NGAARIKI WHAKAPAPA

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Transcript NGAARIKI WHAKAPAPA

The beginning The ancestors
Flames – Te Aahi Kaa
-Top flame is Maungahaumia
- Lower flame is Herehereuma (Areoma)
Awa - Mangatu
Urukokomuka
The people
NGĀARIKI KAIPUTAHI
History and Whakapapa
Copyright © 2005
Ngariki Kaiputahi Whanau Trust
NgāAriki Kaiputahi Research Staff and Volunteers:
Barbara Lloyd, Hallet Biddle, Raiha Goldsmith, Frank Tuapawa, Wally Biddle, Lovey
Lloyd, Tracy Lloyd, Sam Taylor, Julie O’Donnell, Ronald Tamanui, John Tamanui, Ernest
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Whitehead© 2005
Ngariki Kaiputahi Whanau Trust
NGĀARIKI KAIPUTAHI
• Origins of NgāAriki
• Tangata Whenua
• 91 Generations
• The Line of Descent
• NgāAriki + Te Māori
• Rawiri Tamanui
• The Fourteen Tipuna
• The Whanau
• A History
• Waitangi Tribunal Report 2004
• Waiata - Ka Tu Au
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Ngariki Kaiputahi Whanau Trust
THE LORDS – NGĀARIKI OR
THE LITTLE ONES - NGARIKI
• The Ariki were of the original first peoples (Tangata Whenua) of Aotearoa, New
Zealand, before the Maori of the seven waka
• The Tangata Whenua were known under various names: Turehu, Moriori, Ariki, Te
Hapu Oneone, Panenehu
• The NgāAriki were spread across the north west areas of Taranaki, Opotiki,
Whakatane and northern Poverty Bay – Tairawhiti
• There is documented at least three groups of NgāAriki in New Zealand – NgāAriki
Kaiputahi, Ngāariki Po, Ngāariki Rotoawe
• In relatively modern times (over the last thousand years), they have not all been
directly related to each other, but share the older common ancestry back in the
mists of time to the four Ariki: Ariki Nui, Ariki Roa, Ariki Matua, Ariki Tahito
• NgāAriki Kaiputahi are the last major tribal descendents of the original Tangata
Whenua NgāAriki’s
• NgaAriki Kaiputahi are the last tribe to retain the honour of the name
• NGĀARIKI Kaiputahi were never known as NGARIKI Kaiputahi until colonisation
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REFERENCES TO NGĀARIKI
Nga Moteatea iii,
Page 76, 1931
Sir Apirana Ngata and P. Te Hurinui
219. A Lullaby
(Nga-ariki, Tai-rawhiti or East Coast)
By Mumura
• An ancient tribe on the banks of the Waipaoa river in Turanga-nui, in the locality of Manga-tu
• Through fighting some dispersed but some retained ahi kaa of Mangatu
• Many tribes who were called by the name of Nga-ariki
• One branch who originally came from Maia of Manga-ia and the islands of Rarotonga
• But this section (Mumura’s mokopuna – NgāAriki Kaiputahi) did not associate themselves with
the others (Maia’s mokopuna – NgāAriki Rotoawe, Po)
Whakatohea of Opotiki,
Chapter 3, Ngariki, Pg 12
By A.C. Lyall
• The Ngā-ariki - ancestors of Whakatohea
• Ngariki lineage recorded as dewlling around Ohiwa at Opotiki, Tunapahore (Hawai) and Poverty Bay
• A people of Hawaiki – their canoe being Pakihikura
• Ngā-ariki were a clan of Te Hapu Oneone “a tribe of the original Polynesian peoples of these isles.”
• Ngariki at Ohiwa were a division of the Poverty Bay tribe (Ngāriki-ki-kai-putahi)
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TANGATA WHENUA
Nga Tangata Whenua
Migrations
Seven Waka
Endeavour
Ariki, Moriori, Turehu
People
Toi te Ariki
Te Maori
Te Hapu Oneone, Panenehu,
Maia
Hine Titama
Hawaiiki
Places
Easter Island
Tahiti
Rawiri Tamanui
Puhinga
Cook
Hobson
Wharekauri Mangaia
Rarotonga
Aotearoa
Te Tiriti o Waitangi
Notable Events
Colonisation
Tangata Whenua Absorbtion
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Maori Decline
Revival
91 GENERATIONS OF TOI
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
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27.
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29.
30.
31.
32.
ARIKI
ARIKINUI
ARIKIROA
ARIKIMATUA
ARIKITAHITO
TIKI-AU-HA
KAPIRI
KAWAKAHIKA
KAWATUPUA
KAHIKO-REI-HOUIA
TE ATANUI
TE ARAMAURIA-E-TANENUI-A-RANGI-KI-TE-RANGI
TE-RA-I-RANGI
TE HAU
TE NUU
NGARU-NGA-MOANA
TE IO RANGI
TE HAIKI-MOKU
NUMUNANGI
HORUA-O-KA-MOKU
NENE-PAPU-A-RANGI
TE-REI-KUA-HIKINA
TERE-MOANA
TE-AO-APAAPA
TANE-HOA-RANGI
TE RANGI
TINI-RAUMANO
ARIKI-TOHIA
KAOKAO-O-TE-RANGI
HAWAIIROA (57 BC ?)
OAHU
KUNUAKEA
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
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44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
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51.
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65.
TE-MINA
66.
TE-RIKU
67.
RAUEHU
68.
PAPA-TU-A-NUKU
69.
TANENUI-A-RANGI
70.
HINE-AHU-ONE
71.
HINE-AHU-RANGI
72.
HINE-TITAMA
73.
HINE-MANUHIRI
74.
TE-POHATU
75.
KAHU-KURA-NUI
76.
HINE-KAPUA-RANGI
77.
HINE-RA-WHARANGI
78.
HINE-TAUIRA
79.
TE AOTU
80.
TE AOHORE
81.
TAHITO KURUMARANGI
82.
TE AOTANUAITU
83.
TE AOKENA
84.
MOURIURI
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MOREKAREKA
86.
MAHI-KUPAE (1005 AD)
87.
MOHI-KI-AU-IRA (1025 AD)
88.
WHIRO TE TIPUA (1045 AD)
89.
TAWAKEWAKE (1065 AD)
90.
TOI-TE-ARIKI – (1085 AD)
91.
RUARANGI – (1105 AD)
RAURU – (1125 AD)
WHATONGA – (1145 AD)
APAAPARANGI – (1165 AD)
RONGOMAI – (1185 AD)
KAHUKURA-ARIKI – (1205 AD)
TUPAI-KI-TE-HAWAIIKI – (1225 AD)
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PORI – (1245 AD)
MATORO – (1265 AD)
UENUKU RAKEIORA – (1285 AD)
RUATAPU – (1305 AD)
TE HOKA-O-TE-RANGI – (1325 AD)
MOTATAU-MAITAWHITI – (1355 AD)
TE ATUA-RERE-TAHI – (1375 AD)
TE WHIWHINGA-O-TE-RANGI – (1377 AD)
PUHINGA - (1397 AD)
IHINGARO - (1492 AD)
MARUTAIAROA - (1447 AD)
PUATAHI - (1472 AD)
MUMURA - (1497 AD)
WARUHANGA - (1522 AD)
TAKITINI - (1547 AD)
RUANEKE - (1572 AD)
MANUHIRI - (1597 AD)
PIRANGOTAHI - (1622 AD)
NUKUPAWHERO - (1647 AD)
RIRIWHARE - (1672 AD)
RANGIPA - (1692 AD)
WHAWHATI - (1717 AD)
WHAWHAI - (1742 AD)
TAIA - (1767 AD)
RAWIRI TAMANUI – (1797 AD)
PERA TE-UATUKU – (1810 AD)
NGĀ ARIKI + TE MAORI
Ariki Nui
Ariki Roa
Ariki Matua
Ariki Tahito
Marutaiaroa
The Ariki
Toi-te-Ariki
Tangata Whenua
Maia
(Sailed from Mangaia
on Te Ika nui a Rauru)
Puatahi
Waimamaku
Te Rangianiwaniwa
Ngamaka
Ihingaro
Whakatungau
Rakihore
Ngati Maru
Te Ariroa
NgāAriki
Kaiputahi
Marutaiaroa
Puatahi
Rawiri Tamanui
NgāAriki Kaiputahi
• Ngariki Rotoawe
• Ngariki Po
Assimilated into
Mahaki
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Te Whanau
A Kai
Hineteao
Hinetaiaka
THE LINE OF DESCENT
Ariki Nui
Ariki Roa
Ariki Matua
Ariki Tahito
Source: Nga Moteatea iii, Page 76
Henare Ruru & Gudgeon
Puhinga - (1397 AD)
Ihingaro - (1492 AD)
Maru-tai-roa - (1447 AD)
Pua-tahi - (1472 AD)
Mumura - (1497 AD)
Te Waruhanga - (1522 AD)
Takitini - (1547 AD)
Rua-neke - (1572 AD)
Manuera - (1597 AD)
Pirangotahi - (1622 AD)
Nuku-pāwhero - (1647 AD)
Riri-whare - (1672 AD)
Rangipā - (1692 AD)
Whāwhati - (1717 AD)
Whawhai - (1742 AD)
Taia - (1767 AD)
Rāwiri Tamanui - (1797 AD)
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RĀWIRI TAMANUI MOKOPUNA
Rāwiri Tamanui
Pera Te Uatuku
Heni Matekino
Te Hira
Huritahataha
Ruahine Kino/Mōkeke
Harata
Mereaira/Mutu
Apihai Jack
Rāwiri Tamanui II
Herewini Sam
Paiharehare
Hine Puhi
Harata
Ruiha
Peter Rāpana
No Issue
Kiri
Hoki Moana
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RAWIRI TAMANUI
• Born on Mangatu late 1700’s
• Paramount Chief – Last remaining Ariki from the Ariki lines
• Both lineages from Ariki lines
• Warrior of Reknown
• Named changed to Rawiri at adult christening
• Buried on the Manuka-whi-tikitiki block – (Behind Mangatu Marae)
• 1st Wife, Pokeno Uatuku of Ngai –Tuhoe from whom
comes Pera Te Uatuku
• 2nd Wife, Waikanae of Ngai Tamatea – no living issue
• Hero of Areoma/Herehereuma – Battle of Whakatohea
• Putahitanga o NgaAriki
• Still the boss today!
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RAWIRI TAMANUI
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RAWIRI TAMANUI’S MOKO
Ngakaipikirau
Rreserved for signs of rank (Taiopuru, Ahupiri, Arikinui, Ariki)
The Ariki are the direct descendants of the Gods on a primogeniture line.
Tiwhana Rays
Signs of rank.
These rays comprise 4
lines on his fathers (Taia)
side, and 3 on his mothers
side.
Uirere
This shows that Rawiri
Tamanui inherited the
mana of his mother and
father. He was the eldest
son. Only the eldest son
on the mother or fathers
side is able to inherit the
mana of the tribe.
Two pendant barbed fish
hooks
Turned inwards indicates
supreme mana
Wairua
Sign of Supreme Tapu
(Pukauwau)
Riparipa (Successor to a Taiopuru)
Koru anchors on both his parerntsCopyright
sides denotes
he had authority of both tribal areas
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Ngariki Kaiputahi Whanau Trust
NGA TIPUNA
Pera Te Uatuku
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Born: 1810?
Died: Late 1915s
Buried: Waikakariki - Mangatu
Imprisioned on Wharekauri
Follower of Te Kooti – right hand man
1st Wife Merehi Ngore – Heni Matekino
2nd Wife – Hine Huiariro – Te Hira
Heni Matekino
Te Hira
• Born:
• Gender: Female
• Died:
• Buried: Taiahamiti
• Married: Rapana Komata
• Children: 9
• Born:
• Gender: Male
• Died: 1929
• Buried:
• Married: Mere Kahure
• Children: 5
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NGA TIPUNA
Heni Matekino
Te Hira Uatuku
1. Huritahataha = Richard Merriman
= Henare Bristowe
2. Harata Rapana = Paruru
3. Apihai Jack = Eva
= Rangi
4. Herewini Sam = Marata
5. Hine Puhi = Huru Stevens
6. Ruiha = Whakatangihau Tawaka
7. Kiri - DNI
8. Hoki Moana - DNI
9. Peter Rāpana - DNI
Ruahine Kino/Mōkeke = Rueben Brown
Rāwiri Tamanui II = Mere Kururangi
Paiharehare = Hataraka Marino
Harata = Bertie Whitewood
= Hao Kaata
5. Mereaira/Mutu = Wainui Teepa
1.
2.
3.
4.
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THE WHANAU
Huritahataha
Harata Rāpana
1. Richard Haerewa
2. Lena Bristowe
1. Hilda
2. Pat
Apihai Jack
Herewini Sam HinePuhi
1. Heni
2. Ka
3. Jack Robin
4. Johnny – dni
5. Maude
6. Polly - dni
7. Dan
8. Michael
9. Jack Robin
10. Rangi
11. Sonny
12. Paruru
13. Frances Tuhou
Ruahinekino/Mōkeke
1. Pare
2. Kupukore
3. Mahanga
4. Rare
5. Te Wai
6. Ben
7. Mihi Terina
8. Mokopuna
Mereaira/Mutu
1. Te Araiwini
2. Tipene
3. Mohi
4. Rangikahiwa
5. Te Ringamau
6. Peggy (Paiharehare)
7. Tata - dni
1. Kola
2. Topsy
3. Miki
4. Albert
5. Bully
6. Rosie
7. Violet
Rāwiri Tamanui II
1. Rakati
2. Heretaunga
3. Henare
4. Mere
5. Timi Wi Rutene
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1. Kiri
Ruiha
1. Kura Wi
Hororiri
2. Whakatangihau
Tawaka
Paiharehare
Harata
1. Keita
2. George
1. Ethel
2. Peneha
3. Jane
4. Mona
5. Harou
BRIEF HISTORY OF
NGĀARIKI KAIPUTAHI
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Pre Rāwiri Tamanui
• A land of independent nations or “HAPU” with Sovereign Heads
• 1835 Declaration of Independence - British recognition of various “HAPU”
• Te Tiriti O Waitangi
Pera and Te Hira imprisoned on Wharekauri (the Chatham Islands) unlawfully
Confiscation of land and dissolution of NgāAriki Kaipūtahi identity by Crown and other hapu –
Ngariki then used as a term of conquest (unfounded!)
The death sentences upon Pera and Te Hira
1870 to 1990 – Creation of Iwi as political structures of convenience for the Crown
Increasing loss of rights, land and Mana at the land courts of 1881
1890s Census: 28 NgaAriki at Mangatu
Small flame kept burning by NgāAriki individuals
1995 – Wai 507 Treaty claim accepted by The Waitangi Tribunal
NKP self recognition reasserts itself
At the Wai 507 hearings, the Chief Judge of the Māori Land Court, Joe Williams, acknowledges
NgāAriki Kaipūtahi as Mana Whenua of Mangatu
2003 - NKP Hui sustains “HAPU” status as the traditional right of identity
Basic interim trustee governance structure approved to work toward completion of Wai 507
30 October 2004 – Waitangi Tribunal report finds in NgāAriki Kaipūtahi favour
Today - Proposal for self government – The Constitution
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HISTORICAL TIMELINE
19TH AND 20TH CENTURY CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF NGĀARIKI
1865: The first phase of the Poverty Bay Maori Wars beginning at Waerenga-a-Hika, against almost the
entire population of Turanga Maori (300 women and children and 500 hundred males)
Pera Te Uatuku, his brother Hemi Whaiapu and Pera’s son Te Hira were classed as rebels
and imprisioned in the Chatham Islands (Wharerkauri), for what was considered their involvement
at Waerenga-a-Hika
Traces of Petroleum has been found on Mangatu. Land Court sittings were held to consider
applications for freehold title over the blocks, which contained the oil springs.
Surveys of the block were completed by W.F.A McDonald. These were some of the first
surveys instigated by the Government.
1866: East Coast Titles Investigation Act was passed for the purpose of excluding all natives who
had in any way joined in “rebellious” proceedings which occurred previous to and about the
time of the passing of this act.
1867: The East Coast Land Titles Investigations Act, Amendment Act 1867 replaced the 1866 Act
In March, Harris wrote that the friendly Maori such as Raharuhi Rukupo, Wi Pere, Hirini Te Kani,
and supporters were deliberately ignoring the rights of the Hauhau’s to any, except
significant portions of the lands in Turanga
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HISTORICAL TIMELINE
1867: The remaining tribal leaders (who were not sent to the Chathams), turned to Preece to look after
their interests in the face of the Government demands for confiscation of Maori lands
1868: Te Kooti, and others including Pera Te Uatuku, Te Hira and Pera’s brother, who were imprisioned
on Wharerkauri, escaped on a ship called the Rifleman, and returned to Turanga.
The killings of Matawhero occurred
The Government and Maori came to a hasty arrangement over the confiscation of lands in Turanga
Under duress, Maori, includingTe Aitanga-a-Mahaki, Rongowhakaataa and a hapu of Ngaitahupo
ceeded land in the Poverty Bay district to the crown
1869: Between 86 and 128 Turanga Maori were unlawfully executed at Ngātapa under Crown order by
loyalists Ngati Porou forces
Remaining maori including, Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki, Rongowhakaataa and the hapu of Ngaitahupo
were expected to lodge claims of ownership to ceeded lands
Pera Te Uatuku, Te Hira, Rewi Totitoti, Hori Puru, Rutene Ahuroa and Ruka Tahuateka,
who were on the run with Te Kooti, finally returned and settled at Urukokomuka – NOT
CONQUERED
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HISTORICAL TIMELINE
1881: Wi Pere began his claim for the ownership of Mangatu in the guise of Waihia and NgaAriki Interests
1887: The first pa that was built on Mangatu was at Urukokomuka. This pa was named “Te Ngawari.”
1905: Pera dies. Rawinia Ahuroa claims that Pera is buried at Parapara, which is on the Riki Block
(Waikakariki)
1921: Te Hira TeUatuku gives evidence at a court sitting, stating that the land was owned by NgaAriki.
Ngati Wahia owned a small portion. Te Hira also stated that Rawiri Tamanui lived at Pukutarewa
before he went to Mahia, then returned back to Pukutarewa.
1929: Te Hira dies.
Through these trying years and the years since, NgaAriki became alienated and dispossed from its rightful
place as Ahi Kaa of Mangatu, though it has never lost its right as Mana Whenua.
Dislocation of our hapu, land confiscations, enforced migrations, land sales following the institution
of the Native Land Court and colonial enconmic factors…all contributed to the deterioration of
NgaAriki Mana.
These challenges led to many NgaAriki redefining their identity with other groups, either – if they could
claim descent from them – those they were living with, or more usually, the major hapu in prominent
status
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MAUNGAHAUMIA
Ko Maungahaumia Te Maunga Tapu
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AREOMA – HEREHERE UMA
The Great Battle of Otuhawaiki
During the Whakatohea insurgence into
The Turanga area around 1828-30, Areoma was
under the control of NgaAriki Kaiputahi.
During the battle of Otuhawaiki Pa, NgaAriki
Kaiputahi, under the leadership of Rawiri Tamanui,
were besieged. Through a heroic feat Rawiri
scaled the shear cliffs of Areoma to deliver his
people. The defenders turned the tide of the battle
and defeated the Whakatohea and Nga Potiki
contingents, killing 90% of the retreating warriors
and scattering the survivors back to their own
lands.
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TE NGAWARI
Te Ngawari 1
Te Ngawari 2
Built at Urukokomuka
Burnt Down
Te Ngawari 3
Te Ngawari 4
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WAITANGI TRIBUNAL REPORT 2004
TURANGA TANGATA,
TURANGA WHENUA
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TURANGA TANGATA,
TURANGA WHENUA
Waitangi Tribunal Report 2004
In the Tūranga Tangata Tūranga Whenua report, the Waitangi Tribunal found that the
Crown breached the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi by:
• Attacking a defensive pa at Waerenga a Hika in November 1865;
• Deporting and detaining 123 prisoners on Wharekauri (the Chatham Islands) without
charge or trial;
• Executing between 86 and 128 unarmed prisoners at Ngātapa Pa in 1868, again
without charge or trial;
• Extracting the cession of 1.195 million acres under duress; and by confiscating, without
legal authority, the property rights of hundreds of Tūranga Māori ‘alleged’ to be rebels.
Significantly, the Tribunal also found that Te Kooti and his followers breached their own
responsibilities as citizens and Treaty partners, when they murdered between 50 and 70
Māori and Pakehā at the settlements of Matawhero, Oweta and Patutahi.
Even though the Whakarau (as Te Kooti’s followers were called) were greatly provoked
by Crown action, the Tribunal found that ‘the Treaty of Waitangi continued to speak for
reasonableness, moderation and an ethical response’.
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Ngariki Kaiputahi Whanau Trust
TURANGA TANGATA,
TURANGA WHENUA
Mangatu Title Determination – The Ngariki Kaiputahi Story
Volume II, Chapter 14, page 659-695
“…we find that the 1881 judgement by the Native Land Court for the title determination of the
Mangatu block was clearly unsafe. The court did little to resolve the conflicting evidence put before it
and its written decision was contridictory and unclear…
…we add our conclusions from the evidence that the community of owners represented by Wi Pere did
not subsequently act in a way that suggests that Ngariki were considered by them to be conquered
and living in a state of sevitude…
What we can say is that the process by which relative interests were allocated was flawed. All that is
possible today is for the Crown to offer an apology to Ngariki Kaiputahi and to compensate for the
significant mana and practical loss suffered by them.
We sympathise to with the affront Ngariki Kaiputahi must feel by being labelled as ‘conquered’…
It was equally clear that the direct descendants of Rawiri Tamanui continued to exercise ancestral
rights in the Mangatu area…
Nor does the evidence suggest that Ngariki Kaiputahi existed in a state of servitide to the hapu of
Te Aitanga a Mahaki…”
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Ngariki Kaiputahi Whanau Trust
TURANGA TANGATA,
TURANGA WHENUA
Mangatu Title Determination – The Ngariki Kaiputahi Story
Volume I, Executive Summary
The Ngariki Kaiputahi claim in respect of the Mangatu title investigation
We found that the 1881 award of the Native Land Court was clearly unsafe insofar as it found Ngariki to
be a conquered people with no rights in Mangatu except those arising from actual residence. Such a
conclusion was inconsistent with the evidence, the stance of other claimant parties in court, and the
way in which those parties conducted the affairs of the Mangatu lands even after the decision.
We found also that the review of the 1881 decision in 1918 and 1922 (following a petition by Te Whanau
a Taupara) made matters worse by further reducing the Ngariki share in Mangatu 1 in order to make
way for Te Whanau a Taupara owners. This was done without giving Ngariki a fair opportunity to
reargue their share at the same time. We found that, in practical terms, the effect of the awards of 1881
and 1922 on Ngariki were significant.
The interests of Ngariki descent and preferred claims through other hapu for that reason; and Ngariki
were wrongly stigmatised as a conquered tribe living in servitude in traditional times.
Finally, we found, that although it is now inappropriate, indeed impossible, to upset relative
hapu interest in the Mangatu lands, it is still open to the Crown to apologise for the wrongs
suffered by Ngariki at the hands of the land court, and to compensate them for the
significant loss of mana and land which they have suffered.
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Ngariki Kaiputahi Whanau Trust
Ka Tu Au
By Matua Brown
Ka tu au ka titiro
Ki te hauauru
Ki te tonga o te ra
Tu mai Maungahaumia, te maunga tapu
O NgaAriki Kaiputahi e
Ka Titiro whakararo ki nga wai e rere ana
Rere ana mangamaia
Rere ana mangapapa
Rere ana Urukokomuka
Tu honohono ki te awa o Mangatu
Nga wai kaukau o nga tipuna e
Ka paheke taku titiro ki te marae
Tu mai te Ngawari
Te poutokomanawa ko Rawiri Tamanui
Te tipuna o Ngariki Kaiputahi e
Ka haere taku titiro ki te hau raki
Tu mokemoke ana arowhana
Ka huri taku titiro
Ki te rawhiti te uru nga mai o te ra
Tu mai herehereuma
Te waihi tapu o Ngariki Kaiputahi
Te pakanga i te taua
Ko Rawiri Tamanui te toa e
Ka titiro aku kamo, ki te tonga
Ki nga ngaru e papaki mai ra
Te urunga mai o NgaAriki, te Iwi tuturu ake
Nga Ahi-ka o Mangatu
Taku turangawaewae e
....
I stand and look
To the western breeze
To the setting of the sun
There stands Maungahaumia, the sacred mountain
Of NgaAriki Kaiputahi
...
My eyes look to the south
To the great waves that crash there
The landing place of Ngariki, the original people
The guardians of the ancestral fires of Mangatu
The place where my legs can stand….
Copyright © 2005
Ngariki Kaiputahi Whanau Trust