Transcript Welcome to West Anglia Training

NEBOSH
General Certificate
Managing - the core skills
Planning
Organising
- objectives
- priorities
- action plans
-Responsibilities
-Systems
-- expertise
Controlling
Monitoring
- hazard recognition
- risk assessment
- risk management
- checking use
of control measures
- safe systems etc
Health and Safety Management.
• To manage the safety of people, we should
– Create a health and safety policy
– Carry out risk assessments and re-assess
– Develop a safety plan
– Train to ensure competence
– Monitor performance
– Change policy or the plan as required
Safety
Management
HS G 65
HS G 65 Step 1, Set Your Policy
• Decide and develop your policy which should
– Have three sections (HSW Act s2)
• Statement of intent
• Organisation
• Arrangements
– Steer direction company takes, and influences all
activities
– Set standards
– Becomes the centre for safety management
– Defence for litigation, prosecution and insurance
claims
HS G 65 Step 2 Organise Your Staff
• To make effective policy, involve staff, gain commitment
• The four ‘C’s help in developing a positive culture
– ‘Competence’
• Recruitment, training, advice and support
– ‘Control’
• Delegate responsibility, secure commitment,
provide instruction and effective supervision
– ‘Co-operation’
• Between individuals, groups of employers,
employees, contractors, temps etc
– ‘Communication’
• By written, spoken and visible actions
HS G 65 Step 3 Plan & Set Standards
•
Develop a plan
– How to eliminate or control significant risks
– How legislation is to be implemented
– H & S targets with managers and supervisors
– Purchase and supply policy etc
– Defining tasks, processes, equipment, product design
and services
– Safe systems of work
– Procedures for serious and imminent danger
– Co-operation with contractors / neighbours
– Standards setting to measure performance by
HS G 65 Step 4 Monitor Performance
• Just like finance, production or sales, you need to
monitor / measure performance to find if you are
successful, you need to know
– Where you are
– Where you want to be
– What is the difference - and why
• Two types of monitoring systems
– Active
• Before things go wrong
– Reactive
• After things have gone wrong
HS G 65 Step 5, Audit and Review
• We need to learn from our experiences
• Monitoring provides information to review activities, and
decide how to improve performance
• Audits can tell how reliable and effective your systems
are
• Reviewing policy needs to consider
– Compliance with performance standards
– Where standards maybe absent or inadequate
– Compliance with legislation
– Achievement of stated objectives within given time
scales i.e. Injury, illness and incident data
– Immediate or underlying causes, trends and common
features
• What gets measured, gets done
Management Tools,
to Assist in Developing
and
Maintaining a
Safe Working Environment
Safety Inspections.
• A health and safety inspection is
– To go to a workplace, identify the hazards, and
assess whether they are being adequately
controlled
– Can be, safety adviser, manager, supervisor
safety rep’, or any combination (can be a team)
– Should have an inspection sheet, with actions
responsibilities and completion deadlines etc
– Should have management involvement, authority
– Should have a system for recording, and filing
– Must be competent
Safety Tours
• Short informal Inspections
• Need check sheet / recording
• Can be used by management and safety advisors as a
monitoring method
• Managers and supervisor should implement each day
Health and Safety Audit
• A health and safety audit is a comprehensive analysis
of a companies health and safety systems, they seek
to confirm :
– Does the company have a health and safety
system of management ?
– Is the system adequate for their needs ?
– Do they use the systems in place ?
– Have the objectives been achieved ?
– Justification for a future strategy ?
• Carried out by independent person
• Considers : policy, plans, procedures
Legislation compliance, SS of W, etc
Safe System of Work?
• A safe system of work is
– A formal procedure which results from a systematic
examination of a task in order to identify all the
hazards
• It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are
eliminated or risks minimised
Key Elements of a Safe System
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Plan in advance of the work
Not routine operator instructions
Consider the people - experience etc
Account for ‘familiarity breeding contempt’
Establish the system
– Written instruction
– Training
– Supervision (monitoring)
Safety Analysis (JSA)
• Analyse the task
– Identify the hazards
– Assess the risks
– Plan the system
Job Safety Analysis
Syndicate
• Consider a car driver with a puncture !
• List all the steps you need to take to change the tyre?
• Consider at each step
– What the hazards are ?
– The adverse effects that could occur ?
– Any control method ?
Step
Description
Hazards
Effects
Control Methods
Permit to Work
• A formal document controlled system applied to high risk
activities
– Maintenance on machinery
– Working on live electric
– Entry into confined spaces
– Excavation with buried services
– Hot work near flammables
– Work on or near overhead cranes
Permits to Work
• Permits should contain
– Date, start / stop time, method of work, precautions,
people, signatures to authorise work to start ,and to
confirm work is complete, also for agreement to carry
the work out in that way
• Permits should ideally not go beyond 8 Hr or a Shift
• If work is not complete Start a new permit
• Breach of a permit should be a disciplinary offence
Communications
Legal Requirements
• HSW ACT
– Employers Duties
• Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs
– Information for employees
• Safety Reps and Committees Regs
• Consultation with Employees Regs
• Safety Signs Regs
• CHIP
• PUWER, COSHH…etc
Cycle of
Communication
Presenter + Aim
Feedback i.e.
Action
… or not !
Interpretation
depending on
experience,
attitudes etc
Language
barriers
Format i.e.
written, said
Understanding of
receiver
Remember
communication
involves listening
as well as talking
!!
Group Work
• What methods do you use to communicate health and
safety in your company ?
– What could prevent good communication (barriers)
– How could you overcome those barriers
Barriers to Communication
‘Sender and Receiver’
• Sender
– Unclear
– Irrelevant detail
– Too much little info
– Poor quality info
– Inaccuracy
– Vague, ambiguous
terms used
– Wrong style
– Wrong language,
jargon
– Complexity of the
message
• Receiver
– Physical defecthearing / speech
– Language difficulties
– Lack of knowledge
– Lack of training
– Lack of experience
– Illiteracy
– Lack of feed back
– Attitude
Barriers to Communication
• The Place
– Size
– Equipment
– Facilities
– Lighting
– Glare from sun etc
– Noise
– Comfort of seating
– Temperature
– Distractions
Methods of Communication
• Formal
– Safety policy
– Reports
– Inspectors letter /
notice
– Registered / official
forms
– Safety meeting reports
– Notices on notice
board
– Statistics, signs
– Memos, training
• Informal
– Verbal
– Telephone
– Rumour / grapevine
– Custom and practice
– Body language
People Remember
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10% of what they read
20% of what they hear
30% of what they see
50% of what they see and hear
70% of what they say in conversation
90% of what they say as they do a thing
Choosing The Medium
• We have to consider
– Personal or impersonal
– Cost
– Is feedback necessary (person or action)
– Will the message get through
– Accuracy and speed
– Permanent record required
– Credibility of source
Internal / External Sources of Health
and Safety Information
Internal
– Risk assessments
– Committees /
representatives
– Accident records
– Inspections
– Audits
– Policies
– Inspectors reports
External
– HSE
– HMSO
– IOSH / ROSPA
– Local safety groups
– Suppliers /
manufacturers
– Libraries / data banks
– Standards
– Internet
Group Work
• Why may verbal instructions not be clearly understood ?
Or
• Why employees may fail to comply with safety
instructions ?
Misunderstanding and NonCompliance
• Could Be Because
– Unrealistic or ill conceived procedures or instructions
– Mental / physical capabilities not taken account
– Poor safety culture / complacency / lack of motivation
– Peer pressure / other priorities / pressures
– Risks not perceived
– Environment ie. Noise
– Fatigue and stress
– Lack of consultation or commitment
Communications Questions
• Outline the sources of information that could be
consulted when developing a Safe System of Work (8)
• Outline the various methods of communicating health
and safety information to the workforce
(8)
• Outline the reasons that may prevent a verbal instruction
being clearly understood by an employee
(8)
• Outline the various ways in which a Safety Policy
Document could be communicated to the workforce (8)
Training
Essential Elements of Training
• The Trainer
– Experience
– Knowledge
– Knowledge of limitations i.e. knowing what you don’t
know
• Training method
• Venue
• Date
• Duration
• Cost
Induction Training
• First day
– Fire precautions, first aid
– Workplace, colleagues
– Canteen, toilets etc
• First week
– Hazards, risks & precautions
– Emergency procedures, limitations
– Key people
• First 6 months and onwards
– Detailed safe systems of work
– Changes, refresher
Training Needs Analysis
• Stage 1
– Analyse the job content by JSA
• Stage 2
– Identify the knowledge, skills and experience required
• Stage 3
– Assess individual competence
• Stage 2 & 3 = training need
Forms of Training
• Interactive
• Computer based
• Visual
– ‘a picture paints a thousand words’
• Practical
• On site where possible
• Tailored to the organisations’ systems
• Tailored case studies, audit results etc
• Use team leaders / safety representatives to train
Aims and Objectives
• Aim - journey's end
– e.g. Aim to train employees in the correct use of
hearing protection
• Objective – what delegates should be able to achieve
– Understand how the ear can be damaged by noise
– Explain why hearing protection is necessary
– Recognise the areas where hearing protection must
be worn
– Use proper procedure for obtaining hearing protection
– Inspect ear muffs for damage
– Maintain the equipment
Group Work
Outline factors to be considered when planning and
preparing a health and safety training session
Planning
Preparation
Practice
Planning
Planning
Preparation
Practice
• Topic
– Make it interesting ?
– Keep to the point ?
– Ensure it can be clearly understood ?
– Tailor it to the audience ?
– Ensure it be presented in the time available ?
– Ensure it will achieve what you set out to achieve ?
• People
• Place
• Time
Preparation
• Preparation
– Training material
– Venue
Practice
• Practice !!
– Welcome and Introduction
– Talk
– Timing
– Ending
Typical Training Questions
• Outline the main h & s topics to be included in an
induction training programme for new employees (8)
• Outline how health and safety training needs can be
identified (8)
• Outline the events that may create a need for additional
health and safety training within an organisation
(8)
• Outline the factors to be considered when preparing and
presenting a health and safety training session
(8)
• Explain why induction training is important in the
prevention of accidents
(8)
• Outline the issues that should be included in a training
programme for employees on the emergency action to
take in the event of a fire
(8)
Consultation
Safety Representatives and
Safety Committees
Regulations 1977
Safety Representatives and Safety
Committees Regulations 1977
 Appointed by a recognised trade
union
 2 years service or experience in
similar employment
 Name of the representative and
group represented notified to the
employer in writing
 Appointment ceases on notification
by the union or when employment
ceases
The Duties of Safety Representatives
• Take reasonable practicable steps to keep themselves
informed of
– Health and safety legislation
– Their workplace hazards and precautions
– Safety policy and arrangements
• Encourage co-operation between their employer /
employees in promoting and developing improvements
in health and safety
• Report to their employer the effectiveness of health and
safety measures and any unsafe or unhealthy working
practices
• The 'duties' do not imply legal responsibility
Representatives Are Entitled To:
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Inspect the workplace for hazards
Investigate complaints about health / safety
Make representation to their employer
Consult with and receive information from HSE
inspectors (or other enforcing authority)
Inspect documents / be provided with information
Attend meetings of safety committees
Undertake training
Reasonable facilities
2 or more can ask (in writing) for a safety committee
Safety
Committees
Aims of a Safety Committee
• To
– Keep under review the measures taken to ensure the
health and safety at work of employees
– Consultation
– Communication
– Recommending options to the company
Objectives / Terms of Reference
of a Safety Committee
• Committees should identify their own objectives and
terms of reference, these might include
– Review accident / disease statistics
– Examine safety inspection / audit reports
– Consider special reports
– Assist in developing procedures etc
– Monitor the extent of safety content in employee
training
– Monitor and improve safety communication and
publicity
– Provide a link with enforcing authority
What Makes a Committee Effective?
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Right number and mix of members
Adequate authority to consider recommendations
Knowledge and expertise
Good communications
– Management / committee
– Committee / employees
Suitable level formality, agenda, minutes, chairman
Access to specialist advice
Commitment
Frequency
Health and Safety
(Consultation with
Employees )
Regulations
Health and Safety (Consultation With
Employees ) Regulations
• Employers are required to consult with employees on
matters that affect their health and safety
• The Regulations describe
– What you must consult employees about
– How you chose to consult employees
• Directly, or
• Through elected representatives
– Guidance about how to carry out elections etc
Consultation with Employees Regs
• Information
• Functions
– Report to their employer the effectiveness of health
and safety measures and any unsafe or unhealthy
working practices
– Represent employees in consultation with the HSE /
EHO
• Training, time off and facilities
• Civil liability
What Must Employees Be Consulted
About ?
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Introduction of any measure
Arrangements for appointments of competent persons
Any health and safety information required
Planning and organising H&S training
New technologies
Information & Consultation
H&S
Information
Consultation
 Preventative and protective
 Introduction of any measure
measures to ensure safety
 Arrangements for
 Identity of “competent
appointment of competent
person”
person
 Risks from risk assessment
 Health and safety
 Procedures in event of
information required
emergency
 Planning and organising
 Risks from another
 H&S training
employer’s undertaking
 New technologies
Knowing What - MH&SWR
Planning How- H&SCER
Safety Representatives and Representatives
of Employees Safety
Definition
Appointment
safety representative
by recognised trade union
representative of
employee safety
by group of employees
Functions
to be consulted, and to make representation on
potential hazards and dangerous occurrences and
general H&S matters & consultations with H&S
inspectors
•
- investigate hazards,
accidents & complaints
- to carry out inspections
- receive information from
inspectors
- to attend appropriate
safety committees
- no additional
functions
Typical Safety Reps and Safety
Committees Questions
• a) Explain the circumstances under which an employer
must form a Health and Safety committee
(2)
b) Give reasons why a Health and Safety Committee
may be ineffective
(6)
• Outline the functions of a safety representative as stated
in the Safety Committees Regulations 1977
(8)
• With regards to the Safety Representatives and Safety
Committee Regulations 1977
– Explain the occasions when a safety representative is
legally entitled to inspect the workplace
(6)
– Describe the facilities that an employer may need to
provide to safety representatives
(2)