Transcript Mobile IP: Introduction

802.16: Introduction
Reference:
[1] S.J. Vaughan-Nichols, “Achieving Wireless Broadband with WiMax,” IEEE
Computer Vol.37, No.6, PP.10-13, June 2004.
[2] IEEE Std 802.16-2004, “IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
networks--Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
Systems,” Oct. 2004.
[3] N. Liu, X. Li, C. Pei, and B. Yang, “Delay Character of a Novel Architecture
for IEEE 802.16 Systems,” Proceedings of Parallel and Distributed
Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT 2005), PP.293-296,
Dec.2005.
[4] IEEE Std 802.16e-2005, “IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
networks--Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
Systems--Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for
Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands,” Feb. 2006.
[5] C. Cicconetti,L. Lenzini,E. Mingozzi, and C. Eklund, “Qality of service
support in IEEE 802.16 networks,” IEEE Network, Vol.20, No.2, PP-55,
March-April 2006.
802.16 Architecture
2
3
802.16 Architecture(cont.)
Point-to-Multipoint
Mesh
mode
4
802.16 Architecture(cont.)
5
IEEE 802.16 extensions
802.16
802.16a/d
802.16e
Completed
Dec.2001
802.16a: Jan. 2003
802.16d: Oct. 2004
802.16e: Feb. 2006
Spectrum
10 to 66GHz
< 11 GHz
< 6GHz
Channel Conditions
Line-of-sight
only
Non line-of sight
Non line-of-sight
Bit Rate
32 to 134 Mb/s
at 28MHz
channelization
Up to 75 Mb/s at 20MHz
channelization
Up to 15 Mb/s at 5
MHz channelization
Mobility
Fixed
Fixed and Portable
Mobility, regional
Roaming
Typical Cell Radius
1 to 3 miles
3 to 5 miles; Maximum
range 30 miles
1 to 3 miles
6
IEEE Std 802.16 Protocol Layering
7
Service Specific Convergence Sublayer
• Functions
– Provide transformation or
mapping of external network
data into MAC SDU for MAC CPS
– Classify external network data
and associate them to proper
MAC service flow identifier
(SFID) and connection id (CID)
– Payload head suppression
(optional)
• Two convergence sublayer specified
– ATM convergence sublayer
– Packet convergence sublayer
8
MAC Common Part Sublayer
• Functions
– System access
– Bandwidth allocation
– Connection establishment and
maintenance with service flow
• Support point-to multipoint (PMP)
and mesh modes
• Support ARQ scheme
• Dynamic uplink (UL) and downlink
(DL)
• Flexible MAC with various
scheduling schemes for real time,
non-real time and best effort
services
9
Security Sublayer
• Functions
– Authentication
– Secure key exchange
– Encryption
• Two component protocols
– Encapsulation protocol for
dataencryption
– Privacy key management
protocol (PKM)
10
Physical Sublayer
• WirelessMAN-SC PHY
– Single-carrier modulation
– Tangeted for 10-66 GHz frequency band
• WirelessMAN-SCa PHY
– Single-carrier modulation
– Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS
• WirelessMAN-OFDM PHY
– OFDM modulation with a FFT size of 256
– Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS
– AAS and MIMO (also for OFDM-PHY)
• WirelessMAN-OFDMA PHY
–
–
–
–
–
OFDM modulation with scalable FFT sizes
Frequency bands below 11GHz for NLOS
Hybrid-ARQ
Fast-feedback mechanisms
Handover support
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802.16 PHY Introduction
12
802.16 PHY Introduction(cont.)
• Support framing
• Support both Time Division Duplex (TDD) and
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , as well as
half-duplex FDD (H-FDD)
• Burst transmission format which support
adaptive burst profiling
– Transmission parameters, including the modulation
and coding schemes (burst-profiles)
– Downlink Channel Descriptor (DCD) and Uplink
Channel Descriptor (UCD)
– MAC management messages Downlink Map (DL-MAP)
and Uplink Map (UL-MAP)
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802.16 PHY Introduction(cont.)
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802.16 QoS Type
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802.16 QoS Support
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802.16 QoS Support(cont.)
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802.16 Scheduling
PMP (Point-to-Multipoint)
Internet
SS
IEEE 802.16
SS
BS
Centralized Scheduling
Internet
SS_A
Mesh
SS_D
SS_C
Distributed Scheduling
SS_B
BS
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Centralized
Bandwidth request
•
•
MAC frame
BS
Data flow
•
•
SS
MAC frame
MAC frame
SS
A
Congestion at BS
1 SS active per time
slot
Longer route
Serious Delay
B
SS
SS
MAC frame
D
MAC frame
E
MAC frame
SS
SS
I
F
SS
H
MAC frame
SS
G
SS
MAC frame
SS
SS
M
Sender
L
K
SS
J
Receiver
Distributed
Contention for bandwidth
•
Larger signaling cost
BS
Data flow
SS
A
SS
B
SS
SS
D
E
MAC frame
SS
SS
I
SS
H
MAC frame
MAC frame
SS
SS
Sender
L
F
SS
G
SS
MAC frame
M
MAC frame
MAC frame
K
SS
J
Receiver
4
802.16 Mobility Management
Middle Domain and Vertical Handoff
Reference:
[1] J. Y. Hu, and C.-C. Yang, "On the Design of Mobility Management Scheme
for 802.16-based Network Environment," Proceedings of IEEE 62nd
Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-2005 Fall), PP.25-28
Sept. 2005.
Introduction
GR: Gateway Router
(Gateway of CIP or GFA of HMIP)
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Introduction (cont.)
23
Introduction (cont.)
24
Middle-domain Mobility
Management Scheme
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Middle-domain Mobility
Management Scheme (cont.)
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Performance Evaluation
-Quantitative Analysis by Simulation(1)
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Performance Evaluation (cont.)
-Quantitative Analysis by Simulation(2)
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802.16e : Mobile Version of 802.16
Cell Radius: 5KM Non-line-of-sight
Bandwidth: 15Mbps
MH can connect to
the BS directly.
29
Related Work: Traditional Overlay
Networks
Upper Layer Networks : larger coverage, lower bandwidth
Lower Layer Networks: smaller coverage, higher bandwidth
Upper Layer Networks
Lower Layer Networks
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Horizontal & Vertical Handoff
1. Horizontal Handoff
2. Upward Vertical Handoff
2
3
3. Downward Vertical Handoff
1
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Coverage-based Handoff Triggering
Upper Layer Networks :
With larger coverage size
and lower bandwidth
As soon as received the signal from
lower layer, Downward Vertical Handoff
3
C
Out of cell coverage,
Upward Vertical Handoff
B
1
A
2
As soon as received stronger signal strength from
other cell in the same layer, Horizontal Handoff
Lower Layer Networks :
With smaller coverage size
but higher bandwidth
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Handoff Times (Total)
Total handoff (times) .
Handoff Times
250
200
High Speed
150
Medium Speed
100
Low Speed
50
0
Speed-based
Coverage-based
Scheme Type
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Packet Loss (Total)
Total Packet Loss (packet)
Packet Loss
500
400
High speed
300
Medium Speed
200
Low Speed
100
0
Speed-based
Coverage-based
Scheme Type
34
Quality of Service
Framework, Routing, and Scheduling
Reference:
[1] J. Chen, W. Jiao, and H. Wang, “A service flow management strategy for IEEE
802.16 broadband wireless access systems in TDD mode,” Proceedings of IEEE
International Conference on Communications (ICC 2005), Vol. 5, PP. 3422-3426,
May 2005.
[2] J. Chen, W. Jiao, and H. Wang, “An Integrated QoS Control Architecture for
IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Systems,” Proceedings of IEEE Global
Telecommunications Conference (Globecom 2005), Vol. 5, PP. 3330-3335, Nov.Dec. 2005.
[3] C.C. Yang, Y.T. Mai, and L.C. Tsai, “Cross-Layer QoS Support in the IEEE
802.16 Mesh Network,” Proceedings of 2006 Wireless Personal Multimedia
Communications (WPMC 2006), PP.567-571, La Jolla, San Diego, California,
Sept. 2006.
Introduction
• In IEEE 802.16 standard, scheduling
algorithms for uplink and downlink
bandwidth allocation in a single frame are
undefined.
• There is no proposed bandwidth allocation
solution considering uplink and downlink
simultaneously.
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Service Flow Management
DSA: Dynamic Service Addition
DSC: Dynamic Service Change
DSD: Dynamic Service Deletion
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The hierarchical structure of the
BW allocation
DFPQ
1st Layer
1. rtPS > nrtPS> BE
2. Downlink > Uplink
2nd Layer
1. rtPS : EDF
2. nrtPS : WFQ
3. BE : RR
Hierarchical structure of bandwidth allocation
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Simulation Results (1)
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Simulation Results (2)
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Proposed Framework
• System Architecture
• QoS Parameter Extraction
• Centralized Route Selection with QoS
Support
• Flow Setup
• QoS Scheduling
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System Architecture
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network info
QoS route request
BS
Route response &
Flow table construction
node
Network
M
J
Node
QoS type
T (ms)
192.168.1.0/24
A
UGS
5
192.168.3.0/24
A
rtPS
6
A
nrtPS
7
A
BE
9
SS
Frame transmission
A
SS
Estimated system time
B
SS
SS
D
E
SS
SS
I
SS
SS
F
G
H
Flow table
Rtag
SS
Next
hop
Delay
bound
QoS
I
10ms
rtPS
SS
M
2005
Sender
L
flowID
SS
K
192.168.1.3/24
192.168.3.4/23
SS
J
Receiver
Avg. delay and variation by service type with flow data rate 5Mbps
44
Average Throughput
Avg. throughput with flow data rate 5Mbps
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Average Signaling Cost
Gain
Proposed vs. Centralized
-38.11%
Proposed vs. Distributed
-76.95%
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