Transcript OFFICE OF THE STATE FIRE MARSHAL

SAFETY
 2-3.1
Identify dangerous building
conditions created by fire. (3-3.9, 3-3.11)
 2-3.2
Identify the effects of the following
items in a burning building: (3-3.9, 3-3.10, 33.11)
• 2-3.2.1 Heat
• 2-3.2.2 Smoke
• 2-3.2.3 Water
 2-3.3
Identify the term “building collapse”.
(3-3.9, 3-3.11)
 2-3.4
Identify hazards related to
electrical emergencies. (3-3.17)
 2-3.5
List the electrical emergencies
that may be encountered. (3-3.17)
 2-3.6
Identify the proper actions to
take in the case of an electrical
emergency. (3-3.17)
 2-3.7
Identify the function of the following
articles of protective equipment: (3-1.1.2, 3-3.1,
3-3.2)
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2-3.7.1 Helmet (with face shield)
2-3.7.2 Hood
2-3.7.3 Boots
2-3.7.4 Gloves
2-3.7.5 Protective coat
2-3.7.6 Protective trousers
2-3.7.7 PASS device
2-3.7.8 Eye protection
2-3.7.9 SCBA
2-3.7.10 Hearing Protection
 2-3.8
Identify the care, inspection and
maintenance of the protective clothing
and equipment assigned or available for
use. (3-1.1.2, 3-3.1, 3-3.2)
 2-3.9
Identify the limitations of the
protective clothing and equipment
assigned or available for use.
 2-3.10
Identify the types of accidents or
injuries and their causes that occur in the
following locations: (3-1.1.1, 4-11.1.1)
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2-3.10.1 Fireground
2-3.10.2 Responding and returning
2-3.10.3 Training
2-3.10.4 Other on-duty locations (3-3.4, 4-4.2)
2-3.10.5 Non-fire emergencies
 2-3.11
Identify the safety procedures for
ensuring a safe station/facility environment.
(3-1.1.1, 4-1.1.1)
 2-3.12
Identify the potential consequences of
exposure to products of combustion. (3-3.10, 3-3.11)
 2-3.13
Identify the elements of a personnel
accountability system. (3-3.4)
 Objectives
2-3.14 through 2-3.21 shall be
met by the individual department or
authority having jurisdiction, in
accordance with currently accepted
standards and practices, and appropriate
for local equipment and/or procedures.
 2-3.14*
Describe the responsibilities of a fire
department as required by NFPA 1500,
Standard on Fire Department Occupational
Safety and Health Program and adopted by the
authority having jurisdiction. (3-1.1.1)
 2-3.15* Demonstrate the techniques for action
when you are personally trapped or
disoriented in a fire situation or in a hostile
environment. (3-1.1.1)
 2-3.16*
Demonstrate the donning and
doffing of the protective equipment
specified in 2-3.7. (3-1.1.1)
 2-3.17* Demonstrate the use of seat
belts, noise barriers, and other safety
equipment provided for protection while
riding on apparatus.
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2-3.18*
Demonstrate safety procedures when
mounting, dismounting and operating around fire
apparatus. (3-3.16)
2-3.19*
Demonstrate shutting off the utility services
to a building. (3-3.4)
2-3.20*
Demonstrate safety procedures when using
fire service lighting equipment given the following: (33.4)
 2-3.20.1*
Power supply (portable or mounted)
 23.20.2
Lights
 2-3.20.3
Cords
 2-3.20.4
Connectors
 2-3.20.5
Ground-fault interrupter (GFI)
 Demonstrate
the use of an accountability
system at an incident. (3-1.1.1)
 IFSTA, Essentials, 4th ed, Chapter 4
 Delmar, Firefighter’s Handbook, 2000, chapter 5
 Fire
spread
• Combustible furnishings
• Combustible finishes
 Presence
of a heavy fire load
 Large, open spaces which are difficult to
ventilate and/or to stop fire spread
 Weakened
support members
 Water build-up
 Building collapse 2-3.3
• Failure of building’s support members
• Caused by effects of fire or actions of firefighters
• The longer the building burns, the more chance
for collapse
 Heat
2-3.2.1
• Intense heat leads to further combustion
 Smoke
2-3.2.2
• Hinders firefighting efforts
 Water
2-3.2.3
• Moisture content in materials (ex: wood) determines
combustibility of materials
• Adds weight to already fire weakened building
materials.
 Hazards
 Burns
 Electrical shocks
 Electrical
emergencies that may be
encountered.
• Downed power lines
• Contact with electric lines
• Energized equipment
 Notify
the power company
 Do not use solid or straight hose streams when
possible electrical hazards exists
 Let pole top or cross-arm fires burn until power
company arrives
 Exercise caution when using ladders around
electrical hazards
 When possible, avoid parking apparatus under
overhead wires
 Keep
aerial devices at least ten feet from
electric lines
 Let only power company personnel cut lines
 Treat all wires as “live”
 Establish a danger zone of at least one span
around downed power lines.
 Wear full protective clothing when an electrical
hazard exists.
 Helmet
(with face shield)
• Helmet protects head from impact, puncture injuries,
and water
• Face shield provides limited protection from flying
particles or liquids
 Protective
Hood 2-3.7.2
• Protects portions of the face, ears and neck not
covered by helmet or coat from extreme heat
 Boots
2-3.7.3
• Protects the feet from burns, puncture injuries and
crushing blows
 Gloves
• Protects the hands from cuts, wounds, burns and heat
and cold while providing dexterity.
 Protective
Coat and Trousers
• Protects the trunk and limbs from injuries, moisture
and thermal barriers
 Personal
Alert Safety System (PASS)
• Provides protection by emitting a loud shriek if the
firefighter should collapse or remain motionless for a
period of time
 Eye
Protection 2-3.7.8
• Provides protection against flying particles and/or
splashes
• Eye protection, in the form of safety goggles or
safety glasses, should be worn in addition to that
provided by the part of the helmet, when the SCBA
facepiece is not being worn
• Face shields provided as part of a helmet provide
secondary protection only and do not meet NFPA
1500 for eye protection
 SCBA
2-3.7.9
• Provides respiratory protection when in a toxic
atmosphere
 Hearing
Protection 2-3.7.10
• To protect from hearing loss when exposed to
loud working environments
 Must
meet NFPA Standard when equipment was
manufactured
• Helmets
 Inspection
 Check for proper fit and repair or replace
 Check for damage and repair or replace
 Check for adequate separation between outer shell and
suspension web
 Check suspension system for deterioration and replace
 Consult manufacturer if repainting is necessary
 Remove polycarbonate helmets that have come in contact with
hydraulic fluids until it can be determined no damage has
occurred.
• Helmets cont.
 Care
 Remove dirt from outer shell
 Remove chemicals, oils and petroleum products as soon as
possible
 Consult manufacturer for cleaners
• Coats, trousers and hoods
 Inspection
 Check for tears
 Check for debris and remove
• Coats, trousers, and hoods cont.
 Care
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Brush debris off
Hand wash with mild soap and water
Rinse
Air dry
• Boots
 Inspection
 Proper fit
 Deterioration (replace, if necessary)
 Cuts, punctures and worn areas
• Boots
 Care
 Wash oil, grease, etc. from boot
 Store in cool, dry location
• Gloves
 Inspection
 Tears, cuts
 Deterioration
 Care
 Check for tears
 Check for debris and remove
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Match articles of protective clothing and equipment to their correct
functions. Write the correct letters in the blanks.
___1. Protects the face and lungs from heat, toxic smoke, and products
of combustion
___ 2. Protect the feet from burn injuries and puncture wounds
___3. Protect the eyes from flying particles or liquids
___ 4. Protects the head from impact and puncture injuries
___ 5. Protect against cuts, abrasions, and radiant heat burn injuries,
and provide limited protection from corrosive liquids
a.
Helmet
b. Protective coat and trousers
c. Safety shoes or boots
d. Eye protection
e. SCBA
Match articles of protective clothing and equipment to their correct
functions. Write the correct letters in the blanks
___ 6. Protects portions of the firefighter’s face, ears, and neck not covered
by helmet or coat
___ 7. Protects against possible fatal injury or entrapment by signaling when
a firefighter is motionless for approximately 30 seconds
___ 8. Protect hands and wrists from cuts, wounds, or burn injuries
___ 9. Protects ears from loud noises that cannot be avoided
a. Protective hood
b. Gloves
c. Hearing protection
d. P.A.S.S.
 Varies, based
on material and
construction
 General characteristics
• Direct flame contact
• Chemicals
• Comfort
10. All helmets in service today should meet the requirements set forth
in NFPA ___.
a. 1971
b. 1972
c. 1973
d. 1974
11. Which of the following provide secondary eye protection?
a. Goggles
b. Faceshields c. Safety glasses
d. SCBA masks
12. Firefighter A says that three-quarter boots are no longer
permissible according to NFPA 1500.
Firefighter B says that NFPA requires leather cuffs and reinforced knees
on protective trousers.Who is right?
A. Firefighter A B. Firefighter B C. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B
13. In which of the following situations is it not necessary to wear
safety glasses or goggles?
a. Pre-incident exterior survey b. Structural fire attack
c. Vehicle extrication
d. Emergency medical service transport
14. Of how many layers must all protective coats be made according to
NFPA 1971?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
15. What is the purpose of the wide brim on a firefighter’s helmet?
a. Vent smoke away from the firefighter’s eyes and nose
b. Block the sun’s ultraviolet rays
c. Protect the firefighter’s ears and neck from hot water and embers
d. Protect the firefighter from facial burns
16. Firefighter A says that the month and year of manufacture may be
coded on the product label of personal protective equipment.
Firefighter B says that the product label on personal protective
equipment should include the manufacturer’s identification number
or lot number or serial number. Who is right?
A. Firefighter A
B. Firefighter B
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
17. Which of the following is not a specification that should be marked
on the helmet?
A.
Date
B. Country of manufacture
C. Size
D. Composition material
18. What head and face protection is preferred for wildland fire fighting?
A. Lightweight helmet with goggles
C. Structural helmet with faceshield
B. Structural helmet with goggles
D. Lightweight helmet with faceshield
19. What underwear should be worn under brush gear?
A.
socks
B.
socks
C.
socks
D.
socks
60 percent cotton, including short-sleeved T-shirt, and nylon-blend
100 percent cotton, including long-sleeved T-shirt, and nylon-blend
60 percent cotton, including long-sleeved T-shirt, and natural-fiber
100 percent cotton, including long-sleeved T-shirt, and natural-fiber
20. Firefighter A says that earmuffs are the best solution to high noise
levels in a structural fire fighting situation.
Firefighter B says that earplugs interfere with communications and may
melt under intense heat, making them impractical for structural fire
fighting.
Who is right?
A. Firefighter A
B. Firefighter B
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
21. Which of the following fabrics has a low temperature
resistance (can melt or burn during exposure to high
temperatures) and should be avoided for station/work
uniforms?
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A. Polyester
B. Wool
C. Neoprene
D. Cotton
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a. Safety glasses b. Helmet with faceshield 3. Goggles 4. Hood with visor
22. What kind of eye protection should firefighters wear
for protection from flying particles or chemical
splashes?
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23. Firefighter A says that the inner liner of the
protective coat should be worn for cold weather fire
fighting and removed to lighten the coat and provide
more ventilation for warm weather fire fighting.
Firefighter B says that regardless of the season or
temperature, all protective coats must include three
layers: outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal
barrier. Who is right?
a. Firefighter A
b. Firefighter B c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B
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24. Firefighters who wear prescription safety
eyeglasses must select frames and lenses that meet
___.
a. OSHA 221.1 b. NFPA 71 c. ANSI Z87.1 d. IFSTA 44.8
25. According to NFPA 1974, to be puncture resistant,
the protective boot must contain a stainless steel ___
plate about 0.018 inch (0.46 mm) thick.
a. Heel b. Midsole c. Toe
d. Full-sole
26. What statement accurately describes eye injuries?
a. They are uncommon but almost always reported.
b. They are easy to prevent and rarely happen.
c. They can be serious, but most are easy to prevent.
d. They are almost always debilitating and are difficult to prevent.
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27. What standard guidelines apply to boots for
wildland fire fighting in all areas.
a. Wellington-style safety boots with lug or grip-tread soles, 8 to 10 inches high
b. Lace-up or zip-up safety boots with smooth rubber soles, 10 to 12 inches high
c. Lace-up or zip-up safety boots with lug or grip-tread soles, 8 to 10 inches high
d. Wellington-style safety boots with lug or grip-tread soles, 10 to 12 inches high
28. How should protective trousers be constructed?
a. With the same number of layers as protective coats plus an abrasion-resistant
inner shell
b. With the same number of layers as protective coats
c. With the same number of layers as protective coats but without a moisture
barrier
d. With the same number of layers as protective coats but without a thermal
barrier
29. Which component must all helmets have?
a. 3-inch visors
b. Flashlight attachments
c. Velcro® fastener safety straps
d. Ear covers
 Fireground
injuries 2-3.10.1
• Trauma (cuts, broken bones, burns)
• Heat exhaustion
• Chemical exposure
• Cardiovascular
• Causes of injuries on fireground
 Limited information and knowledge
 Underestimating fire potential
 Miscalculating structural integrity of the building
 Disorder
 Confusion
 Chaos at the emergency scene
 Poor physical condition
 Lack of proper training
 Responding
and returning injuries
• Hearing
• Falls
• Slipping
• Being run over by the apparatus
• Being thrown from the apparatus
 Causes
of responding and returning
injuries
• Hearing protection not worn when noise is
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above 90 decibels
Seat belts not worn
Not riding in enclosed area
Attempting to don protective clothing
Not using handrails and steps
 Training 2-3.10.3
• Training injuries
 Same as fireground
 Physical discomfort or illness
• Training injury causes
 Not wearing protective equipment
 Not having an adequate fitness level
 Horseplay
 Equipment Failure
 Other on-duty locations
• Types
 Cuts
 Eye injury
 Falls and slipping
• Causes of other on-duty injuries
 Horseplay
 Not using safety equipment
 Equipment failure
 Non-fire emergencies
• Trauma
• Chemical exposure
• Electrical contact
• Blood borne pathogens
 Causes for non-fire emergencies
• Inappropriate or lack of protective clothing
• Poor concentration on task
 Redesign
tasks to eliminate lifting if possible
 Use proper lifting techniques
 Be aware of unsafe conditions and seek
corrective action
 Eliminate “horseplay”
 Request assistance in performing tasks when
necessary
 Strive for physical fitness
 Be aware of proper disinfecting techniques
 Carbon
monoxide poisoning
 Cardiovascular problems
 Use
• Use permit identification of firefighters working
on the scene. If something happens, all can be
accounted for.
 Components
• Means of identifying individual firefighters
 Tags
 Badges
 Components
cont.
• Specified location of person whose identification
is collected and complied
• List of who is on the fireground and what he/she
is doing
• Procedures for personnel to follow when they
arrive on the scene, depart the scene, or
complete an assignment
 Techniques
for action when you are
trapped or disorientated in a fire or
hostile environment
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Remain calm
Retrace steps
Activate PASS device
Locate hoseline or safety line
Use radio
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Select facts about firefighter safety. Write the correct letters on the blanks.
_____ 1. Which of the following statements regarding firefighter safety is true?
a. Most firefighter injuries are preventable.
b. Firefighters must resign themselves to occupational injuries and fatalities.
c. Professional firefighters should expect to occasionally take unnecessary risks.
d. Firefighters must maintain their image as heroic and fearless in the face of danger.
_____ 2. The basic concept of NFPA 1500 Standard on Fire Department Occupational
Safety and Health Program is to provide ___.
a. The same degree of safety throughout the fire service
b. A maximum national safety standard
c. A standard flexible enough to account for individual status and type of organization
d. A standard that applies only to public fire departments
_____ 3. Which of the following is not a main goal of a good safety program?
a. Prevent human suffering
b. Reduce accidents and exposures
c. Avoid liability suits
d. Prevent damage/loss of equipment
_____ 4. The success of a safety program ___.
a. Begins at the Firefighter I level
b. Is not a top priority for department members who are not regularly on the
fireground
c. Can be measured by instructional methods and training budgets
d. Begins at the top of the chain of command
Select facts about an employee assistance program. Write the correct letters on the blanks.
_____ 5. To whom should an employee assistance program be available?
a. All department members
b. All department members and their families
c. Department members who have been referred to the program by their supervisors
d. Any department member on the scene of an injury or fatality incident
_____ 6. Firefighter A says that critical incident stress debriefing should start before
firefighters enter a scene that is likely to produce emotional stress.
Firefighter B says that firefighters required to work more than one shift under
psychologically stressful conditions should go through a minor debriefing at the end
of each shift.
Who is right?
 a. Firefighter A b.
Firefighter B c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B
 _____ 7. Who should participate in a critical incident stress debriefing?
 a. Firefighters only
 b. Victims and firefighters only
 c. Firefighters and any others who had to deal directly with the victims
 d. Firefighters and their families only
 _____ 8. Because individuals react to and deal with extreme stress in different ways, participation
in critical incident stress debriefing should be ___.
 a. Mandatory
 b. Optional, at the discretion of the individual firefighter
 c. Optional, at the discretion of the individual firefighter and the immediate supervisor
 d. Optional, at the discretion of the fire chief
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Select facts about safety on the apparatus. Write the correct letters on the blanks.
_____ 9. What is the most common danger a firefighter faces?
a. Riding the apparatus
b. Smoke inhalation c. Burns
d. Asphyxiation
_____ 10. Firefighters should wear hearing protection when sirens and noise
levels exceed ___ decibels.
a. 85
b. 90 c. 95 d. 100
_____ 11. Where is the best place for firefighters to ride on the apparatus?
a. In a jump seat with safety bars
b. Standing on the tailboard with a safety tether
c. Seated in a fully enclosed portion of the cab
d. In an open jump seat with a seat belt
_____ 12. When should firefighters use handrails for mounting or dismounting an
apparatus?
a. Always
b. Always, except when dismounting an apparatus where an electrical danger is
present
c. Always, except when mounting an apparatus where an electrical danger is present
d. Always, except when mounting and dismounting an apparatus where an electrical
danger is present
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Select facts about personal safety in the fire station. Write the
correct letters on the blanks.
_____ 13. What is the most expensive type of accident in
terms of worker’s compensation?
a. Vision loss b. Back injury c. Hearing loss d. Head injury
_____ 14. What is the most common injury related to
improper lifting and carrying?
a. Herniated disks
b. Back strains
c. Back sprains
d. Fractured vertebrae
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Select facts about training safety.
_____ 15. How often does NFPA 1500 require personnel who may engage in
structural fire fighting to participate in training?
a. Biweekly b. Monthly c. Bimonthly d. Semiannually
_____ 16. Which rule should be followed during firefighter training?
a. All personnel participating in training should wear full protective gear.
b. Laying hose does not usually require the use of protective gear.
c. Protective gear is necessary only during live fire training activities.
d. Raising ladders does not usually require the use of protective gear.
_____ 17. Trainees with colds or severe headaches should be ___.
a. Watched closely during training.
b. Allowed to continue training at their own discretion.
c. Assigned other duties until they feel better.
d. Given a physical examination to determine their fitness.
_____ 18. What is the best rule regarding horseplay?
a. Allow horseplay only when no live fires are burning at the training site.
b. Encourage horseplay as a means of building camaraderie.
c. Make certain that everyone can see demonstrations and participate in
activities to prevent boredom.
d. Avoid over stimulating students with too many hands-on activities.
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Select facts about emergency scene safety. Write the correct letters on the
blanks.
_____ 19. What should the supervisor do when personnel enter a hazardous
atmosphere?
a. Record time of entry and air pressure in SCBA.
b. Record air pressure in SCBA and check all personal protective equipment.
c. Record time of entry and expected time of exit and check all personal
protective equipment.
d. Record air pressure in SCBA and attach a life safety tether to the SCBA
harness.
_____ 20. Where should friends or relatives of victims be kept at an emergency
scene?
a. Completely away from the scene
b. With the victims
c. Just outside of the cordoned area
d. Away from the actual incident but within the cordoned area
_____ 21. What factors should firefighters take into account when establishing
zone boundaries?
a. Dimensions of zone extension, generally a minimum of 50 yards from the
actual incident
b. Area needed for work, degree of hazard, general topography
c. Number of spectators and degree of hazard
d. Area needed for work, plus at least 75 feet