Transcript Road Design - University of California, Davis

Road Design
Susan Handy
TTP Orientation Seminar
October 2009
Topics
• Network design
• Facility design
Network Design
• What are the two main purposes of
streets/roads/highways?
• What’s the main difference between streets
vs. roads vs. highways?
National Committee on Urban Transportation, 1958
City of Sunnyvale, 1957
ITE Street Layout Principles, 1984
City of Austin, Comprehensive Plan, 1994
Connectivity Measures
Benefits of grid…?
• More direct routes
– Less distance
• Less driving (?)
– Less pollution, energy consumption, noise, etc.
• More walking/biking
– More exercise, less weight, better health, etc.
– Better efficiency
• Emergency response time
• City services
Source: Handy, Paterson, and Butler 2003
Source: Handy, Paterson, and Butler 2003
Source: http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/cul-de-sac.html
Berkeley Diverters
Source: http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/transportation/Bicycling/BB/BicycleBoulevardTreatments.html
Village Homes, Davis
Source: Google Maps
Davis Greenbelt System
Houten, Netherlands
Source: Google Maps
Source: Google Maps
Facility Design
• Responsibility for building:
– City/County: local streets, collectors, arterials
– State: highways, freeways
• Influence on professional practice:
– Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)
– American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
http://www.ite.org/bookstore/RP-011C.pdf
http://www.ite.org/bookstore/RP-011C.pdf
http://www.ite.org/bookstore/RP-011C.pdf
Source: http://www.ashland.or.us/Files/street%20standards_001.pdf
Source: http://www.ashland.or.us/Files/street%20standards_001.pdf
Source: http://www.ashland.or.us/Files/street%20standards_001.pdf
Source: http://www.ashland.or.us/Files/street%20standards_001.pdf
Innovations/Trends
•
•
•
•
•
Traffic Calming
Skinny Streets
“Complete the Streets”
Context-Sensitive Design
Others…
Traffic Calming
Communities Featured in Report
Seattle
Bellevue
Boulder
Dayton
Portland
Eugene
Howard Co.
Montgomery Co.
Charlotte
Gwinnett Co.
Berkeley
San Jose
San Diego
Phoenix
Austin
Ft. Lauderdale
Tallahassee W. Palm Beach
Gainesville
Sarasota
"Traffic calming is the combination of mainly physical measures that
reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behavior and
improve conditions for non-motorized street users."
- ITE Subcommittee on Traffic Calming
Speed Control Measures
Vertical Deflection
Horizontal Deflection
Horizontal
Narrowing
Other Measures
Speed Humps
Traffic Circles
Neckdowns
Examples
Speed Tables
Roundabouts
Center Island
Narrowings
Raised Crosswalks
Chicanes
Chockers
Raised Intersections
Realigned Intersections
Textured Pavements
Speed Lumps *
Speed Cushion *
Split Speed Hump *
Volume Control Measures
Divertive, Restrictive
Other Measures
Full Closures
Examples
Half Closures
Diagonal Diverters
Lateral Shift *
Median Barriers
http://www.trafficcalming.org/measures2.html
Traffic Circles
http://www.trafficcalming.org/measures2.html
Roundabouts
Chicanes
http://www.trafficcalming.org/measures2.html
Neckdowns
Narrow Street Scenarios
28’
24’
52-56’
47-52’
20’
42-48’
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~cpw/projects/pdf/featured/tgm_2003/powerpoints/285,13,Narrow Street Scenarios
Narrow Streets
Canyon Rim Village, Medford
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~cpw/projects/pdf/featured/tgm_2003/powerpoints/366,11,Narrow Streets
Sustainable
Streets
…are rights of way
designed and operated
to create benefits
relating to mobility,
ecology and community
that support a broad
sustainability agenda...
Marcy McInelly, SERA/Urbsworks
Sustainable
Street Design
 Network design:
alignment, sizing,
connectivity
 Allocation of right of way
space
 Component design:
paving, landscape,
lighting, furnishings
 Sub-grade engineering
and design
Marcy McInelly, SERA/Urbsworks
Beyond Street
Design
 Planning, Policy and
Institutional Activities
 Construction
 Operations &
Management
 Maintenance,
Restoration & Repair
Marcy McInelly, SERA/Urbsworks
Pillars of
Sustainable
Streets
Movement
Ecology
Community
Marcy
McInelly,
SERA/Urbsworks
Photo:
Marcy
McInelly,
SERA/Urbsworks
Riverfront Parkway and
Downtown Streets, Chattanooga, TN
Roadway Modifications
Image: City of Chattanooga and River City Company
Riverfront Parkway, Chattanooga, TN
“Before” Conditions
Image: City of Chattanooga and River City Company
Reconstructed Riverfront Parkway
Image: City of Chattanooga
http://www.completestreets.com/early.html
https://bookstore.transportation.org/item_details.aspx?ID=110
“Context-Sensitive Design”
Next up: Pavements