Trading states in Africa Chapter 11

Early civilizations of Africa Section 1

Sahara

• • • • • Who: Africans What: the largest desert in the world, a geographic feature in the great variety of African landscapes Where: Northern Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: this desert plays a major role in the development of Africa & it’s trading kingdoms that develop

Sahara (6)

• • • • • Who: Africans What: the largest desert in the world; just one geographic feature in the great variety of African land Where: North Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: the geographic features of this area played a major role in the development of Africa

Sahara (7)

• • • • • Who: Africans What: largest desert in the world; just one of the many geographic features of Africa Where: Northern Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: this desert played a major role in the development of N. Africa = desert = not a lot of vegetation = lower population; trade routes went through here

Savannahs (6)

• • • • • Who: Africans What: grassy plains, make up the continent’s largest & most populated regions Where: Central & South Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: this area had the most vegetation = food = larger population; this geographic region affected how/where ppl lived

Savannas (7)

• • • • • Who: Africans What: grassy plains, the continent’s largest & most populated regions Where: Central & South Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: these grassy plains had a lot of vegetation = food = people = most populous regions of Africa

Cataracts (6)

• • • • • Who: Africans What: waterfalls on high plateaues Where: Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: these hindered easy movement from place to place in Africa, acted as barriers = travel from place to place was hard

Cataracts (7)

• • • • • Who: Africans What: waterfalls that hindered movement throughout Africa Where: high plateaus of Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: these served as barriers to trade= they hindered easy movement of ppls from place to place

Workbook pg 98

• I. – A. • 1 . Sahara- largest desert in the world, shapes Africa = not as many ppl live here b.c. of desert • 2. Savannahs- grassy plains w. vegetation = most populous region • 3. Cataracts- hindered movement throughout Africa, acted as barriers

• I. – B. • 1. Minerals (salt, gold, copper ,iron) showed wealth & power = trade increased • 2. Camels could travel long distances w.o water & could carry heavy loads = trade increased

Savannah

• • • • • Who: Africans What: grassy plains, Africa’s largest & most populated region Where: Central & South Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: moving north & south throughout Africa, this is the continent’s most populated region b.c. of all the vegetation

Cataracts

• • • • • Who: Africans What: waterfalls on high plateaus Where: Africa When: 730 BC- present Why: these hindered easy movement throughout the continent b.c. they were difficult to cross = limits travel

Workbook pg 98

• • I. A. Geographic patterns – Sahara- desert region in the North (not a lot of ppl live here); Savannahs- most populated due to a lot of vegetation = food – Cataracts, (waterfalls)- restrict people from moving about the continent B. Resources spur trade - Salt, gold, iron & copper were valuable = great wealth & power = trade throughout Africa - Camels allowed more trade through the desert b.c.

they were able to carry heavy loads & go long times w.o

water= trade increased through the Sahara

Desertification

• • • • • Who: Africans What: a climate change that slowly dried out the Sahara, cropland & pastureland are devoured/destroyed Where: Northern Africa, Sahara desert When: 2500 BC Why: as the land became parched, the desert spread; the desertification led to migration b.c.

ppl had to find new areas to live in that maintained their way of life

II. Part A.

• • • • 1) Hunters & gatherers settled down & learned to cultivate the Nile Valley & domesticate animals 2)Sahara used to be covered with rich grasslands & savannah = ppl lived here 3)Desertification- dried out vegetation = ppl migrated (leave) 4) Ppl leave to find new areas that maintain their ways of life

II. Part B

• • 1. People migrated all throughout Africa = diverse cultures/languages- root language = Bantu 2. The Bantu spread their skills/language & merge with other groups; still there today

Bantu

• • • • • Who: Africans What: the root language of the African languages Where: Africa, W. Africa When: 1000BC- present Why: gives the movement “Bantu migrations” its’ name; Bantu-speakers spread their skills of farming, iron working, & domesticating animals; other existing cultures merged w. Bantu; their influence is still in the languages of that region today

Nubia

• • • • • Who: Egyptians, Nubian, Northeast Africans What: ancient kingdom called Kush Where: Egypt, northeast Africa, on the Nile When: 2700 BC Why: this kingdom was flourishing, trade led to contact b/n Nubia & Egypt; Nubia was under Egyptian control & remained that way for about 500 years = Nubia adopted several Egyptian traditions

Meroe