, the
US Consulate-General in …
“Communist invasion within
the next three months”.
James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989). The Korean war in history(p. 46). Manchester
University Press.
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
7
Dean Acheson, at an
Executive Session of the
US …the early fall of Taiwan
was probably inevitable.
James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989). The Korean war in history(p. 46). Manchester
University Press.
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
10
Domino Theory- On April
7,1954, President … was not
new to U.S. containment
policy.
David L. Anderson (2002). The Columbia guide to the Vietnam War (p.112). New
York : Columbia University Press.
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
29
Life is preordained
Show Foong (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)
The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora
(p. 59). New York : Columbia University Press.
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
30
In recent years, however, his
life and his emotional … the
scenario of his fate can be
ignored.
Show Foong (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)
The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora
(p. 60). New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
31
The afternoon sun is warm.
The white geese …a lone
mallard dashes about among
them-a bizarre picture.
Show Foong (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)
The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora
(p. 61). New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
54
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
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Succeed or die
Show Foong. (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)
The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora
(p. 61). New York : Columbia University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
33
The tattooing itself did not
add to his worth, but its
removal costs a million
dollars. Ha! Everything in
life is preordained.
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan. (p. 63). Hong Kong ;
New York : Oxford University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
33
Wen Tienxiang’s “Song of
Righteousness.
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan. (p. 63). Hong Kong ;
New York : Oxford University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
35
Chinese lives were worthless!
On the battledields of the
Korean …Thrust!-Hey! But
who’s going to use a bayonet?
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan. (p. 64). Hong Kong ;
New York : Oxford University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
36
“Why, no longer ‘ AntiCommunist’?” The
young …just over twenty.
What did this little brat know?
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan. (p. 64-65). Hong Kong ;
New York : Oxford University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
Were you willing then, or
were you coerced?
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan. (p. 66). Hong Kong ;
New York : Oxford University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
37
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Fourteen thousand were
tattooed. Wouldn’t it have
been a shame not to go
along?
Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)
Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan
(p. 66). Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
39
Oddly enough, except for a
momentary confusion,
whenever I thought …mind,
my child would also be five
years old now.
Show Foong. (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)
The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora
(p. 70). New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
40
Everything’s gone, he
suddenly realizes. Gone is
“Kill Zhu and … of a tree. He
feels a little more secure.
Show Foong. (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)
The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora
(p. 70). New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
41
“We’ll talk about staying for
good’ later. I know what I’ll
do …Home of the Honored
Citizens. Don’t forget!”
Show Foong. (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)
The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora
(p. 71). New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
43
In the story, according to the
American junior …which the
States had “the closest ties of
Friendship.
Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples.
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
(p.136)New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
44
Following this remark, the
children and Ah-gui all
began …succumbed to the
temptation. “Ah-zhu,” he
said ,” hand me one of those.”
Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
(p.156)New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
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a great place for a game of
hide-and-seek
Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
(p.136)New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
46
Oddly enough, except for a
momentary confusion,
whenever I thought …mind,
my child would also be five
years old now.
Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
(p.144)New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
48
The foreign affairs policeman
and Ah-ji’s teacher both
seem …“probably still be
lying in the road, covered
with a grass mat”
Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
(p.154)New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
49
The homeroom teacher gave
Ah-ji a real hard time: just
because …child was made to
stand in the corner in the
classroom as punishment .
Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
(p.140)New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
51
During the early morning
hours, as thick layers of
clouds were beginning …rice
lying smashed at the edge of
the safety island.
Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
(p.135)New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
52
The rain was coming down
harder now, and the
puddle …were busily trying
to determine the
circumstances of the accident.
Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples
(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories
(p.135)New York : Columbia University Press
It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:
•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.
57