3.8 Slopes of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
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Transcript 3.8 Slopes of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
3.8 Slopes of Parallel
and Perpendicular
Lines
SOL G3b
Objectives: TSW …
• Relate slope to perpendicular and parallel lines.
• Applying slope to verify and determine whether lines
are parallel or perpendicular
• Write equations of lines that are perpendicular or
parallel to each other.
Key Concepts:
Slopes of Parallel Lines
If two nonvertical lines are parallel,
then their slopes are equal.
If the slope of two distinct nonvertical
lines are equal, then the lines are
parallel.
Any two vertical lines or horizontal
lines are parallel.
Example 1:
Check for parallel lines.
Are lines l1 and l2 parallel? Explain?
y y 5 4
9
3
l1 m
x x
1 2 3
2
1
2
1
3 4
7
y y
l2 m
x x 3 1 2
2
1
2
1
Since the two slopes are not equal
7
Then the lines are not parallel
3
2
Example 2:
Check for parallel lines.
Are lines l3 contains A(-13, 6) and B(-1, 2). Line l4
contains C(3, 6) and D(6, 7). Are l3 and l4 parallel?
Explain?
4 1
y y
26
l3 m
3
x x 1 13 12
2
1
2
1
76 1
y y
l4 m
63 3
x x
2
1
2
1
Since the two slopes are not equal
1 1
Then the lines are not parallel
3 3
Writing Equations of Parallel
Lines
Identify the slope of the given line.
Since the lines are parallel; the
slopes are the same (equal)
You know a point and the slope for
the new line. Use point-slope form to
write the equation.
Example 3:
Writing Equations of Parallel Lines
What is an equation of the line parallel to
y = -3x – 5 that contains point (-1, 8)?
m = -3
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Point-slope form
y – 8 = -3(x – (-1)) Substitute -3 for m, 8
for y1 and -1 for x1
y – 8 = -3(x + 1)
Example 4:
Writing Equations of Parallel Lines
What is an equation of the line parallel to
y = -x – 7 that contains point (-5, 3)?
m = -1
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 3 = - (x – (-5))
y – 3 = -(x + 5)
Point-slope form
Substitute -1 for m, 3
for y1 and -5 for x1
Key Concepts:
Slopes of Perpendicular Lines
If two nonvertical lines are
perpendicular, then the product of
their slopes is -1. (negative
reciprocals)
If the slopes of two lines have a
product of -1, then the lines are
perpendicular.
Any horizontal line and vertical line
are perpendicular.
Example 5:
Check for parallel lines.
Lines l1 and l2 are neither horizontal nor vertical?
Are they perpendicular? Explain?
y y 4 2 6 3
l1 m
2
0 4
x x
4
2
1
2
1
y y 3 3 6 2
l2 m
x x 4 5 9 3
2
1
2
1
Since the product of the two slopes
3 2
* 1
2 3
Equal -1 then the lines are perpendicular
Example 6:
Check for perpendicular lines.
Are lines l3 contains A(2, 7) and B(3, -1). Line l4
contains C(-2, 6) and D(8, 7). Are l3 and l4
parallel? Explain?
4
73
y y
l3 m
2 1 3
x x
2
1
2
1
76
1
y y
l4 m
x x 8 2 10
2
1
2
1
Since the product of the two slopes do not equal -1
4 1 4
*
3 10 30
Then the lines are not perpendicular
Writing Equations of
Perpendicular Lines
Identify the slope of the given line.
Recall perpendicular have a product
of -1. Negative Reciprocals.
You know a point and the slope for
the new line. Use point-slope form to
write the equation.
Example 7:
Writing Equations of Perpendicular Lines
What is an equation of the line perpendicular to
1
y = x – 5 that contains point (15, -4)?
5
m = -5
Negative reciprocal
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – (-4) = -5(x – 15)
y + 4 = -5(x - 15)
Point-slope form
Substitute -5 for m, -4
for y1 and 15 for x1
Example 8:
Writing Equations of Perpendicular Lines
What is an equation of the line perpendicular to y = -3x – 5
that contains point (-3, 7)?
1
m=
Negative reciprocal
3
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Point-slope form
1
y – 7 = (x – (-3))
3
1
y - 7 = (x + 3)
3
1
Substitute
for m,
3
7 for y1 and -3 for x1
HW: pg 201 – 203
# 7 – 21 odd, 27, 29, 41