WH-TCI-CH.10 - World History
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Transcript WH-TCI-CH.10 - World History
Ch. 10: The First Global Age,
1400-1800
Mr. Chavez
World History
Fall 2014
10.3: The Growth of State PowerAbsolute Rule in Europe
As the world expanded, the
power of states and empires
also grew
Between the 16th and 18th
centuries, many monarchs
(kings) centralized power and
authority
This form of rule was known as
absolutism
Absolute monarchs claimed
that their right to rule came
from God
This notion of God-given
authority was known as divine
right
10.3: The Growth of State PowerAbsolute Rule in Europe
European monarchs backed up their
rule with military force
They wanted to secure their
borders and expand their area of
control
They used modernized weaponry
based on gunpowder technology
from China
They developed canons for land and
sea
Developed new methods to fortify
artillery attacks
Monarchs paid for their new military
power by raising taxes and bank loans
Gunpowder
Revolution!
10.3: The Growth of State PowerGunpowder Empires
Gunpowder revolution took place in Europe, eastern
Europe and Asia
Strong states used gunpowder weapons to conquer
territory and build large empires
The Ottoman Turks built one of the most powerful
empires
They relied on well-trained armies and heavily artillery
Ottoman Turks created a centralized state to support
their empire
Their complex system of managing their government
was also known as a ________________
BUREAUCRACY
The Ottoman Empire
Modern Day Turkey
Majority of Turkish
people are Muslim.
Can you guess which
branch of Islam?
Sunni
10.3: The Growth of State PowerGunpowder Empires
To the north, Russia also built a powerful state
empire
10.3: The Growth of State PowerGunpowder Empires
In Persia, the Safavid Empire arose in 1501 and
collapsed in 1722
Their greatest ruler, Shah Abbas, built a strong
centralized state and promoted art and architecture
This branch of Islam was practiced in this empire:
________________.
The Mughal Empire spread across Central Asia and
India
Lasted from 1526 to 1707
Also had a strong central government
Government grew rich from trading cotton and spices
Shi’a
The Safavid and Mughal Empires
10.3: The Growth of State PowerEmerging European Dominance
Despite their success, most of the gunpowder
empires declined by the late 1700s
Safavid, Ottoman, Mughal
In contrast, Europe was getting stronger
1 major factor: Commercial Revolution
Rapid expansion of business
Fueled by overseas trade and colonization
Gave rise to early forms of capitalism
European states became extremely wealthy as a result
Increased their military and political power
Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural factors
helped Europe rise to power once more
Europe’s Rise to Power!
Now It’s Your Turn!
Answer the following questions in complete
sentences.
Title it Now It’s Your Turn
Write your responses on the back of your notes
1. Describe 2 ways that monarchs centralized their
power.
2. How did the Commercial Revolution make Europe
powerful?
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization
of the Americas
By establishing American colonies, western
European countries…
Built new empires
Created new networks of exchange
New colonies had both positive and negative effects on
the rest of the world
Spain and Portugal established first American
colonies
Spain colonized North and South America in the 1500s
Portugal colonized Brazil in the 1500s
_________________ defeated the Aztec and Inca empires
Brought millions of Indians under their control
Conquistadors
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization
of the Americas
Social structure of the Spanish colonies was largely
based on race
White colonists made up the top social class
They enjoyed the most power and privileges
Next were _______________: mixed race descendants of
Europeans and Indian
At the bottom were native Indians; later black Africans
Mestizos
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization
of the Americas
The Catholic Church also
played an important role
in colonial society
The spread of Catholic
beliefs was a prime
motive of the Spanish
conquest
Spanish and Portuguese Empires
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Economies
of Silver
Silver mining became the main economic activity in
the Spanish colonies
Spanish forced Indians to work in the mines
Silver had an enormous impact on the world
economy
Made into coins and increased world money supply
Resulted in ________________: rising prices, usually caused
by an increase in money supply
The plantation system:
Spanish crown granted colonists large estates,
stripping away land from Indians
Plantations grew: sugar, tobacco, cacao, cotton, etc..
inflation
10.4: Atlantic Empires: A
Continental Exchange
Exchange of goods between the Old World and the
New World
This was also known as the _____________________: the
transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the
Eastern and Western hemispheres
Columbian Exchange
• The Columbian Exchange also had negative effects
• Worst of all, Old World diseases spread
rapidly, with deadly effects on Indian
populations
The Columbian Exchange
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and
Slavery
Old World diseases killed at least 50% of the native
population
Amounted to tens of millions of people
This event is called the ________________.
The spread of disease made the European conquest
of the Americas much easier
Less Indians to resist European colonists
Also, less Indians to work the land
Europeans started to import African slaves as a
result
Great Dying
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and
Slavery
Slavery has existed since ancient times
Greeks, Romans and Arabs had all used slaves before
Major were prisoners of war
The first African slaves were bought by Portugal in
the mid-1400s
By the mid-1500s, most European countries were in
the practice of buying slaves as well
By the 1800s, more than ten million African slaves
had been shipped to the Americas
Approximately 1 out of every 6 died en route to the
Americas (approximately 2 million)
The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as
the middle passage
10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and
Slavery
The slave trade had a major impact on Africa
Slavery destroyed many African societies
It strengthened African warlords who sold slaves
It introduced European goods, including guns to Africa
The slave trade had a greater impact on the Americas
Slavery supported the plantation system which was
violent and brutal
Left a legacy of racism and inequality that still exists
today
Slavery in the Americas
10.5: Movement of Religion & Ideas:
Spreading Faith in the Americas
As regions became more connected, ideas and
religious beliefs spread more rapidly from place to
place
Movement of ideas and religion also helped transform
the world
Colonization of the Americas brought 2 LARGE
continents into the Christian world
Catholic priests converted millions of Indians to
Christianity
Many/most were converted forcefully
In most cases, Indians blended Christian teachings with
their own traditional beliefs
Catholic missionaries spread the faith into Africa and
Asia
10.5: Movement of Religion and
Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
New ideas and ways of thinking arose in Europe
Artist and thinkers of theRenaissance
__________________, revived
classical art and culture.
They promotedHumanism
______________, a belief in the value of the
individual
This new way of thinking paved the way for the
Reformation
____________, which split the Catholic Church and gave
birth to new Protestant religions
10.5: Movement of Religion and
Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
The printing press was
crucial to the Reformation
And to ideas in general
Printing technology
invented by China in the 11th
century
German metalworker,
Johannes Gutenberg
advanced the technology in
1450
His printing press could
print 300 pages in one day
Printing became faster and
more efficient
10.5: Movement of Religion and
Ideas: New Ideas in Europe
This movement sought to revive Catholicism in
Counter-Reformation
response to the Reformation: _________________
The church expanded its missionary work in the new
colonies
Scholars and thinkers, inspired by the Renaissance,
began to study the natural world in new ways
Scientific Revolution
This new approach to learning was called ______________
Began in the mid-1500s and lasted through the 1600s
Beginning in the 1700s, this movement sought to
apply scientific methods to the study of society and
its problems
Enlightenment
_________________________