Transcript Clients:Inside/Out - California State University, Fresno
AB109, ACP and Centerforce: Opportunities and Challenges
Carol F. Burton, LMSW Julie Lifshay, PhD Centerforce January 26, 2012
Centerforce
Information, Education and Advocacy for individuals, families and communities impacted by incarceration
Why should you care??
• 1 in 32 adults in the United States is under some form of correctional supervision (jail, prison, probation, parole).
(BJS, 2003) • That translates into approximately 7 million children.
(BJS, 2003)
• Under 1 year: 2% • 1-4 years old: 20% • 5-9 years old:
36%
• 10-14 years old:
28%
• 15-17 years old: 14% (Families Left Behind: The Hidden Costs of Incarceration and Reentry, The Urban
Minority Children are Disproportionately Affected
In State Prison-42% of fathers are African American and African American children are seven and a half times more likely to have a parent in prison than white children
Percentage of incarcerated parents who NEVER had a visit from their child (BJS, 2000):
54% of mothers
57% of fathers
Fathers by Age
80 30 20 10 0 70 60 50 40 <24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55+ State Prison Federal Prison
Children of Prisoners:
Understanding the Risks and the Impact • Incarceration is rarely the only risk factor for a child with a parent in prison or jail.
• Most have an “accumulation of risk”, multiple risk factors that occur in their families and communities.
• The children’s response will vary according to age.
• Older children are likely to act out—sexual misconduct, truancy, and substance abuse. • Younger children are at greatest risk because they have not developed the coping skills to deal with trauma.
California’s Alternative Custody Program
Largest women’s prison in the world Chowchilla houses 7,000 women ¾ of women are mothers © Centerforce 2012 8
ACP
Female, pregnant or parents who immediately prior to incarceration were primary caregivers – Residential Home – Residential Treatment – Transitional Care facility – Monitoring through technology © Centerforce 2012 9
ALTERNATIVE CUSTODY PROGRAM FEMALE DEMOGRAPHIC ELIGIBILITY DATA - Per CSRA Score County(s)
Los Angeles Orange Riverside San Bernardino San Diego & Imperial
Northern California
Butte, Colusa, Del Norte, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Humboldt, Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinity
Southern Coastal
Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz, Santa Barbara, Ventura
Bay Area
Alameda, Contra Costa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Marin, Napa, Sonoma
Mid-Central
Alpine, Calaveras, Mariposa, Merced, Mono, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tuolumne
Central Valley
Fresno, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Madera, Tulare
Sacramento-Central
Amador, El Dorado, Nevada, Sacramento, Placer, Solano, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba
TOTAL Demographic information as of February 2011
* Random Sampling File Review Indicated Actual Eligibility to be 79% of OIS Pool ** Time period used was 0-24 months remaining in custody
ELIGIBLE PER OISB**
1,584 389 285 554 318
79% *
1,251 307 225 438 251 177 140 213 402 310 551 354 5,137 168 318 245 435 280 4,058 © Centerforce 2012 10
NUMBER OF FEMALE INMATES BY COUNTY – Top 10 Counties *as of 3/17/2011 (OISB) County
Los Angeles San Bernardino San Diego Riverside Orange County Sacramento Kern Fresno Santa Clara San Joaquin Total
# of Inmates
3,170 830 766 668 488 427 325 281 261 201 7444 © Centerforce 2012 11
AB109
Created three populations of offenders – Post Release Community Supervision (PRCS) – 3-NONS – State Parole Violators Community Corrections Partnerships (CCP) 12 © Centerforce 2012
Challenges
Things to Consider
Parenting and Relationship education for custodial and non custodial parents Contact visits and other forms of communication with children and their incarcerated parent Programs that help parents (including non custodial parents reunite) 14 © Centerforce 2012
Things to Consider
Parents convicted of a felony are not eligible for TANF, Public Housing and have difficulty finding employment PRCS offenders are not eligible for services offered to paroles 15 © Centerforce 2012
Health Issues Facing People who are Incarcerated
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There are many…
Rates of HIV are approximately 5X higher than in general population – ~ A quarter [1/4] of PLWHIV/AIDS in the US pass through a correctional facility each year Rates of Hep C in CA prisons: – 40% of men; 50% of women upon entry are HCV+ (1999)
Tuberculosis
– Up to 25% of prisoners in the US have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) 17 © Centerforce 2012
There are many…
43% (prisons) and 39% (jails) reported a chronic medical condition** (2009, 2006) – Statistically higher rates of asthma, hypertension, arthritis** DOJ estimates that ~50% of U.S. inmates have mental health problems >50% have history of substance abuse and addiction* A significant number of prisoners continue to use drugs, including injection drugs, during incarceration © Centerforce 2012 18
The Cycle
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The Cycle
Cycling between home and incarcerated settings means that – The care delivered by Correctional Health Services has important implications for the overall care of formerly incarcerated people in the community – Effective community re-entry support is vital for continuity primary care post-release – Re-entry/transitional and community health programs serving this community must communicate effectively to successfully support client needs 20 © Centerforce 2012
Incarceration Experience
Significantly different from the “free” community – Loss of Autonomy Privacy Possessions Ordinary, loving & sexual relationships Safety/Security Power Very stressful Health Care © Centerforce 2012 21
Re-entry Experience
Experiences range from abrupt to drawn-out Stressful (positive and negative) – Individual, relationships, family (including children) – Competing priorities All ex-prisoners on probation must comply with probation conditions which may include securing stable housing or employment Health care needs often not addressed 22 © Centerforce 2012
Re-entry Experience
HIV positive prisoners are released with 7 to 30 days of AVT medications and in that timeframe must – Meet basic subsistence needs (e.g. housing, clothing, food, transportation) – Secure or re-establish primary care – for care and medications reimbursement sources (ADAP, Medi-Cal, VA etc) – Resist use of or relapse into use of alcohol/illegal substances The first month post-release is a critical period for HIV+ ex-prisoners who need strong support systems to support continuity of care and access to basic needs.
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Re-entry Experience
Without access to treatment and care post-release, many health improvements achieved during incarceration may be lost.
The overall instability that exists in the lives of many ex-prisoners hampers their ability to attend to their health care needs.
– Most former prisoners return to the community with co occurring housing and substance abuse related problems. – Complicating their access to health care are fragmented health care and correctional systems. 24 © Centerforce 2012
Re-entry Experience
Strong predictors of post-release primary care utilization & not recidivating include – housing stability – housing comfort – no alcohol use © Centerforce 2012 25
Responses
Discharge Planning Transitional Services Re-entry Case Management Continuity Of Care Programs
Discharge planning Continuity of Care Programs Transitional Services Re-entry Case Management 26 © Centerforce 2012
Re-entry Case Management
Discharge planning, transitional services, and continuity of care programs are essential for the vast majority of releasing ex-prisoners returning home.
Case management may be particularly useful in helping high-risk clients engage in health-seeking behaviors (e.g. accessing primary care and substance abuse treatment services) 27 © Centerforce 2012
Questions?
Comments?
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