Financial Ratio Analysis
Download
Report
Transcript Financial Ratio Analysis
July 8, 2011
Financial Ratio Analysis
Financial ratios combine different financial parameters.
They are based on the financial data drawn from the
balance sheet and the P&L account.
Each ratio is studied both by itself and along with other
ratios, in order to gain critical insights.
Different ratios are used to analyse the different
dimensions of a business.
TCS Financial Ratios ( 2009-10)
3
TCS Financial Ratios ( 2009-10)
4
Wipro Financial Ratios ( 2009-10)
5
Profitability ratios
These ratios measure how profitable the
business is with respect to sales and assets.
6
Gross Profit Margin
= (Sales – Cost of Goods Sold) ÷ (Sales)
Operating profit margin
(Gross Profit – SG&A - R&D ) ÷ (Sales)
8
Net Profit Margin
= (Profit After Tax) ÷ (Sales)
Return on Assets
= (Profit After Tax) ÷ (Total Assets)
Return on Investment (ROI)
The return on investment is computed as under:
ROI = [(PBIT) ÷ (Total Capital Employed)]
= [(PBIT) ÷ (Shareholders’ Net Worth + Borrowings)]
Activity ratios
These ratios measure how efficiently the
assets of the business are being used.
12
Inventory Turnover Ratio
= (Cost of Goods Sold) ÷ (Inventory)
Average Collection Period (Debtors
Turnover)
= (Debtors) ÷ (Average Daily Sales)
Capital Employed Turnover
= (Sales) ÷ (Capital Employed)
Fixed Assets Turnover
= (Sales) ÷ (Net Fixed Assets)
Liquidity Ratios
These ratios measure to what extent the
business has funds available to meet its
obligations.
17
Current Ratio
= (Current Assets) ÷ (Current Liabilities)
Quick Ratio or Acid Test Ratio
= (Quick Assets) ÷ (Current Liabilities)
Quick assets = Current assets - Inventory
Leverage ratios
These ratios measure the extent of financial
risk assumed by the business, ie the level of
debt in relation to equity.
20
Debt-Equity Ratio
= (Long Term Debt) ÷ (Shareholders’ Net Worth)
Total Debt to Total Capital
Employed Ratio
= (Total Debt) ÷ (Total Capital Employed)
Coverage ratios
These ratios measure the availability of
funds to meet various financial obligations.
23
Interest Coverage
= (Profit Before Interest and Tax) ÷ (Interest Charges)
Dividend Cover
= (Profit after Tax less Preference Dividend)
(Equity Dividend)
÷
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
= (Profit Before Interest and Tax)
÷
(Loan Installments + Interest)
Shareholder Returns
These ratios measure how well the
shareholders are being rewarded by the
company.
27
Return on Shareholders’ Net Worth
= (Net Profit After Tax – Pref. Dividend) ÷
(Equity Shareholders’ Net Worth)
Earnings Per Share (EPS)
= (Net Profit After Tax – Pref. Dividend) ÷
(Number of Equity Shares)
Dividend Per Share
= (Dividends paid to Equity Shareholders) ÷
(Number of Equity Shares)
Dividend Pay-out Ratio
= (Dividend per share) ÷ (Earnings per Share)
Dividend Yield
= (Dividend per share) ÷ (Market Value per share)
Earnings Yield
= (Earnings per share) ÷ (Market Value per share)
Valuation ratios
These ratios are useful in arriving at a
realistic valuation of the business.
34
Price/Earnings Ratio (P/E ratio)
= (Market Value per Share) ÷ (Earnings per share)
Book Value per Share
= (Net Worth – Preference Share Capital) ÷ (No of shares)
Market Price to Book Value
= (Market Price per Share)÷ (Book Value per share)
Thank You
38