Transcript The Dative case

The Dative case
The Dative is used for Indirect
Objects
Along with the imperative/command, we
often see an indirect object (marked
i.o.):
Open the door for her
Take the paper to your brother
Give me a break = Give a break to
me
Buy your friends a dinner = Buy a
dinner for your friends
Dative Case/ indirect object
There are many ways to explain and
identify the indirect object in English.
In Latin, it is easy:
the indirect object is in the dative
case --and should be translated "to"
or "for".
The dative has many uses and, strictly speaking,
the indirect object is only one. But for now, just
translate it as “to” or “for”.
How to recognize (or expect) the
dative
Datives are generally only used with
verbs of giving, showing, or
performing a service or disservice
to/for someone else.
At this point, datives are usually
persons or at least animals.
Dative noun (and adjective)
endings
Dative case endings:
1st dec. 2nd
3rd
singular -ae
-ō
-ī
plural
-īs
-īs
-ibus
(there are no separate dative
neuter endings)
Mark the dative with i.o. for indirect
object
V.
I.O.
D.O.
Invenī principi equum!
Find a horse for the leading man!
V. I.O. D.O.
Dā nuntiīs vaccam!
Give (to) the messengers a cow!
V.
I.O.
D.O.
Ostende filiae vulnera!
Show (to) the girl the wounds!
Verbs and adjectives that take the
dative
Some verbs normally take the dative, for
what might seem a direct object in
English.
Crede ancillae! Believe the slave girl!
(credo, credere)
Parce hostibus! Spare the enemies!
(parco, parcere)
Adjectives that take the dative
And some adjectives regularly take the dative as
well.
propinquus, a, um
Villam ocēanō altō propinquam magī
statuērunt.
gratus,a,um
Donum puellae nōn erat gratum.
carus,a,um
Putāvit Marcus Antonius nomen Caesarem
esse turbae carum.
sacer, sacra, sacrum
Aram sacram Dianae delevit hostis.
The dative can also be used in relative
clauses. The forms are simple, cuī in the
singular and quibus in the plural
Singular
nominative
dative
accusative
ablative
Plural
nominative
ablative
accusative
ablative
masculine
quī
cuī
quem
quō
feminine
quae
cuī
quam
quā
neuter
quod
cuī
quod
quō
quī
quibus
quōs
quibus
quae
quibus
quās
quibus
quae
quibus
quae
quibus
Dative relative clauses
videt puellam cui saccos iactaverat
latro.
hostes deos quibus templum erat
sacrum timebant.
Interrogative dative pronouns
The same forms are used to ask
questions.
Cui praemium dux dedit?
Quibus imperator pepercit?