Transcript Immigrants and Precarious Employment, Public Outreach Project

Immigrants and Precarious
Employment,
Public Outreach Project
Overview of Data
Meeting with Partners
Sept. 26, 2008
Outline/Agenda
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Concept maps
Measuring precarious work
IPW over time
Unpacking IPW over time
Relationship between selected variables
and IPW (for current job)
Concept Map: Differential Social Inclusion
Government Policy
Immigration Status
Social Networks
Racialization and racism
Ethnic-racial identity
Employment:
Precarious?
Civic
Social Inclusion
Engagement
volunteering
Social
Citizenship
use of services
Neighbourhood
Transnational
Commitments
Family
Household
Human Capital
Socioeconomic Status
Pre-migration
& Canada
Income
Gender
Language/
Accent
Time in Canada
Concept Map: Immigrants
Precarious Work
Pre-migration (T1)
Pre-Migration
Work
Strategies
Resources &
Obligations
Networks
Early Settlement (T2)
Class, education,
social capital,
language
Early Work
Household composition,
TN obligations
1 Stable Job (T3)
Personal
Networks
Current (T4)
Current
Work
Institutionally
Mediated Networks
Education; Civic
Engagement;
Volunteering
Precarious Work
• Multi-dimensional
• Primary indicators - work based, terms of
employment
• Secondary indicators, health
Dimensions of Precarious Employment
• Primary Indicators from literature
– Terms of employment (contract/subcontracting, not
permanent, PT, tied to one employer, temp. agency)
– Self employment (“consultant,” small family business)
– Stability, predictability (know schedule?)
– Location of work (stable, shifting)
– Form of payment (cash, check)
– Basis for pay (salary, hourly, piece work)
– Unionization
– Benefits/coverage
• Secondary indicators
• Dangerous, health impacts?
• Opportunities for advancement?
Our Index of Precarious Work
(IPW)
• 4 points in time:
– Pre-migration
– First year - early settlement
– First stable job
• Possible that FSJ = Job1
– Current job (job 1, job 2, job 3)
First Stable Job and Current Job
IPW - 7 Variables
• Contract type (all except long term renewable
& union)
• Work arrangement (not self-employed [small
N] or ft/pt for employer)
• How found job (temp agency)
• Place of work (R’s home/employer's home)
• Basis for pay (for job/contract or piece work)
• Form of payment (cash)
• Schedule (changes by day/wk/mth)
Early Work Experience
IPW - 7 Variables
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Paid in cash (all or some of the time)
Temporary, short term contract (yes)
Temp agency (yes)
Day labour (yes)
Piece work (yes)
Full time worker fixed hours (NO)
Plan schedule week in advance
(sometimes or never)
Pre Migration
IPW - 5 Variables
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Union (no)
Self-employed (yes)
Opportunities for advancement (no)
Could not support myself/family
(agree/strongly agree)
• Could not find a job in my field
(agree/strongly agree)
IPW Distributions
Count
Distributions of IPW
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Pre
Early
FSJ
Time
Curr 1
6
7
Current Job 1 IPW Distribution
Current Job 1
120
Count
100
0
1
80
2
60
3
40
4
5
20
0
Male
Female
1 English
2 Spanish
By Gender and Origin
Total
IPW Means
Pre-migration IPW
IPW over time, total sample
IPW over time, by region
IPW over time: gender and region subgroups
Unpacking the IPW over time
• Do the components of the IPW vary over
time?
Composition of IPW over time - stacked
Composition of IPW over time - overall
Immigrants & Precarious Work
• Precarious in early work experience
• Improves in FSJ, mixed outcomes for
current job
• Origin differences sharper than by gender
• High precariousness for Caribbean men in
early work
• Question: how important are terms of
employment for precarious lives?
Age and IPW - current job
Occupation
IPW - occupation & gender
Occupations over time
What happens to pre-migration
professionals over time?
HH Income by IPW (Current Job1)
Income
14
2 $10,000 to less than
$20,000
3 $20,000 to less than
$30,000
12
4 $30,000 to less than
$40,000
10
Count
1 Less than $10,000
5 $40,000 to less than
$50,000
8
6 $50,000 to less than
$60,000
6
7 $60,000 to less than
$80,000
4
8 $80,000 to less than
$100,000
2
9 $100,000 to less than
$125,000
0
0
1
2
3
IPW
4
5
10 $125,000 to less than
$150,000
11 $150,000 to less than
$200,000
12 More than $200,000
Income - IPW means
< 10,000 (N=23)
10- 19,999 (N=62)
20- 29,999 (N=59)
30- 39,999 (N=55)
40- 49,999 (N=34)
50- 59,999 (N=13)
60- 79,999 (N=16)
80-100,999 (N= 2)
10-125,999 (N= 1)
> 125,000 (N= 2)
Total (N=267)
Caribbean
1.87
1.57
1.24
1.29
0.90
1.45
1.58
1.50
1.0
4.0
1.37
LA
1.26
1.25
1.20
1.00
1.00
0.50
1.75
4.0
1.18
Total
1.46
1.38
1.22
1.12
0.97
1.30
1.62
1.50
1.00
4.0
1.28
PW: strategies = resources
and obligations + networks
• Resources and Obligations:
– Education, entrance status, language
– Household composition, TN family, remittances
• Personal & Institutional Networks:
– Personal networks on arrival, over time
– Institutional contact, advice, social service agencies
• Strategies: mobilization of resources & networks
– Education, credential recognition, volunteering and
similar efforts in Canada
Strategies • In what follows we present exploratory
analysis regarding strategies. Note that
work following the outline in slide 32 is
underway.
Strategy: education, training
Strategies: education by origin
Vwork - IPW by # hours
Strategy: Vwork
Caribbean LA
Told Vwork would help with 1.30
1.70
immigration application
Neighborhood /community 1.05
1.71
assoc
Sports assoc
1.20
1.66
Union (* low N)
1.16
2.20
Congregation
1.53
1.48
Total
1.47
1.22
1.29
1.39
1.51
Next steps…
• Continue analysis
• Compare to census data (Ornstein report,
Gender and Work Database)
• Explore links with TIEDE project
Next steps - today
• Community working group
– Breakout groups to define audiences, media,
content, process
• Policy working group
– Define priority issues, policies, campaigns
and timeline
The rest of the presentation is
under construction…