Transcript Broadband Challenges FDIS 99’

Broadband Challenges - FDIS ’99
Glenn T. Edens
Vice President Broadband Technology
[email protected]
Labs
Overview: 10 Broadband Challenges
Offers
Consumer Perspective
Delivery
Multiple
Vendors
Political Perspective
Standards &
Retail
Backbone
Regional
Hub
Technical Perspective
HFC Plant
Gateway
Home
Network
Devices
2
Challenge 1: Offers
• Entertainment
– Watch television programming & movies
– Listen to radio & music
– Games & the web
• Communications
– Talk on the phone, IM, BL, chat & mail
– Forwarding, alerting, notification & messaging
• Information
– Access the web, directories & guides, study, work & play
– Life maintenance, transactions, buying & selling stuff
3
Challenge 1: Offers
• Video & Audio
– Digital to provide EPG, more channels and highest quality
picture and sound
– High Definition to provide the ultimate home theater
– Interactive to provide web access and transactions
• Voice (Local and Long Distance Telephony)
– Primary line, LEC replacement with more lines & features
• High Speed Data
– Broadcast data embedded in television programming
– High speed internet access for PC, TV & appliance-style
devices (web pads, internet stereo, web phones, etc.)
4
Challenge 2: Sell, Install & Provision
• Bundles of video, voice, data, LD & cellular will
provide significant consumer value
• Consumer, retailer, product vendor & service
provider converge in a process
– Learn: marketing & positioning
– Buy: taking the order, verification & scheduling
– Get: installation, provisioning & OOB experience
– Use: training, utility, experience & quality
– Pay: establish value, meter, bill & collect
– Support: diagnose, repair, improve & enhance
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Challenge 2: Sell, Install & Provision
•
•
•
•
101 Million U.S. households - 99 Million have TV
90 Million households passed by cable
66 Million cable customers
Operating revenue of $27.8 Billion
– Average $36 per customer per month = $24 Billion
– Other revenue (ad, home shopping, etc.) = $3.8 Billion
• 34% of the customers churn each year
– 1.87 M per month = 22.4 M per year
• Employees
–
–
–
–
Direct Employees
Linked Employees
Indirect Employees
Total
Source: CableLabs
122,000
83,000
674,000
879,000
6
Challenge 2: Sell, Install & Provision
• 66,000 Truck Drivers (including supervisors)
– 35,000 Installers; 8,800 Service Techs; 13,200 Line Techs; 4,400
Headend Techs; 4,600 Others
• 35,000 Customer Service Representatives
• Customer telephone calls per month
Billing
Sales
Service
Total
21,450,000
10,725,000
10,725,000
42,900,000 per month or 515 M per year
• 2% of customers experience problems each month
– 1.32 M per month = 15.8 M per year
• Truck rolls, residential CPE and wiring installation is
key limiting factor to deployment
Source: CableLabs
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Challenge 2: Sell, Install & Provision
8
Travel
New coax
Splitter
Drop
External
Modem
No Single PC
Yes
Yes
Existing LAN
No
Internal
Modem
Data Site Survey Video
RF Check
Telephony
New coax
Splitter
BTI, Drop
UPS
Provision
No Replace LEC
Type
Digital
No Existing Coax
Install SW
Configure
Provision
No
Yes
New coax
New jack
Splitter
Drop
New STB
Download
SW
Provision
Yes
LAN
NIC(s)
Analog
Yes
New coax
New jack
Splitter
No
Re-home
existing
LEC TP
Existing Coax
Remove
Interdiction
devices
Need STB
Yes
New STB
Existing TP Yes
No
New TP
New jack
Test
Demo
Pack up
Challenge 2: Sell, Install & Provision
Analog Cable
Digital Cable W/Phone
Line Return
Cable Data
Cable Telephony
6 – 8 Jobs per day Avg.
4 – 6 Jobs per day Avg.
4 Jobs per day Avg.
2 – 4 Jobs per day Avg.
10 min – Survey
10 min – Survey
10 min - Survey
10 min – Survey
30 min – Install NIC and
verify compatibility
15 min – RF level check
at tap
45 min – RF level check
at tap and drop work as
needed
45 min – RF level check
at tap and drop work as
needed
60 min – Install NIU,
BTI, back up power &
drop work
15 min – Internal
phone line wiring as
needed
15 min – Provision
modem
5 min – Contact NOC
with NIU-BTI number
15 min – Internal coaxial
wiring as needed
15 min – Internal coaxial
wiring as needed
10 min – install software
on PC
35 min – Internal wiring
as needed
5 min – Verify services
ordered
10 min – Verify services
ordered
5 min – Configure user
profile
15 min – Verify services
ordered
5 min – Customer
education
10 min – Customer
education
15 min – Customer
education
15 min – Customer
education
Total = 1 hours 20 min
Total = 1 hours 45 min
Total = 2 hours 10 min
Total = 2 hours 35 min
45 min – RF level check
at tap and drop work as
needed
9
Challenge 3: Backbone Networks
Seattle, WA
10
NDTC & NCAC Denver, CO
HITS Satellite
HITS
Salt Lake City, UT
San Francisco, CA
PSTN
Internet
• Backbone networks are well understood
– PSTN and Nationwide LD network
– Private IP networks and the Public Internet
– Headend In The Sky (HITS) Satellite Programming
Challenge 4: Regional Hubs & Headends
PSTN
Internet
Primary
Hub
60,000 - 100,000
Homes Passed
Local Hub
HITS
DWDM
Over the air
Master
Hub
Primary
Ring
Local Origination
1,000,000 +
Homes Passed
Primary
Hub
Local Hub
Local Hub
Primary
Hub
10,000 - 20,000
Homes Passed
DWDM Fiber rings provide reliability and capacity
11
Challenge 5: HFC Local Plant
• 11,000+ Headends
• 450,000 Miles of Fiber
• 1,150,000 Miles of Semi-rigid Coax Trunk Cable
– 70% Aerial & 30% Underground
• 2,400,000 Miles of Drop Cable to residence
– 1,440,000 Miles Active & 960,000 Miles Inactive
• Constant rebuilds and upgrades
– 40,000 Plant Miles rebuilt every year
– 80,000 Plant Miles upgraded every year
Source: CableLabs
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Challenge 5: HFC Local Plant
13
60,000 - 100,000
Homes Passed
DWDM
Primary
Ring
Primary
Hub
FN
Local Hub
Local Hub
FN
10,000 - 20,000
Homes Passed
500 - 2000
Homes Passed
• Fiber is moved further into the network
– FTTC and FTTH still too expensive
• As traffic grows system can easily expand
– Add more Fiber Nodes or Local Hubs
– Reduce homes passed by a Fiber Node
– Transition to Mini Fiber Node (mFN) architecture
Challenge 5: HFC Local Plant
Upgrade to HFC
Local
hub
5
Phase I mFN
Local
hub
FN
Analog
TV
50
FN
mFN
Emerging
Services
500
14
Analog
TV
750
1G
5
50
mFN
Emerging
Services
500
750
1G
Phase II mFN
Local Hub
MuxNode
TV
DTV
TV
DTV
DOCSIS
DOCSIS
New IP
New IP
Fiber
Coax
mFN
mFN
New IP
New IP
50 Homes Passed
Analog
TV
5
50
500
Emerging
Services
750
1G
Challenge 5: HFC Local Plant
CONTENT
SOURCES
DHEI
Digital Satellite
Split Multiplexes
QPSK
IRT 1000
QPSK
Digital Satellite
Signals
QPSK
Digital Transport
DS3
Digital Broadcast
Signals
8-VSB
OC-3
The
Internet
I Mult.
64 QAM
MPS
NC 1500
64/256QAM
DAC 6000
NETSentryTM
Digital Domain
Manager
HCT 1000
C6U
C6U
RPD 1000
DCT-2000
DCT-5000+
DOCSIS
Cable Modems
OM 1000
KLS 1000
DANIS/DLS
CMTS
C6U
IRT 2000
Q Mult.
NC 2000
Interactive
Application
Servers
DCT-1000/1200
64QAM
PSTN
Video Server
Content
SUBSCRIBER
SYSTEM
General Instruments Headend
Locally Encoded
Analog Signals
Digital Satellite
Multiplexes
Ethernet
15
HFC
Challenge 6: Interface & Gateway
16
Circuit Switched Telephony Architecture
Cable NIU
Tap
Fiber
Node
Local
hub
HDT
PSTN
Primary
Hub
Challenge 6: Interface & Gateway
17
Cable Modem High Speed Data Architecture
Internet
Router
CMTS
CM
Cable NIU
Tap
Fiber
Node
Local
hub
HDT
PSTN
Primary
Hub
Challenge 6: Interface & Gateway
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VOIP Telephony & Cable Modem Architecture
Internet
PSTN
Telephony
Gateway
BTI
Tap
Router
CMTS
CM
Fiber
Node
Local
hub
Primary
Hub
Challenge 6: Interface & Gateway
Basic Digital Splitter
CATV In
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Media Access Point
Digital CATV
Re-homed
telephone wiring
Cable/LEC
mode switch
or relay
Re-homed
telephone wiring
with remote
switch-over
From RJ11
Jacks of
Telco NID
To TV’s & STBs
Back plane.
distributes CATV,
analog phone
lines, AC and DC
power and high
speed digital data
bus
Toll quality & lifeline
service - existing
telephone wiring or
wireless
Optional Modules
PC home network
new & existing
wiring or wireless
Challenge 6: Interface & Gateway
Basic Digital Splitter
CATV In
Digital CATV
Re-homed
telephone wiring
Cable/LEC
mode switch
or relay
Re-homed
telephone wiring
with remote
switch-over
To TV’s & STBs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
From RJ11
Jacks of
Telco NID
Structured & standardized
installation tool
Digital CATV output is filtered
from premises noise sources
Re-homing of telephone wiring
Remote switch over of house
telephone wiring from LEC to
Cable could eliminate truck roll
Supports premises or plant
powering and Cable GFI
Could be engineered to support
Angel and DBS
Targeted as low cost device $30<
Installed on “all” the next truck
rolls with customer permission
20
Challenge 6: Interface & Gateway
•
•
Supports multiple vendors, PnP
DIY installation and retail sales
which can eliminate truck rolls
Backplane supports:
–
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
Digital clean CATV to each slot
8 Analog phone lines to all slots
TTL Ethernet for UPnP
High speed TDMA 100 Mbytes/s
DC and UPS power
Easy connection to Digital
Splitter
Wide range of optional modules
Supports remote diagnostics,
telemetry, control and service
level provisioning
Should be low cost device $50<
and $100 - $300 per module
Media Access Point
21
Challenge 7: Home Networks
• PC needs are driving most home networking
technology today
– HomePNA is key activity
– Microsoft Universal Plug and Play is key activity
• Cable needs will become critical driver of home
networking technology next year
– Copy protection, conditional access, encryption, device
discovery and control protocols are key
– Precision clock distribution, low latency, sub-Ns jitter, quality
of service and higher bandwidths are key
• No new wires is ok but no wires is better
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Challenge 7: Home Networks
Technology
C
D
T
A
V
Power Line



TP Copper
HomePNA
TP Copper
Synchronous
Wireless 802.11
Wireless EPBS










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Bandwidth &
Distance
Coverage
Retail
Availability
Notes
1 Kb – 2 Mb /
300’
1 Mb / 300’
10 Mb / 300’
44 Mb / 300’
88 Mb / 300’
2 Mb / 100’
.5 Mb / 100’
Whole house
Late 2000
Existing / new
wire & jacks
Existing / new
wire & jacks
Whole house
Whole house
Today 1.0
Late 2000 2.0
Whole house
(usually)
Whole house
Late 1999
Mid 2001
Proprietary,
Carrier
Standard,
Multi-carrier
Proprietary,
Baseband
Standard, RF
Proprietary,
RF
Proprietary,
RF
Standard, RF
Early 2000
Today
Mid 2000





Wireless ISM




Wireless
HomeRF
Wireless
Bluetooth
Coaxial Cable


Analog or 1 - 4
Mb / 100’
2 Mb / 150’


2 Mb / 25’
Within a room
Mid 2001
Standard, RF




1 GHz
Today




400 Mb / 15’
50 Mb / 100’
Existing / new
Cable, jacks &
splitters
New wire or
POF
6 MHz Carrier
QAM VSB
QPSK
Standard,
Baseband
IEEE 1394

Late 2000
Late 2002
C = control D = data T = telephony A = CD audio V = MPEG video and audio
Challenge 8: Devices
• Television activities centered on set top box
– DCT2000 set top box deployment today
– DCT5000 advanced set top box deployment 2000
– Retail set top box via OpenCable in 2001
• PC activity centered on DOCSIS cable modem
– Migrating from DOCSIS 1.0 to 1.1
• Telephone activity centered on interfaces and
multiple line multiplexing
– Circuit switched deployment today
– PacketCable VOIP in 2000
• New devices on the horizon
– Webpad, webphone, internet stereo, managed systems
for security, energy management and home control
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Challenge 8: Devices
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General Instruments DCT2000
State of the Art Audio & Video
MPEG-2 Video Decoder
Wide screen capable
Two-Way Communications
ALOHA RF return path
Starvue II RF Return Path modem
Application Features
27MHz CPU
6.3 Mb total memory
2.048 Mbps out of band data receiver
8-bit Graphics capability
GI/VRTX O/S API support
Macrovision Anti-Copy Protection
Networking Features
54-860MHz tuner
64/256 QAM modulation
Messaging Capabilities
DES based Encryption
Dolby AC-3 Digital Audio
Interfaces
RF, Baseband Output Ports
Low Power IR Blaster Port
RF, Baseband Output Ports
Internal Application Interface Port
High and Low speed Data Output Ports
Low Power IR Blaster Port
Full Feature Access from Front Panel
Optional Features
Analog Descrambling
BTSC Stereo Decoder
High Power IR Blaster Port
High or Low Power Tethered IR Blaster Module
Serial Data Connector
High-speed telco return modem
Challenge 8: Devices
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General Instruments DCT5000
Additional interactive capabilities
Powerful Hardware/Networking
Platform
Powerful CPU - 347 MIPS; 167MHz
High-end graphics capability
24 Bit graphics
3D and animation capable
Greater Memory Capacity
14.3MB total memory
Field upgradeable
Optional internal IDE disk storage
Dedicated Upstream Bandwidth
TDMA Return
Triple Tuner Architecture
Watch, Talk & Surf functionality
Integrated DOCSIS cable modem
File sharing
Person to person games
IP telephony
Open & Flexible Software Platform
Run a Variety of O/S & Middleware
Windows CE
Aperios
VRTX
NCI
PersonalJava
Others
Supports OpenCable software interfaces
HTML and Run-time Engines
JAVA Scripting
Robust Applications Environment
Challenge 8: Devices
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OpenCable STB POD
•
Cable
The Point of Deployment
(POD) separable security
module contains all security
functions and out of band
signaling functions.
QAM
RX
QPSK
TX
QPSK
RX
•
The POD security module
enables any OpenCable
compliant device to deliver
a cable system’s secure
digital video services.
OpenCable Set-top
Demux
Demod
CPU
OOB
CA
POD Module
CPU
MPEG
OpenCable STB
POD
Challenge 8: Devices
DOCSIS 1.1 Cable Modem
• Released to Interim Status on March 11th 1999
• Fully backwards compatible with DOCSIS 1.0
• DOCSIS 1.1 builds on top of the DOCSIS 1.0 specification
–
–
–
–
provides key enhancements to DOCSIS 1.0
complete set of QoS functionality and features
CMTS controlled fragmentation in the upstream
efficient use of both Downstream and Upstream bandwidth via
Payload Header Suppression
– standardized approach for IP Multicast support over cable.
– increased protection against thief of service via CM authentication
– complemented by the Baseline Privacy Plus Interface Specification
• Provides all necessary underlying services required to
support large scale deployment of Voice over IP (VOIP) and
other latency sensitive applications
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Challenge 8: Devices
29
PacketCable 1.0
• Features/Functions:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Market trials
Migration to DOCSIS 1.1
Utilizes DOCSIS 1.1 CMTS
Network call signaling
Interoperable clients, Call
agents, gateways
Common billing event
messages
Standard network
management of clients
Common calling features
Announcement servers
• Limitations:
– P-QoS allows telephony,
may limit other application
deployments
– Proprietary CMS-PSTN GC
Signaling
– Single zone on-net calling:
greater use of PSTN for
terminations
– IP address privacy not
addressed
Challenge 8: Devices
30
PacketCable 1.1
• Features/Functions:
– 2 call signaling models:
network based and clientbased feature support
– 2 QoS signaling models:
Provisioned, Dynamic
– Future multimedia
applications
– IP address privacy
– Carrier class reliability
• Limitations:
– Single zone on-net calling:
greater use of PSTN for
terminations
– D-QoS requires changes to
DOCSIS 1.1 CMTS
– D-QoS- Additional signaling
traffic [bandwidth, setup time]
– Distributed Call Signaling:
More powerful clients
required
Challenge 9: Multiple Vendors
• AT&T committed to three principles
– Multiple vendor competition based on standards
– Increasing consumer choice of devices at retail
– Rapid deployment of advanced services to consumers
• AT&T - Microsoft Agreement
– Increased order for Windows CE from 5 million to 7.5 million
units with an option for up to 10 million
– Agreed to evaluate TVPak client and server software
– Showcase city deployment of TVPak, client & server, in one
large and one small city
– Showcase city deployment of TVPak client only with non-MS
server in third city
– Sold overseas properties to MS and accepted MS
investment of $5 Billion in AT&T
31
Challenge 10: Retail & Standards
• Telecommunications Act of 1992 & 1996
– Cable subscribers can own their equipment
• FCC NPRM, February 1997
– Goal of assuring competition in the set-top market
• FCC Report and Order, June 1998
–
–
–
–
Security module prototype by July 1999
Security module form factor by January 2000
Separable security module available by July 2000
No embedded security after January 2005
• Hundreds, if not thousands, of potentially
conflicting industry specifications and standards
– DVB, IETF, IEEE, ISO, HAVI, UPnP, HomePNA, HomeRF,
ATVEF, DOCSIS, PacketCable, OpenCable, . . .
32
Challenge 10: Retail & Standards
• It’s not easy:
– Retail channel wants to duplicate DSS business model with
subsidy and annuity for each STB sale
– Retail channel & vendors want “one architecture”
– Consumer Electronics vendors want standards but complete
freedom to innovate as well as subsidy and annuity
– Consumer Electronics vendors want to integrate STB into TV
and other devices without cost impact
– Existing head end and STB vendors want their proprietary CA
and upstream systems to continue in the market
– The EPG problem is a whole presentation just by itself
– ISPs and AOL want completely open access platform
– Broadcasters want support for all video and data formats
– PC vendors want progressive scan
33
Glenn’s Broadband Challenge Meter
Easy
Hard
Way Hard
Offers
Sell, Install & Provision
Backbone Networks
Regional Hubs & Headends
HFC Local plant
Interface & Gateways
Home Networks
Devices
Multiple Vendors
Retail & Standards
34
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank David Nagel, President of
AT&T Laboratories, Tony Werner, EVP
Engineering of AT&T Broadband and Internet
Services, Dick Green, CEO of CableLabs and
everyone at CableLabs for their help in
preparing this presentation. I would also like to
thank Misha Pavel of AT&T Laboratories for
being kind enough to present this talk at FDIS
’99 in my absence.
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