INTRODUCTION TO AQUATIC ECOLOGY

Water on Earth

Uneven Global Distribution of Fresh Water

Definitions by Wetzel (2001) see page 4 • Limnology • Freshwater Ecology • Freshwater Biology

Theories of Ecology Taken from Dodds (2009) • • • Cross-Cutting Theories – Hierarchical Structure of Life – Ecological Stoichiometry – Ecological Diffusion Physiological Ecology – Metabolic Scaling Populations – Population Biology – Metapopulations

Ecological Theories Continued • • Communities – Community Structure – Island Biogeography Ecosystems – Control of Ecosystem Energetics – Nutrient Cycling – Nutrient Spiraling and Solute Transport – River Continuum

Rise of Aquatic Ecology in Europe • • •

Francois-Alphonse Forel (1841-1912) Worked on biology, chemistry, circulation, and sedimentation of Lake Geneva (published 1892-1904) Coined Limnology, the study of lakes Explained density currents and seiches

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August Thienemann (1882-1960) German Limnologist, Zoologist, Ecologist Biology of the Chironomidae

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Einar Naumann (1891-1934) Swedish Botanist Established Limnological Field Station at Lund Defined concepts of oligotrophy, eutrophy, and dystrophy With Thienemann, established first international limnological society

• • • Rise of Aquatic Ecology in US

Stephen Forbes (1844-1930) First chief of Illinois Natural History Survey First to study aquatic ecosystems The Lake as a Microcosm (1887)

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Jacob Reighard (1861-1942) University of Michigan In charge of Michigan Fish Commission Then, director of biological survey of the Great Lakes

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Edward Birge (1851-1950) University of Wisconsin-Madison Together with Juday pioneered methods for the study of lakes and streams Together they did much work on plankton

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Chancey Juday (1871-1944) University of Wisconsin-Madison, hired by Birge to study Lake Mendota A founder of Limnological Society of America Birge Juday

G. Evelyn Hutchison (1903-1991) • • • •

A Treatise on Limnology

Vol 1: Geography, Physics and Chemistry (1957) Vol 2: Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton (1967) Vol 3: Limnological Botany (1975) Vol 4: The Zoobenthos (1993)