Transcript Diapositiva 1

2005 NACF Meeting
AGC – CCA - CMIC
September, 2005.
1
Associations Overview
2
Associations Overview
Mexican Chamber of the Construction Industry
 It is a public interest, autonomous institution with its own legal
personality and resources, which was created to represent the
construction industry’s general interests and to comply with the
Business Chambers and Confederations Law.
 It has nation-wide jurisdiction.
 It has 43 delegations, which confer its National characteristic.
Delegations
 Institutions whose legal personality and resources are conformed as
one.
 They represent the Chamber within a territorial distric, in which it
exerts its action in state and municipal matters.
 They are in charge of offering the services to affiliates.
3
Associations Overview
Tijuana
Baja Cal.
Sonora
Noroeste - NO
Northwest
Baja Cal. Sur
Sinaloa
Middle West
43 Delegations
Ciudad Juarez
Chihuahua
Durango
Zacatecas
Comarca Lagunera
Saltillo
Coahuila
San Luis Potosi
Nuevo Leon Northeast
Queretaro
Hidalgo
Cd. Victoria
Quintana Roo
Tamaulipas
Yucatan
Poza Rica
Campeche
Veracruz
Xalapa
Coatzacoalcos
Tabasco
Center of Country
Nayarit
Aguascalientes
Jalisco
Colima
Michoacan
Guanajuato
Guerrero
Edo. de Mexico
Mexico City
Morelos
Oaxaca
Tlaxcala Puebla
Chiapas
South Southeast
nation-wide
8 thousand affiliates
4
Associations Overview
Normativity
Business Chambers and Confederations Law
Bylaws
Ethics Code
Chamber Objectives
To represent, protect and promote the general interests of the
construction industrialists.
To serve as a State’s advisory and collaborative body.
To perform all the activities established in the Business Chambers
Law.
5
Associations Overview
Construction Industry
Training Institute
TRAINING AND
PRACTICE FOR
THE INTEGRATED
DEVELOPMENT OF
THE
CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
EMPLOYEES
Technological Institute
of Construction
PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION OF HUMAN
RESOURCES FOR
CONSTRUCTION
The Construction Industry
Foundation
APPLIED RESEARCH
AND
TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENT FOR
THE INCREASE OF
PRODUCTIVITY
6
Associations Overview
Governing Bodies
 General Assembly
 Board of Directors
 Executive Commission
 Chairman of the Board of Directors
 Delegational Executive Committees
 General Direction
7
President
Ing. Netzahualcóyotl Salvatierra López
Secretary
Ing. Tomás Enrique
Flores Rangel
Treasurer
Ing. Oscar Fosado
Monsalvo
Hydrocarbons Sector
Ing. Luis Puig Lara
Electricity Sector
Ing. Eric Moreno Mejía
Housing and Urban
Development Sector
Ing. Jorge Diez de
Bonilla Rico
Communications and
Transportation Sector
Ing. Fernando Pérez
Holder
Tourism Sector
Ing. Roberto Calvet
Roquero
Industry and Commerce
Sector
Lic. Jorge Espina Reyes
Health, Security and
Justice Sector
Ing. Héctor Garza Ancira
Water and Environment
Sector
Ing. Antonio Casillas
Gutiérrez
Education and Culture
Sector
Arq. Eli Elfego Pérez
Matos
Institutions
Arq. Daniel R. Gámez Nieto
Financing
Ing. Humberto Armenta González
Normativity
Lic. Manuel García García
8
Economic Background
9
Economic Scenario
U.S., Canada and Mexico’s Population and GDP, 2005
Population
(million people)
Total
United States
Canada
Mexico
1
435
296
33
106
1
GDP
(billion dollars)
14,196
12,376
1,070
750
Information as of the 2nd quarter.
Source: INEGI and Oxford Economic Forecasting.
Mexican Economy Strengths:
• 2.8% growth in the 1st. semester and 3% expected
at year’s closure, based on:
 Healthy public finances: 0.5% GDP surplus as of
June, the goal at year’s closure is a 0.1% deficit.
 Manageable foreign debt: it reduced from 12.2%
of GDP in 2000 to 8.9% in June this year (66.1
thousand million dollars).
10
Economic Scenario
 The highest international reserves in history: 60
billion dollars in June.
 Oil price higher than expected: 51 dls./barrel in
August vs 27 dls. projected. Part of the surplus is
allocated to infrastructure works in the
provinces.
 The flow of family remittances continues: 9
billion dollars as of June, 2005, 18% more than
in 2004.
 Exchange rate estimation: 10.83 pesos per dollar
in August, at the end of 2004 it was 11.15.
 The Country’s risk has remained at low levels,
below 200 points.
11
Economic Scenario
The construction industry:
• Has shown a progressive growth, from a 2.1% growth
in 2002 to 5.3% in 2004. An increase of 4% is
expected by the end of 2005.
• 3% growth as of the first quarter, 2005.
• It is one of the main drivers of the Mexican economy.
• Housing is the leading sector: 640 thousand housing
credits and subsidies will be granted this year, with a
13.1 million dollar investment, 3.9% more than in
2004.
• Investments in hydrocarbons (11.5 billion dollars),
electricity (4.6 billion dollars) and highways (2.5
billion dollars) are also outstanding.
• Greater public investment in the provinces due to the
extraordinary oil revenues.
12
Economic Scenario
• Public-private
alliances
are
multiplying
the
infrastructure investment:
Highway concessions:
a)-In operation, the Matehuala bypass road (142
km and a 35 million dollar investment);
-Under construction, the Mexicali bypass road (41
km and 60 million dollars) and the Tepic-Villa
Union Highway (224 km and 221 million dollars);
-To be initiated, the Amozoc-Perote (122.5 km
and 174 million dollars) and the MoreliaSalamanca (83 km and 81 million dollars)
Highways;
-Under bidding process, the Mexico City North
bypass road (219 km and 522 million dollars) and
the San Luis Rio Colorado International Bridge.
b) 22 projects next to be opened for bidding for the
concession of more than 700 km, with a total
investment of 2.5 billion dollars.
13
Economic Scenario
 Projects for Service Rendering:
 Roads: forthcoming initiation
of the
Irapuato-La Piedad section (74 km and 83
million dollars). Additionally, there are 7
projects next to be opened for bidding for
the operation of 438 km, with a total
investment of 1.4 billion dollars.
 The High Specialty Hospital of the Bajio
Region
[Hospital
Regional
de
Alta
Especialidad del Bajio], with 184 beds, is
currently in bidding process.
 The bidding process for the San Luis Potosi
Polytechnic University is currently under
preparation.
14
Political Background
15
Political Background
• The presidential candidates of each political party
will be defined this year, in order to begin the
political campaigns process.
• On July 6th, 2006, the presidential elections and
the elections for Federal Deputies and Senators
will take place.
• The elected President
December 1st, 2006.
will
take
office
on
16
Political Scenario
Change in the political forces:
• The PRI has maintained its political presence,
ruling 17 of the 32 federal entities of the Country,
and it is also the political party that leads the
greatest number of municipalities .
Political filiation of the Federal Entities and
Municipalities of Mexico, 2005
(percentages)
Concept
Total
PRI
PAN
PRD
Coalitions
1
Other
Federal
Entities
100.0
53.1
21.9
18.8
6.3
0.0
Municipalities
100.0
26.8
20.9
11.8
8.9
31.5
Population
per Federal
Entity
100.0
57.1
19.7
21.8
1.4
0.0
Source: Web Directory of the Mexican Government and the National Institute for
Federalism and Municipal Development (INAFED).
1
Includes municipalities ruled by the PVEM, PT, Municipal Councils, Independent
candidates in the federal entities and by usages and customs.
17
Political Scenario
• Even though PRI holds the majority in the
legislative power, it does not reach the minimum
required for the approval of the proposed laws
(2/3), and therefore, it has to seek agreements
with other parties .
Political filiation of the federal legislators in Mexico,
2005
Concept
Total
PRI
PAN
PRD
PVEM
1
Other
Votes required (66.6%)
Deputies
494
218
149
97
17
13
329
%
Senators
100.0
128
44.1
58
30.2
47
19.6
16
3.4
5
2.6
2
85
%
100.0
45.3
36.7
12.5
3.9
1.6
Source: Chamber of Deputies of the Congress and Senate of the Republic.
1
Includes legislators from Convergencia and PT parties and legislators who have no specific policital filiation.
18
Political Scenario
2006 Elections:
The political parties are in the process of selecting
their candidates; there is no glimpse yet of a
candidate with a high popular support.
• The PRI’s adversary will be the search for credibility
from the population, as well as the conciliation of
the internal conflicts.
• The PAN’s adversary will be the voters themselves,
who did not perceive the party as the real change.
• PRD’s adversaries will be abstention from voting,
the expenditure in promotion and image and the
emergence of new leftist options.
• For the first time, the 4.3 million Mexicans in the
United States will be able to vote, which may be
important for the presidential elections, since they
represent 6.3% of the electoral census in Mexico
(68.4 million).
19
Accomplishments and Priorities
20
Accomplishments and Priorities
Priorities
 To maximize the securing capacity of constructors affiliated
to CMIC, according to their sales, administration and work
production capacity.
 To develop and promote mechanisms to link economic
resources to infrastructure needs, through the work of the
National Financing Commission.
 Financing for Public Work Contracts (public work advance
payments and public work preestimation factoring).
 Productive
factoring).
chains
(work
advancement
estimation
21
 Coordinate, guide, promote and foment strategies and actions
between the public and private sector, for the integrated
development of the infrastructure required in the Country.
National Infrastructure Council
Round Tables
• Normativity
• Financing
• Budget
• Public-Private Alliances
• Competitiveness
• Global Markets
• Environmental Infrastructure
• Energy Infrastructure
• Communications and Transportation
• Regional Development
22
National Infrastructure Council
Mesoregional Infrastructure Council
The regional nature of some projects (more than one
federal entity) makes the coordination between the
local governments and the participation of the
federal government necessary.
23
National Infrastructure Council
Mesoregional Infrastructure Council
State Infrastructure Council
With the purpose of coordinating, guiding, promoting and
fostering strategies and actions between the public and
private sectors for the integrated development of the
infrastructure required in the state and municipalities.
24
SECRETARIA DE LA
FUNCION PUBLICA
SFP
 To establish guidelines regulating the allocation of biddings in a
more equitable manner.
BIDDING BASES
“CRITERION”
ECONOMIC
TECHNIQUE
PROPOSAL SOLVENCY
= EVALUATION
PRICE
=
AWARD
QUALITY
FINANCING
OPPORTUNITY
NATIONAL CONTENT
ECONOMICALLY MORE
ADVANTAGEOUS TO THE STATE
25
SECRETARIA DE LA
FUNCION PUBLICA
SFP
 To assure the mechanisms and procedures allowing the
completion of the infrastructure projects promoted by the federal
government in terms of transparency, equity and legal certainty, so
they are completed timely and in the due form.
AGREEMENT BETWEEN CMIC AND THE PUBLIC FUNCTION
DEPARTMENT FOR SAID PURPOSE
The strategic entities that execute the most important governmental
public works concur in the agreement.
26
SECRETARIA DE LA
FUNCION PUBLICA
SFP
 To collaborate in the transparency and fight against corruption
practices within contracting processes.
AGREEMENT BETWEEN CMIC, THE PUBLIC FUNCTION
DEPARTMENT AND THE FEDERAL ROADS AND BRIDGES
AGENCY
PARTICIPATION IN THE BIDDING BASES OF IMPORTANT
PROJECTS PREPARED BY PEMEX
 To promote training, validation and certification among companies
in this sector.
THERE ARE INTEGRAL PROGRAMS CONSIDERING TRAINING
COURSES, DIPLOMA COURSES, VALIDATION AND
CERTIFICATION OF COMPANIES BY SPECIALTY, CURRENTLY
IN HOUSING AND TOURISM
27
Labor / Labour Topics
28
Migration and Labor Policy
Mexicans in the United States:
• The estimated number of Mexican-origin people
living in the United States is 26.6 million.
The number of people born in Mexico who live in
the United States equals 9.9 million.
o 54% entered between 1990 and 2002.
o Only 22% have the U.S. citizenship.
o 69% are in working ages, i.e., 6.8 million
people.
o Construction and the primary sector draw
17% and 4.4% of the working population,
respectively.
29
Migration and Labor Policy
Temporary migration:
• Around 437 thousand mexicans in average cross
the border each year as temporary immigrants
who later go back to their communities of origin.
Of these, 79% work without authorization.
• The temporary immigrants flow decreased from
464 thousand during 1993-1997 to 437 thousand
in 2001-2003.
• Between 2001-2003, the average stay of
temporary immigrants in the U.S. increased to 12.2
months, in contrast with 5.5 months during 19931997.
30
Migration and Labor Policy
The migration policy of the Mexican Government with
the U.S.:
• The Mexican Government seeks:
o To allow the safe, suitable, legal and orderly
displacement and residence of Mexicans.
oA
negotiation
with
the
United
States,
considering migration as a shared responsibility.
• The September 11, 2001 attacks have limited the
advancement of the migration agreement.
31
Migration and Labor Policy
• The U.S. migration agenda considers the following:
o The
migratory regularization of around 3.5
million indocumented immigrants.
o A temporary workers program allowing the
authorized access of Mexicans to productive
regions and sectors of the U.S.
o The strengthening of border security aimed to
prevent the death of immigrants and illegal
people trade.
32
Job Safety
33
Federal Government
Energy
Department
Labor and Social
Security
Department
Federal Labor Law
TRAINING
The Construction Industry
Training Institute
34
BACKGROUND
Petroleos Mexicanos is one of the companies of greatest
interest due to the continuous improvement of the productive
processes of its organization and the respect for the
communities and the ecological setting where it operates; in
addition, one of its priorities is the Industrial Safety and
Environmental Protection in its facilities and for the personnel
working in them.
35
Consolidation of contracting companies workers safety
through training
Due to the fact that the
contractors’ personnel in
Pemex Gas represented
40% of the total population
in 1998, Pemex Gas
suggested as strategy the
training in industrial safety
and environmental
protection through CMICICIC.
On November 18th, 1998,
an Agreement was
undersigned with CMICICIC for the training of the
contractors’ personnel in
THE GOAL IS
O
CER
Incidents
industrial safety and
environmental protection.
36
OBJECTIVE OF THE
PEMEX-CMIC-ICIC AGREEMENT
To assist constructor companies in fulfilling
Pemex requirements regarding Safety and
Environmental Protection, thus contributing to the
prevention of accidents in its facilities and to the
maintenance of safe works.
37
Operation Strategy
To assure that the construction activities performed by
Contracting Companies are executed according to PEMEX’s
safety and environmental protection standards, and that their
performance in this area equals that of world class
companies in the construction sector.
By means of:
Training
Incorporation of Industrial
Safety and Environmental
Protection requirements in
contracts.
7
38
PEMEX GAS AND
BASIC
PETROCHEMISTRY
PEMEX
EXPLORATION
AND PRODUCTION
PEMEX
REFINING
PEMEX
PETROCHEMISTRY
39
PEMEX-ICIC
Training Strategy
Development and implementation of training programs in
Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection for medium level
and operating personnel in companies that develop construction
and maintenance projects in Petroleos Mexicanos subsidiaries.
40
FIRST
STAGE
 Training in Industrial Safety and Environmental
Protection for supervisors
SECOND
STAGE
 Training
THIRD
STAGE
 Training in Industrial Safety and
in Industrial Safety and
Environmental Protection for operating levels
Environmental Protection by occupation
41
PEMEX-CMIC-ICIC
Agreement Actions
Technical and didactic training for instructors.
Sensitization lectures.
Seminars on Industrial Safety and
Environmental Protection.
Training is carried out in PEMEX-ICIC class rooms located
within the parastatal company facilities.
42
PEMEX-CMIC-ICIC
Agreement Actions
Design of didactic materials for
Training
Design of the PEMEX - ICIC
Training Certificate
43
PEMEX CMIC-ICIC AGREEMENT
RESULTS FROM 1998 TO JUNE 2005
Seminars
Courses
No. of
Events
No. of People
Man-Hours
Trained
5
1, 647
1, 480
26, 292
17,760
264,833
Employees from 644 companies have
received the training courses
44
Environmental Aspects
RULING LAWS AND REGULATIONS
FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENTS
45
RULING LAWS AND REGULATIONS
FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENTS
•In terms of environmental regulations, basic terms are
defined in the Constitution of Mexico in it’s 4th article:
“Every person has the right for an appropiate environment in
order to find prosperity.”
• Articlr 27 underlines that “The property of land and water
inside the national territory belongs to the nation, having by
that the right to regulate the use of the natural resources,
assure it’s conservation, preserve and restore the ecological
equilibrium, in order to achieve an equilibrate development of
the country.”
• There is also the General Law of Ecological Equilibrium and
the Protection of the Environment (LGEEPA) as well as the
Official Mexican Rulings (NOM’S). Their goal si to preserve
and restore the ecological equilibrium.
46
•In order to obtain authorization to develop a tourism resort,
an evaluation of the environmental impact needs to be done,
as it is defined in article 28 of the General Law of Ecological
Equilibrium and Environment Protection :
“The Environmental Impact Evaluation is the procedure
through wich the Ministry of Environment and Natural
Resources (SEMARNAT) establishes the conditions for
construction and activities that might cause unstable
ecosystems or avoid the limits and conditions establish in
the appropiate laws to protect the environment and preserve
the ecosystems, in order to reduce to the minimum the
negative effects on the environment....”
 Project should be developed according to local urban plans
and the federal ecological ruling, declarations of indangered
species and other laws that might apply.
47
 The official laws that have more impact on Tourism
developments are:
 NOM-022-SEMARNAT-2003,
Establishes
the
specifications to preserve and watch the ustaintability
of the coast zones with mangrove.
 NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001, Protects the native
mexican species of silvester flora and fauna at risk.
 PROY-NOM-140-SEMARNAT-2005, Establishes the
general environmental requirements to develop golf
courses and resorts that include them.
48
 Tourism is an activity that can increase the value of
local ecosystems, and integrates the people to the
town, city or municipality development, wich is more
important
during
the
transition
from
rural
municipalities to urban developments.
 It’s an economic activity that might sustain the
environmental conditions and who’s responsability
belongs to the nation.
 Environmental legislation in a major component in
any tourism develpment in Mexico, essencial to
prevent future damages, and to prepare how to deal
with problems.
49
CONSTRUCTION INPUTS
AVAILABILITY AND PRICES
50
Creation of Employments in Construction
The construction industry generates directly more than 4 million
remunerated occupations, which represents 12% of the total national
occupied personnel amounting to more than 33 million, besides of
generating more than 1.5 million direct employments in sectors related
to this industry, which represent 5% of the national total.
Iron and steel, Cement, Transportation, oil and oil derivatives, financial
services, structural metallic products, professional services, wood and
cork products, glass and glass products, machinery and electric
devices, plastic products, basic chemistry, restaurants and hotels are
among the main sectors in which indirect employments are generated.
51
Import and Export of Construction Materials
According
to
the
Foreign
Trade
Bank
(BANCOMEXT), from January to November, 2004,
the construction materials and ironwork imports
amounted to 4.6 billion dollars (including the
manufacturing [maquila] of products made with raw
materials from the country of origin, for example,
tools and machinery).
Imports
The 3 main concepts imported were hand tools,
various valves and their parts, as well as screws,
nuts and iron or steel bolts.
Regarding the origin of imports, more than 72%
come from the United States, 3.8% from Germany,
3.4% from China, 3.2% from Spain and 3.0% from
Japan.
52
According to BANCOMEXT, from January to
November, 2004, the construction materials and
ironwork exports amounted to 5.9 billion dollars
(including maquila), a figure 24.5% higher than that
in 2003.
Exports
The three main concepts exported were wrench
valves and common metal, iron or manufactured
steel parts in various forms, as well as marble and
cut stones.
The destination of exports was as follows: more
than 90% to the United States, around 2% to
Canada and around 1% to Guatemala and 0.5% to
Germany.
Commercial
Balance
This yields a positive balance for Mexico in
construction materials, of 1.3 billion dollars during
2004.
53
Comparative Increase in Construction Materials
Cumulative Increase of Prices to Reinforcement Steel Producers
90%
U.S. (Hot rolled
steel bars,
plates, and
structural
shapes)
80%
70%
MEX.(Reinforce
ment steel,
bars)
60%
CAN (Bars, hot
rolled, steel)
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
2004
Sources: Producer price indexes with services from the Bank of Mexico
Bereau of Labor Statistics U.S.
Statistics Canada
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
2005
54
Cumulative Increase of Prices to Cement Producers
20%
U.S.
(Cement)
18%
16%
MEX.(Ce
ment
Portland)
14%
12%
CAN
Cement,
portland
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
-2%
J
F M A M J
2004
J
A S O N D J
Sources: Producer price indexes with services from the Bank of Mexico
Bereau of Labor Statistics U.S.
Statistics Canada
F M A M J
2005
J
55
Cumulative Increase of Prices to Cement Producers
20%
U.S.
(Cement)
18%
16%
MEX.(Ce
ment
Portland)
14%
12%
CAN
Cement,
portland
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
-2%
J F M A M J
J A S O N D J
2004
Sources: Producer price indexes with services from the Bank of Mexico
Bereau of Labor Statistics U.S.
Statistics Canada
F M A M J
J
2005
56
Cumulative Increase of Prices to Iron and Steel Tube Producers
90.00%
U.S.
(Iron/steel
pipe & tube
mfg from
purch steel)
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
MEX. (Iron
and steel
tubes)
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
CAN
(Mechanical
steel tubing)
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
-10.00%
J
F
M A M J
2004
J
A
S
O
N D
Sources: Producer price indexes with services from the Bank of Mexico
Bereau of Labor Statistics U.S.
Statistics Canada
J
F
M A M
2005
J
J
57
Cumulative Increase of Prices to Aluminium Plate Producers
16%
U.S.
(Aluminum
sheet, plate
& foil mfg)
14%
12%
MEX.(Alumi
nium plate)
10%
8%
CAN
(Aluminum:
structural
shapes,
extrusions
and
forgings)
6%
4%
2%
0%
-2%
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
2004
Sources: Producer price indexes with services from the Bank of Mexico
Bereau of Labor Statistics U.S.
Statistics Canada
D
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
2005
58
Parametric costs of different types of buildings
Mexico 1
Type of building
Canada 2
$/ft2
Type of building
United States 3
$/ft2
Type of building
$/ft2
Socilal interest, multifamiliar
building, total area: 21,434 ft2
20.83
Apartments, Low Rise of
20,000 ft2 gross
67.66
Apartments, Low Rise of
20,000 ft2
50.45
Mid-level, multifamiliar building,
total area: de 52,724 ft2
32.32
Apartments, Mid Rise of
50,000 ft2 gross
85.55
Apartments, Mid Rise of
50,000 ft2 gross
63.67
Mid-level office building, total
area: de 38,000 ft2
25.50
Offices, Mid Rise of 100,000
ft2 gross
96.65
Offices, Mid Rise of
100,000 ft2 gross
72.56
Primary School, total area:
24,370 ft2
25.63
Schools, Elementary of
30,000 ft2 gross
65.38
Schools, Elementary of
30,000 ft2 gross
77.89
Costs are per square feet and at direct cost, and therefore, they do not include indirect costs, utility, project costs
or the value of land.
The type of materials, such as construction materials, are different in each country, and costs may vary
depending on the particular features of each project.
Sources: 1.- Instituto Mexicano del Precio Unitario [Mexican Institute for Unit Prices, with approximate costs in Mexico City in US dollars.
2.- RS Means with average costs in the city of Toronto, in Canadian dollars
3.- RS Means with average costs in Texas, in US dollars
59
Parametric costs structure in Mexico
Social interest, multifamiliar
building, total area: 21,434 ft2
Area or element
Mid-level, multifamiliar
building, total area: 52,724 ft2
%
Area or element
%
Foundation for 4 levels
12.3
Foundation for 11 levels
7.4
Concrete structure for 4
levels
40.5
Concrete structure for
11 levels
Front
6.5
Deck roof
Mid-level office building, total
area: 38,000 ft2
Area or element
Primary school, total area:
24,370 ft2
%
Area or element
%
Foundation for 12 levels
8.8
Reinforced foundation
for 3 levels
11.8
35.1
Concrete structure for 12
levels
43.8
Concrete structure for
3 levels
26.7
Front
6.3
Front
3.2
Front and external roof
12.7
3.4
Deck roof
0.8
Back facade
2.0
Deck roof
3.4
Inner construction
19.7
Inner construction
21.6
Deck roof
0.9
Inner construction for
class rooms
23.6
Water and plumbing,
gas
6.8
Inner construction for
parking
0.8
Construcción Interior
1.4
Inner construction for
auditorium
5.1
Full bathroom
2.6
Water and plumbing,
gas
3.8
Inner construction for
receiving room
3.0
Water and plumbing,
gas
5.5
Wiring
8.2
Full bathroom
2.2
Water and plumbing
5.6
General bathroom
1.3
4 m integral kitchen
5.2
Shared bathroom
1.4
Private bathroom
0.9
Wiring
5.8
Wiring
11.1
Wiring
9.0
Wiring for parking
0.4
8 passenger elevator
18.7
8 passenger elevator
10.6
Source: Instituto Mexicano del Precio Unitario [Mexican Institute for Unit Prices]
60
Parametric costs specifications in Mexico
Social interest, multifamiliar
building, total area: 21,434
ft2
Foundation based on dies,
footing, auxiliary beams and
15 cm reinforced concrete
slabs.
Reinforced concrete column
and beams’ structure, 10 cm
slabs.
Mid-level, multifamiliar
building, total area: 52,724
ft2
Foundation made of isolated
footings, continuous footings,
auxiliary beams and
perimetrical walls made of
reinforced concrete and 15 cm
reinforced concrete slabs.
Structure made of columns
and reinforced concrete
reticular slabs.
Mid-level office building,
total area 38,000 ft2
Foundation made of
continuous footings, auxiliary
beams and perimetrical walls
made of reinforced concrete
and 15 cm reinforced concrete
slabs.
Structure made of columns
and reinforced concrete
reticular slabs.
Primary school, total area:
24,370 ft2
Foundation made of
continuous footings, dies,
auxiliary beams and
perimetrical walls made of
reinforced concrete and 15 cm
reinforced concrete slabs.
Structure made of columns
and reinforced concrete
reticular slabs.
Tubular iron screens with 3
mm glass
Anodized aluminium screens
with 4 mm glass
Integral-type main facade of
anodized aluminium, with
clear 6 mm glass
Integral-type main facade of
anodized aluminium, with
clear 6 mm glass
Tile floor and inner and inner
plaster smooth up with vinyl
paint
Clay tile floors and medium
quality carpeting, inner plaster
smooth up in walls and soffits,
vinyl paint covering and
medium quality tapestries
Finishings in office areas not
included
Terrazo floors, apparent
glazing brick walls
Low quality finishings
Carpentry work with pine
wood
Intercommunication system
Integral kitchen
Source: Instituto Mexicano del Precio Unitario [Mexican Institute for Unit Prices]
61
Research and Innovation
62
The Mexican Construction Industry has made important contributions in
areas such as:
The research by the UNAM Engineering Institute, regarding the solution of
maritime, pluvial and seismic problems, through mathematical and physics
models.
Maritime Engineering. In the construction of ports, where the advancement
in physical models for the construction of rock fills and breakwaters stands
out.
Hydraulic Engineering. In the construction of dams, such as “El Cajon”
dam, which is currently under construction in Nayarit.
Seismic Engineering. The mathematical models that allow to revise the
structures and design them according to the different earthquake intensities.
Application of construction processes, as in the construction of “Puente
Chiapas” bridge, where marine platforms’ engineering procedures were
adapted for the first time to the construction of bridges.
63
Work Information
E l C a j o n Dam
(Example of innovations)
 The construction of “El Cajon” dam
represents
one
of
the
greatest
achievements of the Mexican engineering.
 It is located in the state of Nayarit, at a
distance of 47 kilometers from the city of
Tepic.
 It will have a core wall with a height of 186
meters, making it the most important in
the Country. The core wall is rock filled
with concrete face, and is one of the
highest core walls of its type world-wide.
10.9 million m3 of rock will be used.
 Work duration: 54 months, it will be
completed in 2007
 Cost: $810 Million USD
 Generation capacity: 750MW
64
El Cajon Dam
(Example of innovations)
The contributions of “El Cajon” dam to dam engineering and
hydraulic works are the following relevant aspects:
 Access was provided through the 43 kilometer road in 9 months.
Diversion tunnels with built up rugosity were built, which duplicate
reliability in only 9 months.
 The enginehouse was excavated in 9 months. The world practice in the
design of this type of dams was innovated, with the inclusion of transition
zones.
 Materials are being placed in the core wall with an average of 500,000
m3, and it is estimated that 800,000 m3 will be achieved monthly.
65
Work Information
 Located in the reservoir of the
Netzahualcoyotl dam, in the state of
Chiapas.
Chiapas Bridge
(Example of innovations)
 This work is part of the Mexico-Tuxtla
Gutierrez highway.
 Work duration: 60 months.
 Cost: $ 1,684 Million pesos.
 The bridge is solved by means of a
metallic
structure,
both
in
its
substructure and superstructure, and its
length is 1,208 m, with a roadway width
of 10 m.
 The substructure consists of an
abutment of reinforced concrete and
seven “Jacket”-type bearings, which are
built with tubes with an external
diameter of 2.78 m.
66
Chiapas Bridge
(Example of innovations)
In this work, innovative procedures were used, such as:
 The superstructure pushing, which allowed to free 168 m spans
five times, which meant a new world record for pushed bridges.
 Use of procedures that had never been used before in Mexico
and the world, which are a combination of off shore engineering
for marine platforms adapted to the construction of bridges.
67