Psychology , Unit #5

Oswayo Valley High School

What is

personality

?

Do

you

have personality

Do you have

a

If so, what

type personality

of personality

?

personality the same as character

Personality



A person’s long-lasting patterns of behavior



An individual’s unique way of thinking, feeling and acting

Our study of PERSONALITY emphasizes the major explanations of

personality development. Five theories dominate:

Trait Theory

Each has its own strengths and weaknesses; none can be considered exclusively “correct”.

Theory 1: The Four Humors

Galen divided personality into four types of temperaments, based in part, on the level of body fluids and relation to the “elements”

Sangu Chole matic holic

http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs71/i/2013/110/6/7/personality_plus__sanguine_by_alsyrainbow-d62c0v8.jpg

http://fc00.deviantart.net/fs70/i/2013/110/1/f/personality_plus__choleric_by_alsyrainbow-d62c10l.jpg

http://fc05.deviantart.net/fs71/i/2013/110/7/c/personality_plus__phlegmatic_by_alsyrainbow-d62c3h6.jpg

http://fc09.deviantart.net/fs70/i/2013/110/4/c/personality_plus__melancholy_by_alsyrainbow-d62c0xn.jpg

Theory 2: Phrenology

Phrenology “studies the relationships between a person’s character and the morphology of the skull.”

Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) laid the foundations for “modern” phrenology on these principles:    That moral and intellectual faculties are innate That their exercise or manifestation depends on organization That the brain is the organ of all the propensities, sentiments and faculties  sentiments and faculties which differ essentially from each other.

 That the brain is composed of many particular organs as there are propensities, That the form of the head or cranium represents the form of the brain, and thus reflects the relative development of the brain organs.

Different zones on the skull paralleled “faculties” of personality and character as found in the brain.

Through the process of “flexing”—altering the shape of the skull—one’s personality could be changed.

Theory 3: Biological

William Sheldon (1898-1977) theorized a person’s personality relates to his body “type”.

 Did his work relied heavily on correlation rather than causation ?

 What happens if a person’s body type changes ?

 How did he establish a quantitative foundation?

 Could he have been right in spite of the scientific flaws?

Ectomorph

Body Type Lean Delicate Slight of muscle Think “geek” stereotype Personality Traits Artistic Sensitive Apprehensive Introverted

Mesomorph

Body Type Muscular Think “buff” stereotype Personality Traits Dynamic Courageous Energetic Active Assertive Risk-taker

Endomorph

Body Type Plump Buxom Developed visceral structure Think “fat” stereotype Personality Traits Tolerant Relaxed Love comfort/luxury Pleasant Extraverted

Sheldon’s work makes for interesting discussion not in the legitimacy of assigning personality based on body type, but rather in the tendency of accepting body type based on personality. Does our personality allow us to accept who we are? Do we seek to alter our physical body to satisfy a personality need?

Eating Disorders

physical responses to personality needs

Key features of anorexia nervosa:    refusal to maintain weight; intense fear of gaining weight; and a distorted body image

Anorexia Nervosa

Jeremy Gillitzer (1971-2010)

Eating Disorders

physical responses to personality needs

People dealing with bulimia share the psychological needs of anorexics, but differ in that they  eat a lot of food in a short amount of time (binging) and  prevent weight gain by getting rid of the food (purging)

Bulimia Nervosa

Psychological issues influence weight gain as well as weight loss.      Some people eat to fit in socially Some people eat to lower stress—it “comforts” you Some people gain weight because they are embarrassed to go to the gym Some people eat to combat depression Some people compare with others to justify their body

Weight gain

Supplements Another means of changing body to conform to “body image” by psychology. Steroids, synthetic substances chemically similar to testosterone, can be classified into two broad categories:   Anabolic: help users to build muscle tissue Androgenic: help to users appear more masculine

Steroids

Picture Credits Thai Mask http://www.talent-technologies.com/new/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/personality-factor-thailand-276x300.jpg

Galen bust http://suneeldhand.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/galen.jpg

Phrenology head frame http://cache.wists.com/thumbnails/b/3f/b3fd798caacc83df386b164ce21f0a17-orig Phrenology Head http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n01/frenolog/frenmap0.gif

Oprah Winfrey http://www.examiner.com/images/blog/replicate/EXID14380/images/Oprah_weight_loss_before_after_photo_fat_skinny.jpg

Anorexia Nervosa mirror http://cdn.stylefrizz.com/img/anorexia-mirror-picture-ross-brown.jpg

Jeremy Gillitzer http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_10yYjoTIYE0/SoyUREqPNUI/AAAAAAAAC1I/3xk2yql7OfY/s400/Jeremy+Gillitzer+%2312.jpg

Anorexic http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A-eHk58wdug/T9JUYpGDfiI/AAAAAAAAAHc/K91ec8kExIw/s320/Anorexia-cuando-2.jpg

How bulimia effects http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-A-eHk58wdug/T9JUYpGDfiI/AAAAAAAAAHc/K91ec8kExIw/s320/Anorexia-cuando-2.jpg

Fat man on scales http://www.davidwygant.com/blog/wp-content/uploads//Overweight.jpg

Negative effects steroids http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-L-Szyb49dHk/ThSYUG1n5kI/AAAAAAAAAEs/HNc8WRc42nQ/s1600/steroids-poster.jpg

Steroid back https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRyvouFfW1uiO2y5RD77NqddQbl74qKW5kS7P3uaVOiKFHhQjpr

Picture Credits Female steroid http://i1.wp.com/listverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/female_20athete.jpg?resize=215%2C300

Selected References Galens Temperaments http://agents2change.typepad.com/.a/6a00e551dd12f488340168e87aafc5970c-800wi Phrenology http://www.phrenology.org/intro.html

Phrenology http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n01/frenolog/frenmap.htm

William Sheldon (body types) http://www.naniey.com/2013/01/sheldon-somatotypes-theory.html

William Sheldon (somatoform) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bCgl4YSZgM Anorexia Nervosa http://bobsnewheart.wordpress.com/2013/05/29/anorexia-a-mental-health-issue-that-can-kill-you/ Bulimia Nervosa http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/bulimia-nervosa.html#a