Transcript AUTOSEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY

AUTOSEGMENTAL
PHONOLOGY
Anni Leming
LING 504
Dr. Daniel Sanford
Spring 2011
University of New Mexico
WHAT IS AUTOSEGMENTAL
PHONOLOGY?
 Underlying and surface forms comprise strings of segments arranged in
two or more tiers (Goldsmith, 1979).
 Non-linear model allows overlap among features.
 Treats elements of phonology (features) as not being grouped together
in segments, but they lead their own, independent lives (Oostendorp,
2005).
 Goes beyond the place and manner of articulation and focuses on
stress, *tone, vowels, and nasal harmony.
SALIENT TERMS
 Tier: levels of phonological segments that differ regarding the features
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that are specified in them.
Tone bearing unit (TBU): most commonly known as the syllabic
nucleus and is linked by association lines to tones.
Association lines: lines between segments on tiers.
Association convention: every tone needs to be linked to some
vowel.
Well-formedness Conditions (WFC):
 Each vowel must be associated with (at least) on toneme.
 Each toneme must be associated with (at least) one vowel.
 No association lines may cross
TIERS & ASSOCIATION LINES
úʔù “fire” (Margi spoken
in Nigeria)
uʔu
H
L
Segmental tier
Tonal tier
KIKUYU (BANTU LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN
NIGERIA)
GOLDSMITH (1976); VAN OOSTENDORP (2005)
SUB
MARKER
OBJ
MARKER
ROOT
TENSE
SUFFIX
to ‘we’
mo ‘him’
rɔr ‘look at’
irε
ma ‘they’
ma ‘them’
tom ‘send’
irε
ROOT
SUB
‘to’
SUB
‘ma’
rɔr
tò rɔ̀r ìrέ
má rɔ́r ìrέ
tò mò rɔ̀r ìrέ
má mó rɔ̀r
ìrέ
tò mà rɔ́r
ìrέ
má má rɔ́r
ìrέ
tò tòm írέ
má tóm írέ
tò mò tòm
írέ
má mó tòm
írέ
tò mà tóm
írέ
má má tóm
írέ
tom
UNDERLYING REPRESENTATION
AND ASSOCIATION RULES
to
ma
mo
ma
rɔr
tom
irε
L
H
L
H
L
H
H
to ma rɔr irε
Rule that associates the first tone
to the second syllable of the word
C0 V C0 V
L H L H
T-----------to ma rɔr irε
L H L H
ASSOCIATION CONVENTION AND WELLFORMEDNESS CONDITIONS
to ma rɔr irε
LHLH
to ma rɔr irε
L H LH
REFERENCES
 Goldsmith, J. (1990). Autosegmental and metrical phonology. Cambridge,
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MA: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
Goldsmith, J. (1979). The aims of autosegmental phonology. In D. Dinnsen
(ed.), Current Approaches to Phonological Theory, Pp. 202-222. Bloomington:
Indiana University Press.
Hagberg, L. R. (2006). An autosegmental theory of stress. SIL e-Books, 3.
[Dallas]: SIL International, 208 p.
http://www.sil.org/silepubs/abstract.asp?id=47753
Leben, W. R. (2006). Rethinking autosegmental phonology. Selected
proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. John
Mugane et al., Pp. 1-9. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
van Oostendorp, M. (2005). Autosegmental phonology. Handout of
presentation. The Netherlands: Universiteit Leiden