Transcript PhyProperties

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
8th gr. Physical Science
 Properties
are used to identify a
substance
 Physical
properties are those that
can be observed using your five
senses, without changing the
identity of the substance
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Color
 Shape/Structure- crystalline
 Size
 Smell
 Hardness
 Freezing point, boiling point and
melting point
 Magnetism- attraction or repulsion to
magnets
 Conductivity- electrical and thermal
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MORE TO EXPLORE…
Conductivity- electrical and thermal #1
 Luster- #1
 Ductile- #2
 Malleable- #2
 Density- #3
 Viscosity- #3
 Opacity- #4
 Transparency- #4
 Solubility- #4
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Transparent- a material that allows light to
pass through it (you can see through it)
Opaque- a material that does not allow light to
pass through (you cannot see through it)
Solubility- the ability of a substance to dissolve
into another or allow other substances to dissolve
into it.
Density- the measure of how much mass is
contained in a given volume. D= m/v
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to flow.
Honey is more viscous than water.
 Malleable- ability of a metal to be hammered
into a shape or rolled into a thin sheet
 Ductile- the ability of a metal to be drawn into a
wire
 Conductivity- property of a metal and alloys
that allows heat or electricity to pass through
them easily.
 Luster- property of a metal and alloys that
allows them to reflect light (SHINY)
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical
properties:
Properties that DO change
that chemical nature of
matter
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Heat
of combustion -#1
Flammability- #2
pH- #3
Reactivity- #4
Corrosiveness- #2
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
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Heat of combustion- the temperature at which
a material will combust or catch fire.
Flammability- the tendency of an object to burn
(some object burn easily and are highly
flammable, some objects do not burn and are not
flammable.)
Corrosiveness- When a substance reacts with
air or water and it breaks down (Rusting and
tarnishing are examples)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
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pH- a measure of the concentration of hydronium
ions in a solution using a scale that ranges from
0-14.
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0-6.9 are acids (orange juice)
7 is neutral (water)
7.1-14 are bases (soap)
The closer to 0 the more acidic
The closer to 14 the more basic aka alkaline
Reactivity- the ease and speed at which an
element or a compound will combine/react with
other elements and compounds.
PHYSICAL CHANGES
 Physical
change takes place when a
substance changes size, shape, or
state of matter BUT a new
substances is NOT formed.
PHYSICAL CHANGES
 Examples:
 Paper
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Rip it
Crumple it
Shred it
Color on it
Fold it
CHEMICAL CHANGES
Occurs
when one or more
substances change into a NEW
substance
CHEMICAL CHANGES
 Examples:
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Burning paper
Rusting a nail
Rot an apple
Eating an apple
INDICATORS OF A CHEMICAL CHANGE
Gas
is released (bubbles)
Heat
is released (exothermic)
Heat
is absorbed (endothermic)
Change
in odor
Change
in color
MORE INDICATORS
Light
is given off
Sound
is given off
Precipitate
forms (When 2
liquids are added together and
they form a solid)
HOW TO SEPARATE MATERIALS USING
PHYSICAL MEANS:
Distillation-
#1
Filtration- #2
Magnetism- #3
Density- #4